White Canada Forever: Popular Attitudes and Public Policy Toward Orientals in British Columbia

Between the mid-nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries white British Columbians directed recurring outbursts of prejudice by against the Chinese, Japanese, and East Indians who lived among them. In White Canada Forever Peter Ward reveals the full extent and periodic virulence of west coast racism.Ward draws upon a rich record of events and opinion in the provincial press, manuscript collections, and successive federal enquiries and royal commissions on Asian immigration. He locates the origins of west coast racism in the frustrated vision of a white British Columbia and an unshakeable belief in the unassimilability of the Asian immigrant. Canadian attitudes were dominated by a series of interlocking, hostile stereotypes derived from western perceptions of Asia and modified by the encounter between whites and Asians on the north Pacific coast. Public pressure on local, provincial, and federal governments led to discriminatory policies in the field of immigration and employment, and culminated in the forced relocation of west coast Japanese residents during World War II.