were the ramp completed, or the ancient stone, now broken out, put back into its place.

(4.) The floors of the Queen's chamber and horizontal passage are erroneously represented all on one level, i.e., not showing the deep step towards the southern end.

(5.) The Grand Gallery roof is made with distinct inverted steps, but having only thirty of them, instead of thirty-six.

(6.) The south-east socket of the Pyramid is shown as well as the north-east; but the only other socket which the French savants discovered, besides the north-east one, was that at the north-west corner. Since then, viz., in 1865, Messrs. Aiton and Inglis found by excavating that a south-east socket really existed. But, that the French had not seen it, is pretty plain from their having drawn it of the same size as the north-east socket, while its meridian length is really only one-third of that.

In another Plate, the faults of not showing the granite leaf of the antechamber to be composed of two pieces, and one of them garnished with a certain projecting portion,-are to be noticed; also, and still more importantly, the total neglect of the ledge on the coffer in the King's chamber. But many other features are well given, and with splendid treatment as works of the draughtsman.

HYPSOMETRICAL REFERENCE OF THE GREAT PYRAMID, BY M. JOMARD, IN 'DESCRIPTION DE L'ÉGYPTE,'

ANTIQUITÉS DÉSCRIPTIONS, VOL. II. p. 62.

'Les opérations du nivellement des deux mers, ' l'un des ouvrages les plus importans des ingénieurs 'de l'expédition Française, ont été rattachées, d'après une idée très-judicieuse de M. Le Père aîné, directeur de ce travail, au sol de la Grande Pyramide, qui servira ainsi de repère invariable à toutes les observations future sur le niveau des 'crues du Nil, sur l'exhaussement du lit du fleuve et celui de la vallée. Ce point de départ est le sol de l'encastrement du socle de la Pyramide, à l'angle nord-est: il est élevé de 42.88 mètres' (1688 British inches) au-dessus de la coudée supérieure du meqyâs ou nilomètre de Roudah: de '42 mètres' (1654 British inches) 'au-dessus de la • vallée et des hautes eaux moyennes (de 1798 à 1801); et de 49.97 mètres' (1967 British inches) ' au-dessus des basses eaux moyennes pour la même époque. Ces données précieuses ne doivent pas être perdues de vue.'

Compare vol. iii. p. 77: adding to the numbers above given, six inches, to reduce them from the floor of the north-east socket, to the upper surface of the general pavement surrounding the Great Pyramid. See vol. ii. p. 137.

VOL. II.

X

PYRAMID MEASURES BY COLONEL HOWARD

VYSE AND MR. PERRING.

No series of authorities on Pyramid measurement would be complete, without the combined work of the two authors above mentioned. We have indeed been obliged to point out in more than one instance, such as that of the height of the present Pyramid, that their numbers are by no means always so correct as they might be; but we believe them to be perfectly honest, as published by Colonel Howard Vyse, either in his octavo volumes of Operations carried on at the Pyramids of Jeezeh in 1837, or his folio atlas of The Pyramids of Jeezeh, published soon after; and they furnish besides, the greatest body of measures of different portions of the Pyramid ever collected by any single party, and contain some items with regard to which there are no other authorities. The publication, too, since then, by Chevalier Bunsen, of some of these measures, as unfortunately altered by Mr. Perring to suit a theoretical view of his own, makes a republication of the original numbers important for the credit both of Mr. Perring and Colonel Howard

Vyse, as measurers; and their numbers of feet and inches being here reduced to inches only, renders their results more immediately comparable with

our own.

WHOLE PYRAMID.

British inches.

Ancient base-side, length of,

Present base-side,

Ancient height, vertical, computed by angle 51° 50′,

Present height, vertical,

Ancient height, inclined,

Present height, inclined,

Angle of casing-stones, between 51° 50',

and 51° 52′ + x seconds.

ENTRANCE.

Vertical height from base to bottom of entrance,

Distance of the centre of this entrance eastward from the

centre of the Pyramid,

Breadth of passage,

Height of passage, perpendicular to incline,

Angle of this entrance passage, = 26° 41′.

LENGTH OF ENTRANCE PASSAGE.

From present dilapidated beginning of roof to the junc

tion with first ascending passage,

Or, present length inclined, of whole entrance passage, But, ancient length must be increased for an extent of more than 276 inches broken away at the beginning with the exterior of the building, and is therefore more nearly,

= 296. -3850

Ceiling flat, floor uneven from the excavation not having been completed: depth from ceiling to deepest part of floor,

Northern side distant from the central vertical axis of
the Pyramid, northwards,

Eastern side is distant from the same axis eastwards,
Depth of ceiling below base of Pyramid,

Length,
Breadth,
Height,

SUBTERRANEAN PASSAGE TO THE SOUTHWARD.

SUBTERRANEAN SHAFT OR HALF-WELL.

This was situated near the eastern end of this chamber, in the deepest part of the floor, so far as excavated; it was described as very rude, evidently unfinished, and about in depth,

See further particulars of it at the end of the list.

FIRST ASCENDING PASSAGE.

Length, from lower end of granite portcullis blocks to
the Grand Gallery, including the space of 177 inches
at present occupied by said blocks,
Height, perpendicular to incline,

Breadth,

Angle of inclination = 26° 18'.

GRAND GALLERY, OR SECOND ASCENDING PASSAGE.

Height, vertical,

Length from North end to step at South end,

Further length from step to passage leading to King's