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REFLECTED VERBS.

1. Reflected verbs are used to express a state of being, or an action terminating with the doer of it; as, codlaim, I sleep; seasam, I stand.

2. Whenever duration is expressed, or understood, the circumlocution, with the verb bi, is used; as, bi me mo codlad ar fead an oidċe, I was asleep all night: ta se na seasam, he is standing. (132.)

Reflected Verbs promiscuously exemplified.

Ta sinne nar gcodlad faoi sgat na gerann, An bfuil sise na suide, Ni head, act ta seisean na suide,

Car codail tu a reir?

Na codait nios mo,

Beid siadsan na seasam,
Do tost misi mar duine
balb,

Bhi me mo comnaig a
mBaile at cliat,
Na seasam ann sin,
Bhi me mo dusgad abfad
roime lo.

Bhi seisean na dusgad
romam, agus do duisg

se me,

Bi do tost,

Do codail me a nDùn-
dealgan,

Bhi me mo codlad areir,

We are sleeping under

the shade of the trees. Is she sitting. No, but he is sitting.

Where did you sleep last
night?

Do not sleep any more.
They will be standing.
I was silent as a dumb

man.

I was living in Dublin.

Do not stand there.
I was awake long before
day.

He was awake before me;
and he awakened me.

Be silent.

I slept in Dundalk.

I was sleeping last night.

AUXILIARY

1

AUXILIARY VERBS.

1. The auxiliaries bi, is, or as, and tig, with their inflexions, are elegantly used to supply the place of all verbs denoting possession, want, power, necessity, or any affection of the body, or mind.

2. Bi is used with agam, orm, and uaim; is, or as, with dam, and liom; tig, with liom only; as, (133.)

Ta sgian agam,
Ni bfuil sgian agam,

Ta sgian uaim,

Ni tig liom a deanam,

Is eigin dam sgriobad,
Ta grad agam air Dhia,

Ta fuaċt orm,

Is liom sin fòs,

I have a knife.
I have not a knife.
I want a knife.

I cannot do it.

I must write.

I love God.

I am cold.

That is mine too.

3. Is, or as, simply denotes the object in itself; but ta always denotes it as connected with some circumstance.

Hence, is affirms simply of its object, although that object be expressed by two or more words; as, is me Domnall, I am Donald; is fuar an oidċe i, it is a cold night. But ta has a twofold object, and shews the subject and predicate distinctly from each other; ta Domnall ag an doras, Donald is at the door; ta an oidċe fuar, the night is cold. (134.)

Hence also, the interrogative, of as, is an, used in enquiring after any inherent quality of the subject; as, an tu Domnall? are you Donald? is me,

I am.

But the interrogative, of bi, is bfuil, used in enquiring after any occasional quality, or circumstance; as, bfuil Domnall ag an doras? is Donald at the door? ata, he is.

4. When

4. When as, or is, ba, and bud, come in contact with vowels, they are contracted into s, b, or m;

as,

Mas (ma is) tu fear an
tige,

Bean darb (dar ba) ainm
Eblin,

Da maill (ma aill) leat
eisteaċt liom,
Bfearr (ba fearr) damsa
beit mo tost,

If you are the man of the house.

A woman whose name was Evelina.

If it were agreeable to you to listen to me. It were better for me to be silent.

5. Ba, and bud, aspirate the following mutable consonants; as, bud mait liom, I would wish.

6. The auxiliary bi, with the preposition ann, is used to express existence; as, ta subailce ann, there is a virtue; bi duine ann, there was a man. (135.)

The construction of the auxiliary verbs promiscuously exemplified.

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A ndearna duine air bit riam amrus fa Dhia a beit ann?

Nil cuid agam de,

Ta fuaċt orm anois, agus

bi tart mor orm ag teaċt asteać dam,

Did ever any man doubt

of the existence of a God?

I have no part of it. I am cold now, and I was very thirsty when I came in.

Bheara me an tairgiod I will give the money to

duit a marać ma tig liom,

Bfearr liom go dtiocfa leat a tabairt aniuġ, An leat fein an ċior énàim?

Is liom; agus is liom an sgatan fòs. Da mbiad airgiod agam, Ta ublaige uadfa, Bhfuil tu tinn? ni bfuilim,

An tu an maor? ni me.

'Sionnan sin le rad agus gur bionnan iad araon,

Ba doilig dam è.
Bhfuil tu fuar? taim.
Dob è an fear a bairde
san 'mbuidin,

you to-morrow if I

can.

I would rather you could have given it to-day. Is the ivory comb your own?

It is mine; and the look-
ing-glass is mine also.
If I had money.
They want apples.
Are you sick? I am not.

Are you the officer? I

am not.

That is the same as to say, that they were both alike.

It were difficult for me.
Are you cold? I am.
He was the tallest man
in the company.

Dob i an bean a bailne She was the most beau

dreać,

Da ma leat è, ni biad m'ainmse ann,

An leatsa an sgian so? Ni liom anois è,

Mas leis è tabair do è. Bhfuil nair uirre?

An raib mo leabarsa agad?

tiful woman.

If it were yours, my name would not be in it.

Is this knife yours?
It is not mine now.
If it is his, give it to him,
Is she ashamed?

Had you my book?

An

An raib foidigeact orra?

Did they think long?

Is sine ar matairne na bur matairse,

Our mother is older than

yours.

Ta bur mbatsa san gcoill, Your cows are in the wood.

ADVERB.

1. The following adverbs aspirate the words that follow them thus;

Ni, niar, not, and nar? naċar? not? aspirate and prefix h to vowels;

Do, and a, to, aspirate infinitives;.

Do, sign of the preter, aspirates active verbs; Ro, very, aspirates adjectives; and,

All the adverbial particles aspirate the words with

which they are compounded; as, (136)

Niar tainic aon duine No man came with him. leis,

Is còir duinn urnaig do,
or a deanam gać la,
Do buail me an fear eile,
Ta an maidin ro fuar,
Ta se na duine neimġlic,
Ni hamluiġ ta,

We ought to pray every
day.

I struck the other man.
The morning is very cold.
He is a foolish man.
It is not so.

2. Nać, not, and ca? where? eclipse active verbs; and

Iar, sign of the preter participle, eclipses it; as, (137)

Nać dtig leiće siubal,
Iar mbualad an dorais,
Cambionn se na comnuig?

She cannot walk.
Having struck the door.
Where does he dwell?

3. Adverbs signifying proximity, require the dative; as, ta se angar dam, he is near me. (138.)

4. The

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