ARCH-TYRANT, n. A principal or great tyrant. Hall. ARCH-VIL/LAIN, n. A chief or great villain. ARCH-VIL/LA-NÝ, n. Great villany. †A-REN-U-LOUS, a. Full of small sand. †ARCH-WIFE', n. A wife in the higher rank of society. AR'E-OLE, or AR-E-OLA, n. [L.) The colored circle Chaucer. ARETIC, a. [Gr. αρκτος.] Northern; pertaining to the northern constellation called the Bear; as, the arctic pole. -The arctic circle is a lesser circle, parallel to the equator, 23° 28' from the north pole. This and the antarctic circle are called the polar circles, and within these lie the frigid zones. ARE-TURUS, ". [Gr. αρκτος and oυρα.] A fixed star of the first magnitude, in the constellation of Bootes. AR CU-ATE, a. [L. arcuatus.] Bent or curved in the form of a bow. AR CU-A-TILE, a. Bent. Dict. AR-CU-ATION, n. 1. The act of bending; incurvation; the state of being bent; curvity; crookedness; great convexity of the thorax. 2. A method of raising trees by layers; that is, by bending branches to the ground, and covering the small shoots with earth. AR/CU-BA-LIST, n. [L. arcus and balista.] A cross bow. AR-CU-BA-LISTER, n. A cross-bowman; one who used the arbalist. ARD, the termination of many English words, is the Ger. art, species, kind; Sw. and Dan. art, mode, nature, genius, form. We observe it in Goddard, a divine temper; Giffard, a disposition to give, liberality; Bernard, filial affection; standard, drunkard, dotard, &c. AR/DEN-CY, n. [L. ardens.] Warmth of passion or affection; ardor; eagerness. ARDENT, a. 1. Hot; burning; that causes a sensation of burning. 2. Having the appearance or quality of fire; fierce. 3. Warm, applied to the passions and affections; passionate; affectionate; much engaged; zealous. AR'DENT-LY, adv. With warmth; affectionately; passionately. AR DENT-NESS, n. Ardency. ARDERS, n. Fallowings or plowings of grounds. Grose. ARDOR, n. [L.] 1. Heat, in a literal sense. 2. Warmth, or heat, applied to the passions and affections; eager ness. XR/DU-OUS-NESS, n. Height; difficulty of execution. ARE, n [L. area.] In French measure, the new square perch, containing a hundred square metres. A-RE, or AL-A-MIRE'. The lowest note, except one, in Guido's scale of music. ARE-A, n. [L.] 1. Any plain surface, as the floor of a room, of a church or other building, or of the ground. 2. The space or site on which a building stands; or of any inclosure.-3. In geometry, the superficial contents of any figure, the surface included within any given lines; as, the area of a square or a triangle.-4. Among physicians, baldness; an empty space; a bald space produced by alopecy; also a name of the disease. 5. In mining, a compass of ore allotted to diggers. A-READ', or † A-REED, v. t. [Sax. aredan.] To counsel; to advise. Spenser. ARE-AL, a. Pertaining to an area. Barton. ARE-FY, v. t. To dry or make dry Bacon. ARENA, n. [L. sand.] 1. An open space of ground, strewed with sand, on which the gladiators, in ancient Rome, exhibited shows of fighting for the amusement of spectators. Hence, a place for public exhibition.-2. Among physicians, sand or gravel in the kidneys. AR-E-NA CEOUS, a. 1. Sandy; having the properties of sand. 2. Brittle. AR-E-NATION, n. Among physicians, a sand bath; a sprinkling of hot sand upon a diseased person. A-REN'DA-LITE, n. In mineralogy, another name of epidote, or pistacite. AR-EN-DA TOR, n. [Russ. arenda.] In Livonia, and other provinces of Russia, a farmer of the farms or rents. A-REN-I-LITIC, a. [L. arena, and Gr. λιθος.] Pertaining to sand-stone; consisting of sand-stone. round the nipple, or round a pustule. AR-E-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. αραιος and μετρεω.] An instrument for measuring the specific gravity of liquids. AR-E-O-MET'RI-CAL, a. Pertaining to an areometer. AR-E-OM/E-TRY, n. The measuring or act of measuring the specific gravity of fluids. AR-E-OP-A-GITIC, a. Pertaining to the Areopagus. Mit ford. AR-E-OP'A-GITE, (ar-e-op/-a-jite, Walker.) n. A member of the Areopagus. AR-E-OP/A-GUS, n. [Gr. Αρης and παγος.] A sovereign tribunal at Athens, famous for the justice and impartiality of its decisions. AR-E-OTIC, a [Gr. αραιος.] Attenuating; making thin, as in liquids; rarefying. AR-E-OTIC, n. A medicine which attenuates the humors, dissolves viscidity, opens the pores, and increases perspiration; an attenuant. Coze. AR-E-TOLO-GY, n. [Gr. αρετη and λογος.] That part of moral philosophy which treats of virtue. [Little used.] AR GAL, n. Unrefined or crude tartar, a substance adhering to the sides of wine casks. AR-GE/AN, a. Pertaining to Argo or the Ark. ARGENT, n. [L. argentum.] 1. The white color in coats of arms, intended to represent silver, or purity, innocence, beauty, or gentleness.-2. a. Silvery; of a pale white, like silver. Johnson. 3. a. Bright. Pope. AR-GENT'AL, a. Pertaining to silver; consisting of silver; containing silver. Cleaveland. AR/GEN-TATE, n. A combination of the argentic acid with another substance. AR-GEN-TATION, n. An overlaying with silver. AR-GENTIC, a. Pertaining to silver. ver. Kirwan. AR-GEN-TINA, n. In ichthyology, a genus of fishes of AR'GEN-TINE, the order of abdominals. Argentina is also a name of the wild tansy, silver-weed. Coze. ARIGEN-TINE, a. Like silver; pertaining to silver, or sounding like it. Johnson. AR/GEN-TINE, n. In mineralogy, a sub-species of carbon ate of lime, nearly pure. ARGENT-RY, n. Materials of silver. Howel. AR/GIL, n. A species of the ardea, or genus of cranes. ARGIL, n. [L. argilla.] In a general sense, clay, or pot ter's earth; but in a technical sense, pure clay, or alu mine. AR-GIL-LACEOUS, a. [L. argillaceus.] Partaking of the nature of clay; clayey; consisting of argil. AR-GIL-LIFER-OUS, a. [L. argilla and fero.] Producing clay. ARGIL-LITE, n. Argillaceous shist or slate; clay-slate Kirvan. AR-GIL-LITIC, a. Pertaining to argillite. AR-GIL-LO-CAL/CITE, n. [L. argilla and calz.] A species of calcarious earth, with a large proportion of clay. AR-GIL-LO-MU'RITE, n. [L. argilla.] A species of earth, consisting of magnesia, mixed with silex, alumine, and lime; a variety of magnesite. AR-GIL LOUS, a. Consisting of clay; clayey; partaking of clay; belonging to clay Brown. AR'GIVE, a. Designating what belongs to Argos, the capital of Argolis in Greece, whose inhabitants were called Argivi. ARGO, n. The name of the ship which carried Jason and his fifty-four companions to Colchis. ARGO-NA'VIS, the ship Argo, is a constellation in the southern hemisphere. AR-GOAN, a. Pertaining to the ship Argo. Faber. AR-GOLICS, n. The title of a chapter in Pausanias, which treats of Argolis. ARGO-NAUT, n. [Gr. Αργω and ναύτης.] One of the persons who sailed to Colchis with Jason, in the Argo, in quest of the golden fleece. AR-GO-NAUTIA, n. A genus of shell-fish, of the order of vermes testacea. AR-GO-NAUTIC, a. Pertaining to the Argonauts. AR-GO-NAUTICS, n. A poem on the subject of the expedition of the Argonauts. ARGO-SY, n. [Sp. Argos, Jason's ship.] A large merchantman; a carrac. Shak. XRIGUE, v. i. [L. arguo.] 1. To reason; to invent and offer reasons to support or overthrow a proposition, opinion or measure. 2. To dispute; to reason with; followed by with. ARGUE, v. t. 1. To debate or discuss; to treat by reasoning. 2. To prove or evince; to manifest by inference of reasons. 4. Formerly, to accuse, or charge with; a Latin deduction, or to show reasons for. 3. To persuade by || AR-IS-TAR/CHY, n. [Gr. αριστος and αρχη.] A body of sense, now obsolete. Dryden. ARGUED, pp. Debated; discussed; evinced; accused. ARGU-ER, n. One who argues; a reasoner; a disputer; a controvertist. ARGU-ING, ppr. Inventing and offering reasons; disputing; discussing; evincing; accusing. ARGU-ING, n. Reasoning; argumentation. ARGU-MENT, n. [L. argumentum.] 1. A reason offered for or against a proposition, opinion, or measure; a reason offered in proof, to induce belief, or convince the mind. -2. In logic, an inference drawn from premises, which are indisputable, or at least of probable truth. 3. The subject of a discourse or writing. Milton. 4. An abstract or summary of a book, or the heads of the subjects. 5. A debate or discussion; a series of reasoning.-6. In astronemy, an arch by which we seek another unknown arch, proportional to the first. ARGU-MENT, v. i. To reason; to discourse. Gower. AR-GU-MENT/A-BLE, 4. That may be argued. Dr. Chal mers. AR-GU-MENTAL, &. Belonging to argument; consisting in argument. Pope. AR-GU-MENT-ATION, n. Reasoning; the act of reasoning; the act of inventing or forming reasons, making inductions, drawing conclusions, and applying them to the case in discussion. AR-GU-MENTA-TIVE, a. 1. Consisting of argument; containing a process of reasoning. 2. Showing reasons for. AR-GU-MENTA-TIVE-LY, adv. In an argumentative manner. Taylor. AR/GU-MENΤ-ΙΖΕ, υ.ί. Τo debate. AR/GU-MENT-I-ZER, n. One who debates or reasons. Brady. ARGUS, n. A fabulous being of antiquity, said to have had a hundred eyes, placed by Juno to guard Io. AR GUS-SHELL, n. A species of porcelain-shell, beautifully variegated with spots. AR-GU-TATION, n. [L. argutatio.] Debate; cavil; disputation. AR-GUTE, a. [L. argutus.] Sharp; shrill; witty. [Little used.] AR-GŪTENESS, n. Acuteness; wittiness. [Little used.] ARI-A, n. [It.] An air, song, or tune. ARI-AN-IZE, v. i. To admit the tenets of the Arians. ARID, a. [L. aridus.] Dry; exhausted of moisture; parched with heat. ARI-DAS, n. A kind of taffety, from the East Indies. emaciation. A'RI-ES, n. [L.] The Ram, a constellation of fixed stars; the first of the twelve signs in the zodiac. *ARI-E-TATE, v. i. [L. arieto.] To butt, as a ram. AR-I-E-TATION, n. 1. The act of butting, as a ram. The act of battering with the aries or battering ram. 2. The act of striking or conflicting. [Rarely used.] AR-I-ET/TA, n. [It.] A short song; an air, or little air. A-RIGHT', adv. [Sax. gericht.] Rightly; in a right form.; without mistake or crime. ARIL, or A-RIL/LUS, n. The exterior coat or covering of a seed, fixed to it at the base only. AR IL-LA-TED, (a. Having an exterior covering, or aril, ARILLED, as coffee. Encyc. Eaton. ARI-MAN, ART-MA, or AH'RI-MAN, n. [Per. ahriman.] The evil genius or demon of the Persians. AR-I-O-LA TION, or HAR-I-O-LATION, n. [L. ariolus, or hariolus.] A soothsaying; a foretelling. Brown. AR-I-OSO, a. [It.] Light; airy. But, according to Rousseau, applied to music, it denotes a kind of melody bordering on the majestic style of a capital air. A-RISE, v. i. pret. arose; pp. arisen: (a-rize', a-rōze', a-rizn) [Sax. arisan.] 1. To ascend, mount up, or move. to a higher place. 2. To emerge from below the horizon. 3. To get out of bed; to leave the place or state of rest; or to leave a sitting or lying posture. 4. To begin; to spring up; to originate. 5. To revive from death; to leave the grave. 6. To begin to act; to exert power; to move from a state of inaction. 7. To appear, or become known; to become visible, sensible or operative. 8. To be put in motion; to swell or be agitated. 9. To invade, assault or begin hostility; followed by against. A-RISING, ppr. Ascending; moving upward; originating or proceeding; getting up; springing up; appearing. A-RIST'A, n. [L.] In botany, awn, the long, pointed beard, which issues from the husk, or scaly flower-cup on the grasses, called the glume. Milne. AR-IS-TOCRA-TY, n. The same as aristocracy. Burten founded the sect of Peripatetics. AR-IS-TO-TE/LI-AN-ISM, n. The philosophy or doctrines of Aristotle. AR-IS-TO-TELIC, a. Pertaining to Aristotle or to his philosophy. *ARITH-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. αριθμος and μαντεια.] Divination or the foretelling of future events by the use or observation of numbers. A-RITH ME-TIC, n. [Gr. αριθμητικη.] The science of numbers, or the art of computation. AR-ITH-METIЄ, Pertaining to arithmetic; AR-ITH-METI-CAL, "cording to the rules or method of arithmetic. AR-ITH-METI-CAL-LY, adv. According to the rules, principles or method of arithmetic. A-RITH-ME-TICIAN, n. One skilled in arithmetic, or versed in the science of numbers. XRK, n. [Fr. arche; L. arca.] 1. A small, close vessel, chest or coffer, such as that which was the repository of the tables of the covenant among the Jews. The vessel in which Moses was set afloat upon the Nile was an ark of bulrushes. 2. The large, floating vessel, in which Noah and his family were preserved during the deluge. 3. A depository. 4. A large boat used on American rivers, to transport produce to market. ARKITE, n. A term used by Bryant to denote one of the persons who were preserved in the ark; or who, according to pagan fables, belonged to the ark. ARKITE, a. Belonging to the ark. Bryant. ARKTI-ZITE, or ARETI-ZITE, n. A mineral, now called Wernerite. ARM, n. [Sax. arm, earm; D. G. Sw. Dan. arm; L. armus.] 1. The limb of the human body, which extends from the shoulder to the hand. 2. The branch of a tree, or the slender part of a machine, projecting from a trunk or axis. 3. A narrow inlet of water from the sea. 4. Figuratively, power, might, strength; as the secular arm. ARM, v. t. [L. armo; Fr. armer; Sp. armar; It. armare.] 1. To furnish or equip with weapons of offense or defense. 2. To cover with a plate, or with whatever will add strength, force, or security. 3. To furnish with means of defense; to prepare for resistance; to fortify. ARM, v. i. To provide with arms, weapons, or means of attack or resistance; to take arms. AR-MA'DA, n. [Sp.] A fleet of armed ships; a squadron The term is usually applied to the Spanish fleet, called the Invincible Armada, consisting of 130 ships, intended to act against England in the reign of Elizabeth. AR-MA-DIL/LO, n. [Sp.] A quadruped peculiar to America, called also tatoo, and in zoology, the dasypus. ARIMA-MEN'T, n. [L. armamenta.] A body of forces equip ped for war; used of a land or naval force. AR-MA-MENT'A-RY, n. An armory; a magazine or arsenal. [Rarely used.] AR/MA-TURE, n. [L. armatura.] 1. Armor; that which de fends the body. 2. In ancient military art, an exercise per formed with missive weapons, as darts, spears and arrows ARMAN, n. A confection for restoring appetite in horses Dict. ARMED, pp. 1. Furnished with weapons of offense or defense; furnished with the means of security; fortified, in a moral sense.-2. In heraldry, armed is when the beaks, talons, horns, or teeth of beasts and birds of prey are of a different color from the rest of the body. 3. Capped and cased, as the load stone; that is, set in iron. ARMED-CHAIR, n. An elbow-chair Armenian bole is a species of clay from Armenia, and found in other countries. Armenian stone, a soft blue stone, consisting of calcarious earth or gypsum, with the oxyd of copper. +AR-MENTAL, a. [L. armentalis.] Belonging to a drove AR-MENTINE, or herd of cattle. Dict. AR-MEN-TOSE', a. Abounding with cattle. Dict. ARME-PU-IS-SANT, a. Powerful in arms. Weever. ARM'FUL, n As much as the arins can hold. ARM'GAUNT, a. Slender, as the arm. Shak. ARMHOLE, n 1. The cavity under the shoulder, or the armpit. 2. A hole for the arm in a garment. AR-MIG ER-OUS, a. [L. armiger.] Literally, bearing arms. But in present usage, armiger is a title of dignity next in degree to a knight. Armiger is still retained with us as a title of respect, being the Latin word equivalent to esquire, which see. AR'MIL-LA-RY, a. [L. armilla.] Resembling a bracelet, or ring: consisting of rings or circles. AR/MIL-LA-TED, 4. Having bracelets. ARMING, ppr. Equipping with arms; providing with the means of defense or attack. ARMINGS, n. The same as waist-clothes, hung about a ship's upper works. Chambers. AR-MINIAN, a. Pertaining to Arminius, or designating his principles. AR-MINIAN, n. One of a sect or party of Christians, so called from Arminius, or Harmansen. AR-MINIAN-ISM, n. The peculiar doctrines or tenets of the Arminians. AR-MIPO-TENCE, n. [L. arma and potentia.] Power in arms. Johnson. AR-MIP/O-TENT, a. Powerful in arms. AR-MIS'O-NOUS, a. Sounding or rustling in arms. AR'MIS-TICE, n. [L. arma and sisto; Ft. armistice.] A cessation of arms, for a short time, by convention; a truce; a temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement of the parties. ARMLESS, a. Without an arm; destitute of weapons. Beaumont. ARM/LET, n. A little arm; a piece of armor for the arm; a bracelet. Dryden. AR-MO/NI-AC, n. A sort of volatile salt. See AMMONIAC. AR'MOR, n. 1. Defensive arms; any habit worn to protect the body in battle; formerly called harness. Coat-armor is the escutcheon of a person or family. AR/MOR-BEAR-ER, n. One who carries the armor of another. AR/MOR-ER, n. A maker of armor or arms; a manufacturer of instruments of war. AR-MORI-AL, a. Belonging to armor, or to the arms or escutcheon of a family. AR-MOR/IC, or AR-MORI-CAN, a. Designating the northwestern part of France, formerly called Armorica. AR-MORIE, n. The language of the Armoricans; one of the Celtic dialects. AR-MORI-CAN, n. A native of Armorica. AR MOR-IST, n. One skilled in heraldry. ARMPIT, n. The hollow place under the shoulder. MS, n. plu. [L. arma; Fr. arme; Sp. It. arma.] 1. Weapons of offense, or armor for defense and protection of the body. 2. War; hostility. 3. The ensigns armorial of a family. Fire arms are such as may be charged with powder, as cannon, muskets, mortars, &c. A stand of arms consists of a musket, bayonet, cartridge-box and belt, with a sword. In falconry, arms are the legs of a hawk from the thigh to the foot. ARMS-END, n. At the end of the arms; at a good distance. AR NOT, n. A name of the bunium, pignut or earthnut. called. AR NUTS, n. Tall oat grass. †A-ROINT. See ABOYNT. A-ROMA, n. [Gr. αρωμα.] The quality of plants which ARO-MA, constitutes their fragrance. AR-O-MATIC, or AR-O-MAT I-CAL, a. Fragrant; spicy; strong-scented; odoriferous; having an agreeable odor. AR-O-MATIC, n. A plant which yields a spicy, fragrant smell, or a warm, pungent taste. AR/O-MA-TITE, n. A bituminous stone. Coze. AR-O-MAT-I-ZATION, n. The act of impregnating or scenting with aroma, or rendering aromatic. * A-RO MA-TIZE, v. t To impregnate with aroma; to infuse an aromatic odor; to give a spicy scent or taste; to perfume. A-ROMA-TIZED, pp. Impregnated with aroma; rendered fragrant. A-ROMA-TI-ZER, n. That which communicates an aromatic quality. Evelyn A-ROMA-TI-ZING, ppr. Rendering spicy; impregnating with aroma. A-ROUND', adv. 1. In a circle; on every side. 2. In a looser sense, at random; without any fixed direction. A-ROU RA, n. [Gr.] A Grecian measure of fifty feet. A-ROUSE', (a-rouz) v. t. To excite into action that which is at rest; to stir, or put in motion or exertion, that which is languid. A-ROUSED, (a-rouzd') pp. Excited into action; put in motion. A-ROUSING, ppr. Putting in motion; stirring; exciting into action or exertion. A-ROW', adv. In a row; successively. † A-ROYNT', adv. Be gone; away Shak. AR-PEG/GIO, n. [It.] The distinct sound of the notes of an instrumental chord, accompanying the voice. Walker. AR'PENT, n. [Fr. arpent.] A portion of land in France, ordinarily containing one hundred square rods or perches, each of 18 feet. But the arpent is different in different parts of France. AR-QUE-BU-SADE, n. 1. A distilled liquor applied to a bruise. 2. The shot of an arquebuse. AR/QUE-BUSE, or HARQUE-BUSE, n. A hand gun; a species of fire arms, anciently used, which was cocked with a wheel. AR-QUE-BU-SIER', n. A soldier armed with an arque buse. †ARR, n. A mark made by a flesh wound, a cicatrice. Relph. †AR/RA, n. [L. arrha, or arra.] A pledge. Anderson. AR/RACH, n. A plant. See ORRACH.. AR-RACK, n. Contracted into rack. A spirituous liquor imported from the East Indies, which usually bears this name, is toddy, a liquor distilled from the juice of the cocoa-nut tree, procured by incision. AR'RA-GO-NITE, n. In mineralogy, a species of carbonate of lime, but not pure. AR-RAIGN', (ar rāne') v. t. [Norm. arraner.] 1. To call or set a prisoner at the bar of a court, to answer to the matter charged against him in an indictment or information. 2. According to law writers, to set in order; to fit for trial. 3. To accuse; to charge with faults; to call before the bar of reason or taste. AR-RAIGN, (ar-rane') n. Arraignment; as, clerk of the arraigns. Blackstone. AR-RAIGN'ED, (ar-rand) pp. Called before a tribunal to answer, and elect triers; accused; called in question. AR-RAIGNING, ppr. Calling before a court or tribunal; accusing. AR-RAIGN/MENT, (ar-rane/ment) n. [Norm. arresnement, arraynement.] 1. The act of arraigning. 2. Accusation 3. A calling in question for faults. †AR-RAI'MENT, . Clothes; garments. We now use raiment. † ARRAND, n. The old word for errand; message. How ell. AR-RANGE, v. t. [Fr. arranger.] 1. To put in proper order; to dispose the parts of a whole in the manner intended, or best suited for the purpose. 2. To adjust; to settle; to put in order; to prepare. AR-RANGED, (ar-ranjd) pp. Put in order; disposed in the proper order; adjusted. AR-RANGEMENT, n. 1. The act of putting in proper order; the state of being put in order; disposition in suitable form. 2. That which is disposed in order; system of parts disposed in due order. 3. Preparatory measure; previous disposition. 4. Final settlement; adjustment by agreement. 5. Classification of facts relating to a subject, in a regular, systematic order. AR-RANGER, n. One that puts in order. AR-RANGING, ppr. Putting in due order or form; ad justing. ARRANT, a Notorious, in an ill sense; infamous; mere; vile. AR RANT-LY, adv. Notoriously, in an ill sense; infamously; impudently; shamefully. AR/RAS, n. [from Arres, in Artois, where this article is manufactured.] Tapestry; hangings wove with fig ures. †AR-RAUGHT, a. Seized by violence. Spenser. AR-RAY, n. [Norm. araie.] 1. Order; disposition in regu lar lines; as an army in battle array. Hence, a posture of defense. 2. Dress; garments disposed in order upon the person. Dryden.-3. In law, the act of impanneling a jury; or a jury impanneled. AR-RAY, Dt 1. To place or dispose in order, as troops for || ARRO-GANT-LY, adv. In an arrogant manner; with un battle. 2. To deck or dress; to adorn with dress. 3. Το set a jury in order for the trial of a cause; that is, to call them man by man. Blackstone. 4. To envelop. AR-RAY'ED, (ar-rade') pp. Set in order, or in lines; arranged in order for attack or defense; dressed; adorned by dress; impanneled. AR-RAY'ER, n. One who arrays. In English history, an officer who had a commission of array, to put the soldiers of a county in a condition for military service. AR-RAYING, ppr. Setting in order; putting on splendid raiment; impanneling. AR-REAR', adv. [Fr. arriere.] Behind; at the hinder part. Spenser. AR-REAR, n. That which is behind in payment, or which remains unpaid, though due.---In arrear, behind in pay ment. AR-REAR AGE, n. Arrears; any sum of money remaining unpaid, after previous payment of a part. AR-REAR'ANCE, n. The same with arrear. Dict. AR-RECT, or AR-RECTED, a. [L. arrectus.] Erect; attentive; as a person listening. YAR-RECTI, v. t. To raise or lift up. Skelton. AR-REN-TA-TION, n. [Sp. arrendar.] In the forest laws of England, a licensing the owner of land in a forest to inclose it with a small ditch and low hedge, in consideration of a yearly rent. Cowel. AR-REP-TITIOUS, a. [L. arreptus.] 1. Snatched away. 2. [ad and repo.] Crept in privily. Johnson. AR-REST', v. t. [Fr. arrêter.] 1. To obstruct; to stop; to check or hinder motion. 2. To take, seize or apprehend by virtue of a warrant from authority. 3. To seize and fix. 4. To hinder, or restrain. AR-REST', n. 1. The taking or apprehending of a person by virtue of a warrant from authority. 2. Any seizure, or taking by power, physical or moral. 3. A stop,hinderance or restraint.-4. In law, an arrest of judgment is the staying or stopping of a judgment after verdict, for causes assigned. 5. A mangy humor between the ham and pastern of the hind legs of a horse. AR-REST-ATION, n. The act of arresting; an arrest or seizure. AR-RESTED, pp. Seized; apprehended; stopped; hindered; restrained. AR-RESTER, or AR-RESTOR, n. One who arrests. a crime. †AR-RIDE, v. t. [L. arrideo.] To laugh at; to please well. Ben Jonson. AR-RIERE, (ar-reer') n. The last body of an army; now called rear, which see. Arriere-ban, or ban and arriereban, a general proclamation of the French kings, by which not only their immediate feudatories, but their vassals, were summoned to take the field for war.-Arrierefee or fief. A fee or fief dependent on a superior fee, or a fee held of a feudatory.-Arriere vassal. The vassal of a vassal. AR-RIVAL, n. 1. The coming to, or reaching a place, from a distance. 2. The attainment or gaining of any object. AR-RIVANCE, n. 1. Company coming. Shak. 2. Arrival; a reaching in progress. Brown. AR-RIVE, v. i. [Fr. arriver.] 1. Literally, to come to the shore, or bank. Hence, to come to or reach in progress by water, followed by at. 2. To come to or reach by traveling on land. 3. To reach a point by progressive motion; to gain or compass by effort, practice, study, enquiry, reasoning or experiment. 4. To happen or occur. AR-ŘÍVE, .t. To reach. Shak. AR-RIVING, ppr. Coming to or reaching, by water or land; gaining by research, effort or study. AR-RODE, v. t. [L. arrodo.] To gnaw or nibble. Dict. AR-ROBA, n. [Arabic.] A weight, in Portugal, of thirtytwo pounds; in Spain, of twenty-five pounds. AR RO-GANCE, n. [L. arrogantia.] The act or quality of taking much upon one's self; that species of pride which consists in exorbitant claims of rank, dignity, estimation or power; proud contempt of others; conceitedness; presumption. AR/RO-GAN-CY, n. Arrogance. [This orthography is less usual.] AR'RO-GANT, a. 1. Assuming; making, or having the disposition to make, exorbitant claims of rank or estimation; giving one's self an undue degree of importance; haughty; conceited. 2. Containing arrogance; marked with arrogance; proceeding from undue claims or selfimportance. due pride or self-importance. AR RO-GANT-NESS, n. Arrogance. [Little used.] ARRO-GATE, v. t. (L. arrogo.] To assume, demand or challenge more than is proper; to make undue claims, from vanity or false pretensions to right or merit. ARRO-GA-TED, PP. Claimed by undue pretensions. AR/RO-GA-TING, ppr. Challenging or claiming more pow. er or respect than is is just or reasonable. AR-RO-GATION, n. The act of arrogating, or making exorbitant claims; the act of taking more than one is just'y entitled to. AR/RO-GA-TIVE, a. Assuming or making undue claims and pretensions. More. AR-RONDIS-MENT, n. [Fr. arrondir.] A circuit; a district; a division or portion of territory in France. AR-ROSION, (ar-rozhun) n. [L. arrodo.] A gnawing ARROW, n. [Sax. arewa.] A missive weapon of offense, straight, slender, pointed and barbed, to be shot with a bow. ARROW-GRASS, n. A plant or genus of plants; the trig lochin. Muhlenberg. ARROW-HEAD, n. 1. The head of an arrow. 2. Sagitta. ria; a genus of aquatic plants. ARROW-ROOT, n. 1. The maranta; a genus of plants, natives of the Indies. 2. The starch of the maranta, or arrow-root, a nutritive medicinal food. ARROW-Y, a. 1. Consisting of arrows. 2. Formed like an arrow. ARSE, n. [Sax. earse.] The buttocks or hind part of an animal. †ARSE FOOT, n. A kind of water-fowl. Dict. ARSE-SMART, n. The vulgar name of a species of polygonum, or knot-grass. ARSE-NAL, n. [Sp. Port. It. Fr.] A repository or magazine of arms and military stores. AR-SENI-AC, or AR-SENI-CAL ACID. Arsenic combined with a greater proportion of oxygen, than in the arsenions acid. AR-SENI-ATE, n. A neutral salt, formed by arsenical acid combined with any metallic, earthy or saline base. ARSENIC, n. [Gr. αρσενικόν ; Fr. arsenic.] A mineral substance which is a virulent poison; vulgarly called ratsbane. AR-SEN/I-CAL, a. Belonging to arsenic; consisting of or containing arsenic. AR-SENI-CATE, v. t. To combine with arsenic AR-SE NI-OUS, a. Pertaining to, or containing arsenic. a base. ARSHINE, n. A Russian measure of more than two feet. AR'SON, (ar'sn) n. [Norm. Fr. arsine, arseun.] In law the malicious burning of a house of another man, which by the common law, is felony. ART. The second person, indicative mode, present tense of the substantive verb am. ART, n. [L. ars, artis.] 1. The disposition or modification of things by human skill, to answer the purpose intended. In this sense, art stands opposed to nature. 2. A system of rules, serving to facilitate the performance of certain actions; opposed to science, or to speculative principles. 3. Skill, dexterity, or the power of performing certain actions, acquired by experience, study or observation. AR-TE-MISI-A, n. Mug-wort, southernwood, and wormwood; a genus of plants. AR-TERI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to an artery or the arteries. 2. Contained in an artery. AR-TE-RI-OTO-ΜΥ, η. [Gr. αρτηρια and τομη.] The opening of an artery for the purpose of letting blood. ARTE-RY, n. [Gr. αρτηρια.] A cylindrical vessel or tube, which conveys the blood from the heart to all parts of the body. There are two principal arteries; the aorta and the pulmonary artery. ART FUL, a. 1. Performed with art or skill. 2. Artificial 3. Cunning; practicing art, or stratagem ; crafty. 4 2 Proceeding from art or craft. ART FUL-LY, adv. With art, or cunning; skilfully; dex trously. ART FUL-NESS, n. Art; craft; cunning; address a. Pertaining to the joints, or to the AR-THRITIЄ, AR-THRITI-CAL, gout; affecting the joints. AR-THRITIS, n. [Gr. αρθριτις.] Any painful disease of the joints; but more particularly, the gout. AR-THRODI-A, n. In anatomy, a species of articulation. ARTIC. This word is, by mistake, used by some authors for arctic. ARTI-CHOKE, n. [Fr. artichaut.] A plant somewhat resembling a thistle. The Jerusalem artichoke is a species of sun-flower. ARTI-CLE, n. [L. articulus.] 1. A single clause in a con tract, account, treaty, or other writing; a particular, sep. arate charge, or item, in an account; a term, condition, or stipulation, in a contract. 2. A point of faith. 3. A 4 distinct part. Paley. 4. A particular commodity, or sub- || †AR'VEL, n. A funeral. Grose. Craven dialect.- Arvel stance.-5. In botany, that part of a stalk or stem, which is between two joints.-6. In grammar, an adjective used before nouns, to limit or define their application; as, hic, ille, ipse, in Latin; δ, ή, το, in Greek; the, this, that, in English; le, la, les, in French; il, la, lo, in Italian. AR'TI-CLE, v. t. 1. To draw up in distinct particulars. 2. To accuse or charge by an exhibition of articles. 3. To bind by articles of covenant or stipulation. AR'TI-CLE, v. i. To agree by articles; to stipulate. AR'TI-CLED, pp. Drawn up in particulars; accused or bound by articles. AR-TICULAR, a. [L. articularis.] Belonging to the joints. AR-TICAU-LATE, a. [L. articalatus.] 1. Formed by jointing, or articulation of the organs of speech; applied to sound 2. Expressed in articles. [Not used.] 3. Jointed; formed with joints. Botany. AR-TICU-LATE, v. t. 1. To utter articulate sounds; to ntter distinct syllables or words. 2. To draw up or write in separate particulars. [Obs.] Shak. 3. To treat, stipulate or make terms. [Obs.] Shak. 4. To joint. Smith. AR-TIEU-LA-TED, pp. 1. Uttered distinctly in syllables or words. 2. Jointed; having joints, as a plant. AR-TICU-LATE-LY, adv. 1. With distinct utterance of syllables or words. 2. Article by article; in detail. Paley. AR-TIEU-LATE-NESS, n. The quality of being articulate. AR-TICU-LA-TING, ppr. Uttering in distinct syllables or words. AR-TIC-U-LATION, n. 1. In anatomy, the joining or juncture of the bones.-2. In botany, the connection of the parts of a plant by joints. 3. The forming of words by the human voice. 4. A consonant. ARTI-FICE, n. [L. artificium.] 1. Stratagem; an artful or ingenious device. In a bad sense, it corresponds with trick, or fraud. 2. Art; trade; skill acquired by science or practice. [Rarely used.] AR-TIFI-CER, n. [L. artifex.] 1. An artist; a mechanic or manufacturer. 2. One who makes or contrives; an inventor. 3. A cunning, or artful fellow. [Not used.] Ben Jonson. AR-TI-FICIAL, a. 1. Made or contrived by art, or by human skill and labor. 2. Feigned; fictitious; not genuine or natural. 3. Contrived with skill or art. 4. Cultivated; not indigenous; not being of spontaneous growth. †AR-TI-FICIAL, n. The production of art. Sir W. Petty. AR-TI-FI-CI-ALI-TY, n. The quality of being artificial; appearance of art. Shenstone. AR-TI-FICIAL-LY, adv. By art, or human skill and contrivance; with art or ingenuity. AR-TI-FI CIAL-NESS, n. The quality of being artificial. †AR-TI-FI/CIOUS, a. Artificial. AR TIL-ISE, or †ARTIZE, v. t. To give the appearance of art to. Bolingbroke. AR-TIL/LE-RY, n. This word has no plural. [Fr. artillerie.] 1. Offensive weapons of war. 2. Cannon; great guns; ordnance. 3. The men who manage cannon and mortars, with the officers, engineers, and persons who supply the artillery with implements and materials. ARTI-SAN, n. [Fr. See ART.] An artist; one skilled in any art, mystery or trade; a handicrafts-man; a mechanic; a tradesman. ARTIST, n. [Fr. artiste.] 1. One skilled in an art or trade; one who is master or professor of a manual art; a good workman in any trade. 2. A skilful man; not a novice. 3. In an academical sense, a proficient in the faculty of arts; a philosopher. 4. One skilled in the fine arts; as a painter, sculptor, architect, &c. ARTLESS, a. 1. Unskilful; wanting art, or skill. 2. Free from guile, art, craft or stratagem; simple; sincere; unaffected; undesigning. 3. Contrived without skill or art. ARTLESS-LY, adv. 1. Without art or skill; in an artless manner. 2. Without guile; naturally. ARTLESS-NESS, n. The quality of being void of art or guile; simplicity, sincerity; unaffectedness. AR'TO-TY-RITE, n. [Gr. αρτος and τυρος.] One of a sect of heretics, ir. the primitive church, who celebrated the eucharist wit. bread and cheese. +ARTS-MAN, n. A learned man. Shak. AR-UN-DELI-AN, 4. Pertaining to Arundel; as, Arundelian ımarbles. A-RUN-DI-NACEOUS, a. [L. arundo.] Pertaining to a reed; resembling the reed or cane. AR-UN-DIN/E-OUS, a. Abounding with reeds. A-RURA, n. [Gr. αρουρα.] A piece of ground; a plowed field; a Grecian measure. A-RUS'PEX, n. [L.] A soothsayer. Dryden. A-RUS/PICE, n. Written also haruspice. [L. aruspex, or haruspez.] A priest, in ancient Rome, whose business it was to inspect the entrails of victims killed in sacrifice, and by them to foretell future events. A-RUS/PI-CY, n. The act of prognosticating by inspection of the entrails of beasts slain in sacrifice supper. The feast made at northern funerals. Arvel bread. Cakes given at funerals. Grose. AS, adv. [G. and D. als.] 1. Laterally, like; even; simi lar; in like manner; as, do as you are commanded. 2 It was formerly used where we now use that. Obs. 3. It was formerly used for as if. Obs. 4. While; during; at the same time. "He trembled as he spoke." As, in a subsequent part of a sentence, answers to such; give s such things as you please. AS, n. [L.] 1. A Roman weight of 12 ounces, answering to the libra or pound. 2. A Roman coin. 3. An integer, a whole. AS'A A corruption of lasar, an ancient name of a gum See OOZE. AS/A-DUL/CIS. The same as benzoin. AS'A-FETI-DA, n. [asa, and L. fætidus.] A fetid gumresin, from the East Indies. AS-A-RA-BACCA, n. [L. asarum.] A plant. AS-BES/TINE, a. Pertaining to asbestus, or partaking of its nature and qualities; incombustible. AS-BESTI-NÍTE, n. The actinolite, or strahlstein.-Calciferous asbestinite; a variety of steatite. AS-BES'TUS, or AS-BESTOS, n. [Gr. ασβεστος.] Amineral, which has frequently the appearance of a vegetable substance. It is always fibrous, and its fibres are some times delicate, flexible, and elastic; at other times, stiff and brittle. It is incombustible, and has been wrought into a soft, flexible cloth, which was formerly used as a shroud for dead bodies. AS-CA'RIS, n.; plu. ASCAR'IDES. [Gr.] In zoology, a genus of intestinal worms. AS-CEND, v. i. [L. ascendo 1. To move upwards; to mount; to go up; to rise. 2. To rise, in a figurative sense; to proceed from an inferior to a superior degree, from mean to noble objects, from particulars to generals, &c. 3. To proceed from modern to ancient times; to recur to former ages; to proceed in a line towards ancestors. 4. In music, to rise in vocal utterance; to pass from any note to one more acute. AS-CEND, v. t. To go or move upwards upon; as, to as cend a hill; to climb. AS-CEND/A-BLE, a. That may be ascended. AS-CEND ANT, n. 1. Superiority or commanding influ ence. 2. An ancestor, or one who precedes in genealogy, or degrees of kindred; opposed to descendant. 3. Height; elevation. [Little used.] Temple. 4. In astrology, that degree of the ecliptic which rises above the horizon at the time of one's birth. That part of the ecliptic at any particular time above the horizon, supposed to have influence on a person's life and fortune. AS-CENDANT, a. 1. Superior; predominant; surpassing. -2. In astrology, above the horizon. AS-CENDED, pp. or a. Risen; mounted up; gone to heaven. AS-CENDEN-CY, n. Power; governing or controlling in fluence. AS-CENDING, ppr. Rising; moving upwards; proceeding from the less to the greater; proceeding from modern to ancient, from grave to more acute.-Ascending latitude is the latitude of a planet, when moving towards the north pole.-Ascending node is that point of a planet's orbit, wherein-it passes the ecliptic to proceed northward. AS-CEN'SION, n. [L. ascensio.] 1. The act of ascending; a rising. It is frequently applied to the visible elevation of our Savior to heaven. 2. The thing ascending. [Not authorized.] AS-CENSION-DAY, n. A festival held on Holy Thursday, in commemoration of our Savior's ascension into heaven, after his resurrection. Ascensional difference is the difference between the right and oblique ascension of the same point on the surface of the sphere. AS-CEN SIVE, a. Rising; tending to rise, or causing to rise. Journ. of Science. AS-CENT', n. [L. ascensus.] 1. The act of rising; motion upwards; rise; a mounting upwards. 2. The way by which one ascends; the means of ascending. 3. An em inence, hill or high place. 4. The degree of elevation of an object, or the angle it makes with a horizontal line. 5. Acclivity; the rise of a hill. AS-CER-TAIN', v. t. [L. ad certum.] 1. To make certain; to define or reduce to precision, by removing obscurity or ambiguity. 2. To make certain, by trial, examination or experiment, so as to know what was before unknown. 3. To make sure by previous measures. 4. To fix; to establish with certainty; to render invariable. AS-CER-TAINIA-BLE, a. That may be made certain in fact, or reduced to certainty. AS-CER-TAINED, (as-ser-tand) pp. Made certain; defined; established; reduced to a certainty. AS-CER-TAINER, n. The person who ascertains or makes certain. AS-CER-TAINING, ppr. Making certain; fixing; establish ing; reducing to a certainty; obtaining certain knowledge |