Journal of Middle Eastern and North African Intellectual and Cultural Studies, Volume 4

accessed April 25 Achaemenid Adī Ahura Mazda al-Din al-Kindī al-Maqrizi al-Sayyab al-Tawḥīd Arab poets Arab world authoritarian regimes authority Baghdad Belgian Belgium believed Bulaç Cairo century chaharbagh charismatic Christian civilization concept countries cultural Cyrus da'wah Daylamites democracy doctrine du'at Eastern Eliot's Enuma Elish existence Fatimid Fatimid Egypt garden Gellner Guardian Council Hafiz Hasan holy human Ibn Khaldun ideology Imam institutions intellectual Internet Iran Iran's Iranian society Iraq Islamic revolution Ismaʻili Khaldunian Khamenei King leader leadership Maqālah means Middle East Moroccan Mudawwana Muhammad multiple Muslim Nasir Khusraw nation-state Nizaris Pasargadae Persian philosophical plants poetry political public sphere qanat Qur'an rationalization process reforms religion religious revolutionary role Salamé Shah Shi'ite Shiraz social revolutions Sufi Syria T.S. Eliot talaq texts tradition trees tribes Trinity University urban value rationalization vizier websites Western Yaḥyā Yasna Zoroastrian با بود که