bility of circumnavigating Africa,
subsequently denied by Plato, Epho-
rus, Polybius, Strabo, and Ptolemy,
336; difficulty in deciding the ques-
tion, 337; Herodotus's account of
the voyage, ib.; examination into its
possibility, ib.; nature of the ships,
ib.; character of the voyage, 338;
extent of coast to be traversed, ib.;
mean rate of sailing, ib.; aggregate
length of the voyage, ib.; descrip-
tion of the supposed circumnaviga-
tion by the light of modern geogra-
phy, 339; story of the Phoenicians
obtaining supplies on their voyage by
sowing corn and waiting for the har-
vest, not incredible, 343; examina-
tion into the credibility to be at-
tached to Herodotus's relation, 344;
story of having the sun on the right
hand, no evidence of its truth, ib.;
failure of Sataspes, no evidence of
its falsehood, ib.; enterprising cha-
racter of Neco, 345; reasons for be-
lieving in the circumnavigation, ib.;
Herodotus's general knowledge of
the African continent, 346; extreme
heat of the climate, ib.; difficulty in
discovering Herodotus's boundary
line between Asia and Africa, 347;
confusion between the country of
Libya and the continent of Libya,
ib.; division of the Libyan continent
into three tracts, viz. Aegypt, Aethi-
opia, and Libya Proper, 348.
also LIBYA.

See

Agathyrsi, occupying Transylvania,
179.

Agbatana. See ECBATANA.

corselet in the Heraeum at Samos,
102; his tomb at Sais, 375; dedi-
cated colossus at Memphis, 389; sent
statue of Athene to Cyrene, 540.
Amathus, 96.
Ambraciots, 88.

Ammenemes III., discovery of his
name in the pyramid of Howara, 426.
Ammonians, who possessed a temple to
Zeus, the ram-headed god of Thebes,
and a hot spring sacred to Helios,
559; neighbouring city of Oasis,
560.

Ammonium identified with Siwah, 564.
Ampe, 264.

Ampelus, Cape, 118.

Amphiaraus, temple of, 68; oracle, ib. ;
gifts of Croesus, 69.
Amphicaea, 79.

Amphictyons, seats of, at Thermo-
pylae, 82.
Amphissa, 81.

Amun, the divine intellect, Aegyptian
representation of, 444. See ZEUS.
Amyrgian Sacae, 293.
Anactorium, 84.
Anagyrus, 65.
Anaphlystus, 65.
Anana, 237.

Anaxagoras, taught that the overflow
of the Nile was occasioned by melted
snows, 359.

Anaximander, his map of the earth, 8.
Anchimolius, tomb of, 65.
Androcrates, precinct of, 71.

Androphagi, occupying Smolensk, 180.
Andros, island of, 98.

Angareïon, 275.

Angites, river, 130.

Angrus, river, 136.

Anopaea, pass of, 83.

at Sames, 103.

Artemis, the Aegyptian, temple of, at
Buto, 376; identified with Pasht, or
Bubastis, 451.

Artemis, altar of, in Byzantium, 126.
Artemisium, beach of, 109.
Artimpasa, 162.
Artiscus, river, 126.

Asbystae, who drove four-horse cha-
riots, 546.

Ascalon, its temple of Aphrodite, or
Astarte, 248.

ASIA, general survey of, 195; two great
mountain ranges of Asia, the Altai,
ib.; the Taurus, or plateau of Iran,
196; rivers of Asia, ib.; separation
of the continent into three divisions,
197; extent of the Asia of Herodo-
tus, ib.; discoveries of Scylax of
Caryanda, 198; Herodotus's own
map of Asia, 199; the four central
nations, ib.; the two western Actue,
viz. Asia Minor; Syria and Libya,
200; ancient division of Asia between
the Lydians, Babylonians, and Medes,
201; establishment of the Persian
empire of Cyrus, 202; division into
twenty satrapies by Darius Hystas-
pes, ib.; extent of Herodotus's tra-
vels in Asia, 203; his general ac-
quaintance with Phoenicia and Asia
Minor, ib.; visit to Babylon, ib.;
travels along the great highway be-
tween Sardis and Susa, ib.; visit to
Ecbatana very doubtful, ib.; exam-
ination of the list of twenty satrapies,
204; reasons for including distant
tribes in the same satrapy, ib.; ge-
neral want of geographical order
arising from Herodotus's ignorance
of the more distant satrapies, 205;
catalogue of nations in the army and
navy of Xerxes, 208; topography of
the languages of Asia, 209; lan-
guages of Asia Minor, from the
Aegean to the Halys, 210; Semitic
dialects between the Halys and Ti-
gris, ib.; Persian dialects between
the Tigris and Indus, 211.
Asia, Persian geography of, as exhibit-

ed in the catalogue of nations in the
army of Xerxes, 322.

traversed east and south by two
ranges, ib.; Zagros, or mountains of
Kurdistan, 244; Elburz and Ghur
mountains, ib.; countries watered by
the Euphrates and Tigris, ib.; Assy-
ria, ib.; Babylonia, ib.; Mesopota-
mia, ib.; Syria, ib.; Media, 245;
Cissia and Persis, ib.; three satra-
pies known to Herodotus, viz. Syria
Proper, or Phoenicia and Palaestine,
ib.; Assyria, or Babylonia, and Me-
sopotamia, answering to Irak Arabi,
and Algezirah, 251; Cissia and Per-
sis, answering to Khuzistan and Far-
sistan, 267.

Asia, Independent, viz. Southern India,
306; Colchis, 312; Arabia, 314.
Asia, unexplored, a region bounded on
the west by the frontiers of Asia
Minor; north, by the Phasis, the
Caspian, and the Jaxartes; east, by
the Indus; south, by Syria, Assyria,
Cissia, Persis, and the Erythraean,
278; divided into twelve satrapies,
viz. Euxine tribes, 279; Armenia,
281; Matiene and the Saspeires, 284;
Media, 285; south Caspian tribes,
289; Parthia, Chorasmia, Sogdia,
and Aria, 290; east Caspian tribes,
293; Bactria, 295; Gandara, 296;
Carmania, 297; Asiatic Aethiopia,
298; Northern India, 299.
Asine, town of, 48.
Asmak, 524.

Asopus, river of, 70, 81.
Assa, 118.

Asses without horns, and that never
drank, 542.
Assessus, 223.

ASSYRIA, 244; comprehended, accord-
ing to Herodotus, Babylonia and Me-
sopotamia, and thus answered to Irak
Arabi and Algezirah, 251; inha-
bitants called Syrians by the Greeks,
and Assyrians by the Barbarians, 252;
great importance of this satrapy, ib. ;
want of rain supplied by the Euphra-
tes, ib.; numerous canals, 253; ex-
traordinary growth of corn, ib.; palm
trees, ib. See also BABYLON.
Astarte. See APHRODITE.
Astrabacus, shrine of, 53.

temple of Hephaestus, 389; brick
pyramid of, 414; probably the same
as the northern pyramid of Dashoor,
415.

Atarantes, who had no names, and

cursed the sun, 561; their station
perhaps to be identified with Te-
gerry, 568.

Atarbechis, 383, 459, 507.
Atarneus, 227.

Athene Alea, temple of, 38.

Athene Crathia, temple of, 178.
Athene Poliuchus, temple of, 105.

Athene Pronaea, temple of, at Delphi,

75.

Athene Sciras, temple of, 109.
Athene, worshipped by the Libyans,
543, 551.

Athene, the Aegyptian, temple of at
Sais, 374; splendid propylaea built
by Amasis, ib.; huge rock chamber,
ib.; tombs of the Saite kings, Apries,
Amasis, etc., 375; Athene identified
with Neith, 452.

Athens, Herodotus's description of, 61;
four ancient divisions of the Athe-
nians, 62; re-classification into ten
tribes, ib.; each tribe formed ten
demi, ib.; three factions, ib.; pub-
lic buildings, etc., ib. See also AT-

TICA.

Athor, identified with Aphrodite, 459;
confounded with Isis, ib.
Athos, Mount, description of, 116; ca-
nal of Xerxes, ib.
Athribites, 383.
Athrys, river, 132.

Atlantes, who ate no meat and dream-

ed no dreams, 561; their position
unknown, 569.

Atlantic Sea, 19; general course of the
currents of, 341.

Atlas, Mount, description of, 561;
confusion respecting, 569.
Atlas, river, 132.

Atropatene, 286. See MEDIA.
ATTICA, general description of, 57;
ancient history, 58; Herodotus's
account, 59; Ionians enter Attica,
60; Ionian migration, ib.; Atheni-
ans regarded as Ionian Pelasgians,
ib.; manners, customs, etc., 61;
Herodotus's description of Attica,
ib.; topography, 65. See also
ATHENS.

Auses, who lived on the left bank of
the river Triton, 551; worshipped a
native goddess corresponding to the
Athene of the Greeks, ib.; lived
apart from their women, whom they
had in common, 552.
Automoli, country of, 518; situated
within the triangle of Sennaar, form-
ed by the White and Blue Niles,
520; consisted of 240,000 desert-
ers from the Aegyptian warrior
caste, 524; question as to whether
settled on the White or the Blue
Nile, ib.

Autonous, precinct of, 79.
Axius, river, 114, 119.
Axus, 96.
Azanes, 39.
Azerbijan, 286.
Aziris, 537.

BABYLON, the only city of Assyria de-
scribed by Herodotus, 254; site of
the ruins of Babylon near Hillah,
ib.; three mounds on the eastern
bank of the Euphrates, ib.; Muje-
libe, or "the overturned," errone-
ously supposed by Rennell to be the
temple of Belus, 255; El Kasr, or
"the palace," ib.; Amram hill, 256;
remains of ancient ramparts, ib.;
river embankment, 256; western
bank of the Euphrates, 257; small
scattered mounds, ib.; Birs Nimroud,
the tower of Babel and temple of
Belus, 258; its extreme antiquity.
ib.; Herodotus's description of Ba-
bylon, 259; towers on the wall, 260;
one hundred brass gates, ib.; the
city cut in two by the Euphrates, ib. ;
walls, ib.; royal palace, ib.; tem-
ple of Belus, ib.; statements of the
Chaldean priests, 261; bridge over
the Euphrates, 262; sepulchre of
Nitocris, ib.; names of the city gates,
ib.; destruction of the fortifications
by Darius, 263; dress of the Baby-
lonians, 264; manners and customs,
ib.; annual sale of maidens, ib.; no
physicians, 265; embalming, ib.;
funeral lamentations like those of the
Aegyptians, ib.; burning of incense
after sexual intercourse, ib. ; dis-
graceful practices connected with the
worship of Aphrodite, ib.; three
tribes of Babylonian Ichthyophagi,
266; Chaldeans, ib.; Babylonian
sun-dial, ib.; gnomon, 267; talent,
ib.

Babylonia, 244. See ASSYRIA.
Babylonian empire, ancient extent of,
201.

Bactria, general description, 295; iden-
tified with Balkh between the Hin-

doo Koosh and the Oxus, ib.; He-
rodotus's account, 296; Bactria a
penal settlement, ib.; costume of
the Bactrians, ib.
Bahr Yusuf.

See JOSEPH'S CANAL.

Balkan range, 122.

Balkh, 295.

Barathron at Athens, 63.

Barbary, or Inhabited Libya, 533.
Barca, founded by emigrants from Cy-
rene, 540; inhabitants transplanted
to Barca in Bactria, ib.
Baris, the Aegyptian merchant barge,
501.

Bdellae, 509.

Belbina, isle of, 111.

Beled-el-Jered, or Wild Beast Libya,
533.

Belus, temple of, in Babylon, 260.

Berbers, 521, note.

Bermion, Mount, 122.

Bessi, 136.

temis, 451; festival of, ib.; myth of,

468.

Bucolic mouth of the Nile, 363.
Budii, 289.

Budini, occupying Saratoff, 182.
Bura, town of, 45.
Busae, 289.

temple of Isis, ib.

Busiris, city of, 374;
Busirites, 383.
Buto, city of, 376; temple of Apollo
and Artemis, ib.; temple and oracle
of Leto, ib.; floating island of Chem-
mis, with temple of Apollo, 377.
Buto, near Arabia, neighbouring defile
containing the bones of winged ser-
pents, 317; distinct from the other
Buto, 378.

Buto, the Aegyptian goddess, identified
by Herodotus with Leto, 450; her
temple and oracle, ib.

Byblus, the stalk eaten by the marsh-
men of the Delta, 493.

temple of Belus, 258.

Bisaltia, 131.

Borysthenes, river, 145; identified with
the Dnieper, 147.

Bosphorus, bridged by Darius, 125;
Cimmerian, 157.

Bottiaeis in Macedonia, 114.