Ing a person with a large head, a dunce. Bailey says, a rattling, noisy, empty fellow. CHUD, v. t. To champ; to bite. Stafford. CHUET, n. Forced meat. Bacon. CHUFF, n. A clown; a coarse, heavy, dull or surly fellow. CHUFF 1-LY, adv. In a rough, surly manner; clownishly. CHUFFI-NESS, n. Surliness. CHUFFY, a. Blunt; clownish; surly; angry; stomachful. In New England, this word expresses that displeasure which causes a swelling or surly look and grumbling, rather than heat and violent expressions of anger. CHUK, n. A word used in calling swine. CHUM, n. [Arm. chomm.] A chamber-fellow; one who lodges or resides in the same room; a word used in colleges. CHUM, v. i. [from the noun.] To occupy a chamber with another; used in American colleges. CHUMP, n. A short, thick, heavy piece of wood, less than || a block. Johnson. CHUNK, n A short, thick block, or bit of wood; a colloquial word in America. CHURCH, n. [Sax. circe, circ, or cyric; Scots, kirk.] 1. A house consecrated to the worship of God, among Christians; the Lord's house. 2. The collective body of Christians, or of those who profess to believe in Christ. In this sense, the church is sometimes called the catholic or universal church. 3. A particular number of Christians, united under one form of ecclesiastical government, in one creed, and using the same ritual and ceremonies. 4 The followers of Christ in a particular city or province. 5. The disciples of Christ assembled for worship in a particular place, as in a private house. 6. The worshipers of Jehovah, or the true God, before the advent of Christ. 7. The body of clergy, or ecclesiastics, in distinction from the laity. Hence, ecclesiastical authority. 8. An assembly of sacred rulers, convened in Christ's name, to execute his laws. 9. The collective body of Christians, who have made a public profession of the Christian religion, and who are united under the same pastor, in distinction from those who belong to the same parish, or ecclesiastical society, but have made no profession of their faith. CHURCH, v. t. To perform with any one the office of returning thanks in the church, after any signal deliverance, as from the dangers of childbirth. CHURCH-ALE, n. A wake or feast commemoratory of the dedication of the church. CHURCH-AT-TIRE', n. The habit in which men officiate in divine service. CHURCH-AU-THORITY, n. Ecclesiastical power; spiritual jurisdiction. CHURCH-BENCH, n. The seat in the porch of a church. CHURCH-BU-RI-AL, n. Burial according to the rites of the church. CHURCH-FOUND-ER, n. He that builds or endows a church. Hooker. CHURCH-HISTO-RY, n. History of the Christian church; ecclesiastical history. CHURCHING, n. The act of offering thanks in church after childbirth. CHURCH-LAND, n. Land belonging to a church. CHURCH MAN, n. 1. An ecclesiastic or clergyman; one who ministers in sacred things. 2. An Episcopalian, as distinguished from a Presbyterian or Congregationalist, &c. CHURCH-MEMBER, n. Á member in communion with a church; a professor of religion. CHURCH-MUSIC, n. 1. The service of singing or chanting in a church. 2. Music suited to church service. CHURCH-PRE-FER/MENT, n. Benefice in the church. CHURCH'SHIP, n. Institution of the church. CHURCH-WARDEN, n. A keeper or guardian of the church, and a representative of the parish. CHURCH-WAY, n. The way, street or road that leads to the church. CHURCH-WORK, n. Work carried on slowly. CHURCH-YARD, n. The ground adjoining to a church, in which the dead are buried; a cemetery. CHURL, n. [Sax. ceorl.] 1. A rude, surly, ill-bred man. 2 A rustic; a countryman, or laborer. 3. A miser; a niggard. CHURLISH, a. 1. Rude; surly; austere; sullen; rough in temper; unfeeling; uncivil. 2. Selfish; narrow-minded; avaricious. 3. Unpliant; unyielding; cross-grained; harsh; unmanageable. 4. Hard; firm. 5. Obstinate. CHURLISH-LY, adv Rudely; roughly; in a churlish manner. CHURL/ISH-NESS, n Rudeness of manners or temper; sullenness; austerity; indisposition to kindness or cour tesy. CHURLY, a. Rude; boisterous. † CHURME, or CHIRM, n. [Sax. cyrm.] Noise; clamor, or confused noise. Bacon. CHURN, n. [Sax. ciern.] A vessel in which cream or milk is agitated for separating the oily part from the caseous and serous parts, to make butter. CHURN, v. t. 1. To stir or agitate cream for making butter 2. To shake or agitate with violence or continued motion, as in the operation of making butter. CHURNED, pp. Agitated; made into butter. CHURNING, ppr. Agitating to make butter; shaking; stirring. CHURNING, n. 1. The operation of making butter from cream by agitation; a shaking or stirring. 2. As much butter as is made at one operation. CHURN-STAFF, n. The staff or instrument used in churning. CHURR WORM, n. [Sax. cyrran.] An insect that turns about nimbly, called also a fancricket. CHUSE. See CHOOSE. CHOSITE, n. A yellowish mineral. CHY-LA CEOUS, a. Belonging to chyle; consisting of chyle. CHYLE, n. [Gr. χυλος.] In animal bodies, a white or milky fluid, separated from aliments by means of digestion. CHYL-I-FACTION, n. [chyle, and L. facio.] The act or process by which chyle is formed from food in animal bodies. CHYL-I-FAC/TIVE, a. Forming or changing into chyle; having the power to make chyle. CHYL-I-FI-CA/TO-RY, a. Making chyle. CHY-LIFER-OUS, a. [L. chylus and fero.] Bearing or transmitting chyle. CHY-LO-PO-EΤΙΕ, α. [Gr. χυλος and ποιεω.] Chylifactive; having the power to change into chyle; making chyle. CHYLOUS, a. Consisting of chyle, or partaking of it. CHYME, n. [Gr. χυμος.] That particular modification which food assumes after it has undergone the action of the stomach. ЄНҮМІЄ, CHYMIST, CHYMIS-TRY. See CHEMICAL, CHEMIST, CHEMISTRY. CHYM-I-FI-CATION, n. The process of becoming or being formed into chyle. CHYMI-FY, v. [L. chymus and facio.] To form or become chyme. CI-BARI-OUS, a. [L. cibarius.] Pertaining to food; useful for food; edible. CIBOL, n. [Fr. ciboule; L. cepula.] A sort of small onion. CI-CA'DA, n. [L.] The frog-hopper, or flea-locust. CIC/A-TRIC-LE, n. [L. cicatricula.] The germinating or fetal point in the embryo of a seed or the yelk of an egg. CICA-TRI-SIVE, a. Tending to promote the formation of a cicatrix. CICA-TRIX, or CIC/A-TRICE, n. [L. cicatriz; Fr. cicatrice. A scar; a little seam or elevation of flesh remaining after a wound or ulcer is healed. CICA-TRI-ZANT, n. A medicine or application that promotes the formation of a cicatrix. CIC-A-TRI-ZATION, n. The process of healing or forming a cicatrix; or the state of being healed, cicatrized, or skinned over. CICA-TRIZE, v. t. To heal, or induce the formation of a cicatrix in wounded or ulcerated flesh; or to apply medicines for that purpose. CICA-TRIZE, v. i. To heal or be healed; to skin over; as, wounded flesh cicatrizes. CICA-TRIZED, pp. Healed, as wounded flesh; having a cicatrix formed. CICA-TRIZ-ING, ppr. Healing; skinning over; forming a cicatrix. CICE-LY, n. A plant, a species of charophyllum CIC-E-RONE, n. [from Cicero.] A guide; one who explains curiosities. Addison. CIC-E-RONI-AN, a. Resembling Cicero. CIC-E-RONI-AN-ISM, n. Imitation or resemblance of the style or action of Cicero. CI-CHO-RACEOUS, a. [from L. cichorium.] Having the qualities of succory. CICH PEASE, (chik/peez) n. A plant. CIC-IS-BEISM, n. The practice of dangling about females CIC-IS-BE/O, n. [It.] A dangler about females. Smollett. CIC/U-RATE, v. t. [L. cicuro.] To tame; to reclaim from wildness. [Little used.] CIC-U-RATION, n. The act of taming wild animals. [L. u.] CI-CUTA, n. [L. cicuta.] Water-hemlock, a plant whose root is poisonous. CID, n. [Sp.] A chief; a commander. CIDER, n. [Fr. cidre, or sidre.] The juice of apples expressed, a liquor used for drink. The word was formerly used to signify also other strong liquors. 10 CI-DER-IST, п. A maker of cider. Mortimer. CI'DER-KIN, n. The liquor made of the gross matter of apples, after the cider is pressed out. CIELING. See CEILING. CIERGE, n. [Fr.] A candle carried in processions. CI-LICIOUS, a. Made or consisting of hair. CIMAR. See CHIMERE, and SIMAR. CIM/BAL, n. [It. ciambella.] A kind of cake. CIM BRIC, n. The language of the Cimbri. value belonging to a church. Dict. CIMISS, n. [L. cimez.] The bug. CIMI-TER, n. [Fr. cimiterre; Sp. and Port. cimitarra; It. scimitarra.] A short sword with a convex edge or recurvated point, used by the Persians and Turks. CIM-MERI-AN, a. Pertaining to Cimmerium. CIMO-LITE, n. [Gr. κιμολια.] A species of clay, used by the ancients as a remedy for erysipelas and other inflammations. CIN-CHONA, n. The Peruvian bark, quinquina. CINCTURE, n. [L. cinctura.] 1. A belt, a girdle, or something worn round the body. 2. That which encompasses, or incloses. 3. In architecture, a ring or list at the top and bottom of a column, separating the shaft at one end from the base; at the other, from the capital. CINDER, n. chiefly used in the plu., cinders. [Fr. cendre.] 1. Small coals or particles of fire mixed with ashes; embers. 2. Small particles of matter, remaining after combustion, in which fire is extinct. CIN'DER-WENCH, (n. A woman whose business is to CIN DER-WOMAN, rake into heaps of ashes for cinders. CIN-ER-A/TION, n. The reducing of any thing to ashes by combustion. CIN-E RE-OUS, a. [L. cinereus.] Like ashes; having the color of the ashes of wood. CIN-E-RITIOUS, a. [L. cinericius.] Having the color or consistence of ashes. CIN-ER/U-LENT, a. Full of ashes. CIN/GLE, n. [L. cingulum.] A girth; but the word is little used. See SURCINGLE. CIN'NA-BAR, n. [Gr. κινναβαρι; L. cinnabaris.] Red sulphuret of mercury. CIN'NA-BA-RINE, a. Pertaining to cinnabar; consisting of cinnabar, or containing it. CIN/NA-MON, η. [Gr. κινναμον, οι κινναμωμον ; L. cinnamomum.] The bark of two species of laurus. The true cinnamon is the inner bark of the laurus cinnamomum, a native of Ceylon, and is a most grateful aromatic. CINQUE, (sink) n. [Fr., five.] A five; a word used in CINQUE-SPOT-TED, a. Having five spots. Shak. CION, n. [F: cion, or scion.] 1. A young shoot, twig or sprout of a tree, or plant, or rather the cutting of a twig, intended for ingrafting on another stock; also, the shoot or slip inserted in a stock for propagation. CIPHER, n. [Fr. chiffre.] 1. In arithmetic, an Arabian or Oriental character, of this form, 0, which, standing by itself, expresses nothing, but increases or diminishes the value of other figures, according to its position. 2. A enaracter in general. 3. An intertexture of letters, as the initials of a name; a device; an enigmatical character. 4 A secret or disguised manner of writing; certain characters arbitrarily invented and agreed on by two or more persons, to stand for letters or words, and understood only by the persons who invent, or agree to use them. CIPHER, v. i. In popular language, to use figures, or to practice arithmetic. (TPHER, v. t. 1. To write in occult characters. 2. To designate; to characterize. CIR/CI-NAL, a. [L. circinus.] Rolled in spirally downwards, the tip occupying the centre; a term in foliation or leafing, as in ferns. CIR/CI-NATE, v. t. [L. circino.] To make a circle; te compass. CIR-CI-NATION, n. An orbicular motion. CIRCLE, n. [Fr. cercle; It. circolo; L. circulus.] 1. In geometry, a plane figure comprehended by a single curve fine, called its circumference, every part of which is equally distant from a point called the centre.-2. In popular use, the line that comprehends the figure, the plane or surface comprehended, and the whole body or solid matter of a round substance, are denominated a circle; a ring; an orb; the earth. 3. Compass; circuit; a terri torial division. 4. An assembly surrounding the principal person. 5. A series ending where it begins, and perpetu ally repeated; a going round. 6. Circumlocution; indirect forin of words.-7. In logic, an inconclusive form of argument, when the same terms are proved in orbem by the same terms, and the parts of the syllogism alternately by each other, directly and indirectly. CIRCLE, v. t. 1. To move round; to revolve round. 2. To encircle; to encompass; to surround; to inclose.-3. To circle in, to confine; to keep together. CIRCLE, v. i. To move circularly. †CIR CLY, a. In the form of a circle. Huloet. CIR/CO-CELE, n. [Gr. κρισσος, or κρισος, and κηλη.] Α να rix, or dilatation of the spermatic vein; a varicocele, hernia varicosa. CIRCUIT, (sur/kit) n. [Fr. circuit.] 1. The act of moving or passing round. 2. The space inclosed in a circle, or within certain limits. 3. Any space or extent measurea by traveling round. 4. That which encircles; a ring; d diadem. 5. The journey of judges for the purpose of holding courts. 6. The counties or states in which th same judge or judges hold courts and administer justice 7. A long deduction of reason.-8. In law, a longer course of proceedings than is necessary to recover the thing sueg for. CIRCUIT, v... To move in a circle; to go round. Prilips CIRCUIT, v. t. To move or go round. Warton. CIR-CUIT-EER', n. One that travels a circuit. Pope. CIR-CU-ITION, n. [L. circuitio.] The act of going round; compass; circumlocution. [Little used.] Hooker. cuit; not direct. CIR-COI-TOUS, (sur-ku/e-tus) a. Going round in a cirCIR-CUT-TOUS-LY, (sur-küle-tus-ly) adv. In a cir cuit. CIR-CUT-TY, n. A going round; a course not direct. CIR/CU-LAR, n. A circular letter, or paper. CIR/CU-LATE, v.. [Fr. circuler; L. circulo.] 1. To move in a circle; to move or pass round; to move round, and return to the same point. 2. To pass from place to place, from person to person, or from hand to hand; to be diffused. 3. To move round; to run; to flow in veins or channels, or in an inclosed place. CIR CU-LATE, v. t. To cause to pass from place to place, or from person to person; to put about; to spread. CİR-CU-LATION, n. 1. The act of moving round, or in a circle, or in a course which brings, or tends to bring, the moving body to the point where its motion began. 2. A series in which the same order is preserved, and things return to the same state. 3. The act of going and returning, or of passing from place to place, or from person to person 4. Currency; circulating coin, or notes or bills current for coin. 5. In chemistry, circulation is an operation by which the same vapor, raised by fire, falls back to be returned and distilled several times. CIPHER-ING, ppr. 1. Using figures, or practicing arithmetic. 2. Writing in occult characters. CIPO-LIN, n. [qu. It. cipolla.] A green marble. CIRC. See CIRCUS. in Rome. CIR-CEAN, a. Pertaining to Circe. CIR-CEN/SIAN, a. [L. circenses.] Pertaining to the circus, CIR-CU-LA-TORI-OUS, 4. Traveling in a circuit, or from house to house. [Little used] CORCU-LA-TO-RY, a. 1. Circular. 2. Circulating. act of surrounding, or encompassing. CIR-CUM-AM'BU-LATE, v. i [L. circumambulo.] To walk CIR-CUM-CELLION, n. In church history, a set of illite- CIRCUM-CISE, v. t. [L. circumcido.] To cut off the prepuce or foreskin; a ceremony or rite in the Jewish and Mohammedan religions. CIRCUM-CIS-ER, n. One who performs circumcision. CIR-CUM-CISION, n. The act of outting off the prepuce or foreskin. CIR-CUM-CUR-SATION, n. [L. circum and curso.] The act of running about. CIR-CUM-DUCT', v. t. [L. circumduco.] To contravene; CIR-CUM-DUCTION, n. 1. A leading about. [Little used.] round. Bacon. CIR-CUM FE-RENCE, n. [L. circumferentia.] 1. The line that bounds a circle; the exterior line of a circular body; the whole exterior surface of a round body; a periphery. 2. The space included in a circle. 3. An orb; a circle; any thing circular or orbicular. CIR-CUM FE-RENCE, v. t. To include in a circular space. Brown. CIR-CUM-FE-RENTIAL, a. Pertaining to the circum ference. Parkhurst. CİR-CUM-FE-REN/TOR, n. An instrument used by surveyors for taking angles. CIRCUM-FLEX, n. [L. circumflexus.] In grammar, an accent serving to note or distinguish a syllable of an intermediate sound between acute and grave; marked in Greek thus CIRCUM-FLEX, v. t. To mark or pronounce with the ac- CIR-CUM FLU-ENCE, n. [L. circumfluens.] A flowing CİR-CUM FLU-OUS, a. [L. circumfluus.] Flowing round; CIR-CUM-FUSE', v. t. [L. circumfusus.] 1. To pour round; CIR-CUM-FOSILE, a. [L. circum and fusilis.] That may be poured or spread round. CIR-CUM-FUSION, n. The act of pouring or spreading round; the state of being poured round. CIR-CUM GY-RATE, or CIR-CUM-GYRE, v. t. [L. cir- round. Dict. CIR-CUM-JACENT, a. [L. circumjacens.] Lying round; bordering on every side. CIR-CUM-LI-GATION, n. [L. circumligo.] The act of binding round; the bond with which any thing is encompassed. CIR-CUM-LO-COTION, n. [L. circumlocutio.] A circuit or compass of words; a periphrase; the use of a number of words to express an idea instead of a single term. CIR-CUM-LOC/U-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to circumlocution; consisting or contained in a compass of words; periphrastic. CIR-CUM-MORED, a. [L. circum and murus.] Walled round; encompassed with a wall.. CIR-CUM-NAVI-GA-BLE, a. That may be sailed round. Ray. CIR-CUM-NAVI-GATE, v. t. [L. circumnavigo.] To sail CIR-CUM-NAV-I-GATION, n. The act of sailing round. CIR-CUM-PLI-CA/TION, n. [L. circumplico.] A folding, ped. [Little used.] CIR-CUM-RA/SION, n. [L. circumrasio.] The act of shaving or paring round. [Little used.] CİR-CUM-ROTA-KY, a. Turning, rolling or whirling round. Shenstone. CİR-CUM-RO-TATION, n. [L. circum and rotatio.] The act of rolling or revolving round, as a wheel; circumvolution; the state of being whirled round. CiR-CUM-SCRIBE, v. t. [L. circumscribo.] 1. To inclose CIR-CUM-SCRIBED, (sur-kum-skribd') pp. Drawn round, CIR-CUM-SCRIPTI-BLE, a. That may be circumscribed CIR-CUM-SCRIPTION, n. 1. The line that limits; limi tation; bound; confinement.-2. In natural philosophy the termination or limits of a body. 3. A circular inscrip tion. CİR-CUM-SCRIPTIVE, a. Defining the external form marking or inclosing the limits or superficies of a body. CIR-CUM-SCRIPTIVE-LY, adv. In a limited manner. Montagu. CIRCUM-SPECT, a. [L. circumspectus.] Cautious; pru † CIRCUM-SPECT, v. t. To examine carefully CIR CUM-SPECT-NESS, n. Caution; circumspection; vig- CİR CUM-STANCE, n. [L. circumstantia.] 1. Something attending, appendant, or relative to a fact, or case; a particular thing, which, though not essential to an action, in some way affects it. 2. The adjuncts of a fact, which make it more or less criminal, or make an accusation more or less probable; accident; something adventitious incident; event. 3. Circumstances, in the plural, condi tion, in regard to wordly estate; state of property. † CIRCUMSTANCE, v. t. To place in a particular situa- CIRCUM-STANCED, pp. or a. Placed in a particular man- CİR-CUM-STANTIAL, a. 1. Attending; relating to; but CIR-CUM-STANTIAL, n. Circumstantials are things incident to the main subject. CIR-CUM-STAN-TIALI-TY n. 1. The appendage of circumstances; the state of any thing as modified by circumstances. 2. Particularity in exhibiting circumstances. minuteness. CIR-CUM-STANTIAJ -LY, adv. 1. According to circumstances; not essentially; accidentally. 2. Minutely; exactly; in every circumstance or particular. CIR-CUM-STANTIATE, v. t. 1. To place in particular CİR-CUM-TER-RA/NE-OUS, a. [L. circum and terra.] CİR-CUM-VAL LATE, v. t. To surround with a rampart. CIR-CUM-VAL-LATION, n. [L. circumvallo.] 1. In the art of war, a surrounding with a wall or rampart; also a wall, rampart, or parapet with a trench, surrounding the camp of a besieging army. 2. The rampart, or fortifica tion surrounding a besieged place. † CIR-CUM-VECTION, n. [L. circum and vehe] A carrying about. CIR-CUM-VENT', v. t. [L. circumvenio.] To gain advan tage over another, or to accomplish a purpose, by arts stratagem, or deception; to deceive; to prevail over another by wiles or fraud; to delude; to impose on. CIR-CUM-VENTED, pp. Deceived by craft or stratagem, deluded. CIR-CUM-POLAR, a. About the pole. CIR-CUM-PO-SITION, n. The act of placing in a circle; CIR-CUM-VENTING, ppr. Deceiving; imposing on. or the state of being so placed. CIR-CUM-VENTION, n. 1. The act of prevailing over CIR-CUM-VENTIVE, a. Deceiving by artifices; deluding. CİR-CUM-VEST', v. t. [L. circumvestio.] To cover round, as with a garment. Wotton. CIR-CUM-VO-LATION, n. [L. circumvolo.] The act of flying round. [Little used.] CIR-CUM-VO-LUTION, n. 1. The act of rolling round; the state of being rolled; also, the thing rolled round another. 2. In architecture, the torus of the spiral line of the Ionic order. CİR-CUM-VOLVE, (sur-kum-volv1) v. t. [L. circumvolvo.] To roll round; to cause to revolve; to put into a circular motion. CIR-CUM-VOLVE, v. i. To roll round; to revolve. CİR-CUM-VOLVED, (sur-kum-volvd) pp. Rolled round; moved in a circular manner. CIR-CUM-VOLVING, ppr. Rolling round; revolving. CIRCUS, n.; plu. CIRCUSES. [L.] 1. In antiquity, a round or oval edifice, used for the exhibition of games and shows to the people. 2. The open area, or space inclosed, in which were exhibited games and shows. 3. In modern times, a circular inclosure for the exhibition of feats of horsemanship CİRL, n. An Italian bird about the size of a sparrow. CIR-RIFIER-OUS, a. [L. cirrus and fero.] Producing tendrils or claspers, as a plant. CIR ROUS, a. [L. cirrus.] Terminating in a cirrus, curl or tendril CIS-ALPINE, a. [L. cis and Alpes.] On this side of the CIS PA-DANE, a. [L. cis and Padus.] On this side of the † CISSOR. See CIZAR and SCISSOR. CIST, n. A case. See Crsy, the proper orthography. dictine. CISTERN, n. [L. cisterna.] 1. An artificial reservoir or receptacle for holding water, beer or other liquor, as in domestic uses, distilleries and breweries. 2. A natural reservoir; a hollow place containing water; as a fountain or lake. CISTIC. See CYSTIC. CISTUS, n. [Gr. κιστος.] The rock-rose. Encyc. CIT, n. [contracted from citizen.] A citizen, in a low sense; an inhabitant of a city; a pert townsman; a pragmatical trader. Pope. GIT/A-DEL, n. [Fr. citadelle; It. cittadella.] A fortress or castle, in or near a city, intended for its defense; a place of arms. CITAL, n. 1. Reproof; impeachment; [little used.] Shak. 2. Summons; citation; quotation; [little used.] CI-TATION, n. [L. citatio.] 1. A summons; an official call or notice, given to a person, to appear in a court. 2. Quotation; the act of citing a passage from a book. 3. Enumeration; mention. CITA-TO-RY, a. Citing; calling; having the power or form of citation. CITE, v. t. [L. cito.] 1. To call upon officially, or authoritatively; to summon; to give legal or official notice, as to a defendant to appear in court. 2. To enjoin; to direct; to summon; to order or urge. 3. To quote; to name or repeat, as a passage or the words of another, either from a book or from verbal communication. 4. To call or name, in support, proof or confirmation. CITER, n. 1. One who cites or summons into court. 2. One who quotes a passage or the words of another. CITESS, n. A city woman. [Little used.] CITH-A-RISTIC, a. [L. cithara.] Pertaining to or adapted to the harp. CITH/ERN, n. [L. cithara.] A stringed musical instrument, among the ancients. CITI-CISM, n. The manners of a cit or citizen. CITI-ZEN, (sit/e-zn) n. [Fr. citoyen.] 1. A native of a city, or an inhabitant who enjoys the freedom and privileges of the city in which he resides. 2. A townsman; a man of trade; not a gentleman. 3. An inhabitant; a dweller in any city, town or place. 4. In a general sense, a native or permanent resident in a city or country.5. In the U. States, a person, native or naturalized, who has the privilege of exercising the elective franchise, and of purchasing and holding real estate. CITI-ZEN, a. Having the qualities of a citizen. CITI-ZEN-IZE, v. t. To make a citizen; to admit to the rights and privileges of a citizen. Pickering. CITI-ZEN-SHIP, n. The state of being vested with the rights and privileges of a citizen. CITRATE, n. [L. citrus.] In chemistry, a neutral salt, formed by a union of the citric acid with a base. The onion yields citrate of lime. Ure. CITRIC, a. Belonging to lemons or limes; as citric acid. CITRON-TREE, n. The tree which produces the citron, † CITRUL, n. The pompion or pumpkin. CITY, n. [Fr. cité; It. citta.] 1. In a general sense, & large town. 2. In a more appropriate sense, a corporate town; a town or collective body of inhabitants, incorporated and governed by particular officers, as a mayor and aldermen. In Great Britain, a town corporate, that has a bishop and a cathedral church. 3. The collective body of citizens, or the inhabitants of a city. CITY, a. Pertaining to a city. Shak. CITY-COURT, n. The municipal court of a city, consist. ing of the mayor or recorder and aldermen. U. States. CIVES, n. [Fr. cive.] A species of leek, of the genus al lium. CIVET, n. [Fr. civette.) A substance, of the consistence of butter or honey, taken from a bag under the tail of the civet-cat. It is used as a perfume. CIVET-CAT, n. The animal that produces civet, a species of viverra. CIVIC, a. [L. civicus.] Literally, pertaining to a city or citizen; relating to civil affairs or honors. † CIVIC-AL, a. Belonging to civil honors. CIVIL, a. [L. civilis.] 1. Relating to the community, or to the policy and government of the citizens and subjects of a state. 2. Relating to any man as a member of a community. 3. Reduced to order, rule and government; under a regular administration; implying some refinement of manners; not savage or wild. 4. Civilized; courteous; complaisant; gentle and obliging; well-bred; affable; kind; having the manners of a city. 5. Grave; sober; not gay or showy. 6. Complaisant; polite; a popular colloquial use of the word-7. Ciril death, in law, is that which cuts off a man from civil society.-8. Civil law, in a general sense, the law of a state, city or country; but in an appropriate sense, the Roman law.-9. Civil list, the officers of civil government, who are paid from the public treasury.-10. Civil state, the whole body of the laity or citizens, not included under the military, maritime and ecclesiastical states.-11. Civil war, a war between people of the same state or city.-12. Civil year, the legal year, or annual account of time which a government appoints to be used in its own dominions.-13. Civil architecture, the architecture which is employed in constructing buildings for the purposes of civil life. CI-VILIAN, n. 1. One who is skilled in the Roman law; a professor or doctor of civil law. 2. In a more extended sense, one who is versed in law and government. 3. A student of the civil law at the university. † CIVIL-IST, n. A civilian. CI-VILI-TY, n. [L. civilitas.] 1. The state of being civilized; refinement of manners; applied to nations. Spenser. 2. Good breeding; politeness; complaisance; courtesy; decorum of behavior in the treatment of others, accompanied with kind offices. Civility respects manners of external deportment, and, in the plural, civilities denote acts of politeness. CIV-IL-I-ZATION, n. 1. The act of civilizing, or the state of being civilized. 2. The act of rendering a criminal process civil; [not used.] CIVIL-IZE, v. t. [It. civilizzare; Fr. civiliser.] To reclaim from a savage state; to introduce civility of manners among a people, and instruct them in the arts of regular life. CIVIL-IZED, pp. Reclaimed from savage life and manners; instructed in arts, learning and civil manners. CIVIL-IZ-ER, n. 1. One who civilizes; he that reclaims others from a wild and savage life, and teaches them the rules and customs of civility. 2. That which reclaims from savageness. CIVIL-IZ-ING, ppr. Reclaiming from savage life; instructing in arts and civility of manners. CIVIL-LY, adv. 1. In a manner relating to government, os to the rights or character of a member of the community 2. In a manner relating to private rights. 3. Not natu rally, but in law. 4. Politely; complaisantly; gently with due decorum; courteously. 5. Without gaudy cos ors, or finery; [obs.] CIVISM, n. [L. civis.] Love of country; patriotism UIZ AR, 0. 2. To clip with scissors. Beaumont. CIZAR. See SCISSORS. CIZE, for SIZE, is not in use. CLAB/BER, or BON'NY-CLAB/BER, n. Milk turned, become thick or inspissated. CLACK, v. i. [Fr. claquer.] 1. To make a sudden, sharp noise, as by striking or cracking; to clink; to click. 2. To utter words rapidly and continually, or with sharp, abrupt sounds; to let the tongue run. CLACK, n. [W clec.] 1. A sharp, abrupt sound, continually repeated, such as is made by striking an object, or by bursting or cracking; continual talk. 2. The instrument that strikes the hopper of a grist-mill, to move or shake it, for discharging the corn. And, according to Johnson, a bell that rings when more corn is required to be put in. CLACK-DISH, n. A beggar's dish, with a movable cover, which they clack. Shak. CLACK'ER, n. One that clacks; that which clacks. CLACKING, ppr. Making a sharp, abrupt sound, continually repeated; talking continually; tattling; rattling with the tongue. CLACKING, n. A prating. CLAD, pp. [See CLOTHE.] Clothed; invested; covered as with a garment. CLAIM, v. t. [L. clamo.] 1. To call for; to ask or seek to obtain, by virtue of authority, right or supposed right; to challenge as a right; to demand as due. 2. To assert, or maintain as a right. 3. To have a right or title to. 4. To proclaim; [obs.] 5. To call or name; [obs.] CLAIM, n. A demand of a right or supposed right; a calling on another for something due, or supposed to be due. 2. A right to claim or demand; a title to any debt, privilege or other thing in possession of another. 3. The thing claimed or demanded. 4. A loud call; [obs.] Spenser. CLAIM'A-BLE, 4. That may be demanded as due. CLAIM ANT, n. 1. A person who claims; one who demands any thing as his right. 2. A person who has a right to claim or demand. CLAIMED, pp. Demanded as due; challenged as a right; asserted; maintained. CLAIMER, n. A claimant; one who demands as due. CLAIMING, ppr. Demanding as due; challenging as a right; asserting; maintaining; having a right to demand. CLAIR-OB-SCURE. See CLARE-OBSCURE. CLAM, v. t. [Sax. clomian.] To clog with glutinous or vis cous matter. CLAM, v. i. To be moist. [Little used.] CLAM BER, v. i. To climb with difficulty, or with hands and feet. CLAM'BER-ING, ppr. Climbing with effort and labor. CLAM'MI-NESS, n. The state of being viscous; viscosity; stickiness; tenacity of a soft substance. CLAM'MY, a. Thick, viscous, adhesive; soft and sticky; glutinous; tenacious. CLAMOR, n. [L. clamer.] 1. A great outcry; noise; exclamation; continued vociferation. Shak. 2. Figuratively, loud and continued noise. CLAMOR, v. t. To stun with noise. Bacon. To clamor bells, is to multiply the strokes. CLAMOR, v. i. To utter loud sounds, or outcries; to talk loud; to utter loud voices repeatedly; to vociferate; to utter loud voices; to complain; to make importunate de mands. CLAMOR-ER, n. One who clamors. CLAMOR-ING, ppr. Uttering and repeating loud words; making a great and continued noise, particularly in complaint or importunate demands. CLAM'OR-OUS a. Speaking and repeating loud words; noisy; vociferous; loud; turbulent. CLAMOR-OUS-LY, adv. With loud noise or words. CLAM OR-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being loud or noisy. CLAMP, n. [D. klamp.] 1. In general, something that fastens or binds; a piece of timber or of iron, used to fasten work together; or a particular manner of uniting work by letting boards into each other.-2. In ship-building, a thick plank on the inner part of a ship's side, used to sustain the ends of the beams. 3. A smooth, crooked plate of iron, forelocked on the trunnions of a cannon, to keep it fast to the carriage. 4. A pile of bricks laid up for burning. CLAMP, v. t. 1. To fasten with clamps. 2. In joinery, to fit a piece of board with the grain to the end of another piece of board across the grain. CLAMP, v. i [D. klompen.] To tread heavily Craven di alect. CLAMPED, pp. United or strengthened with a clamp. CLAMPING, ppr Fastening or strengthening with a clamp. a chieftain. 2. In contempt, a sect, society, or body of persons closely united. Swift. CLAN'CU-LAR, a. [L. clancularius.] Clandestine; secret; private; concealed. [Little used.] CLAN CU-LAR-LY, adv. Privately; secretly. [Little used.] CLAN-DESTINE, a. [L. clandestinus.] Secret; private; hidden; withdrawn from public view. CLAN-DESTINE-LY, adv. Secretly; privately; in se cret. †CLAN-DES-TINI-TY, n. Privacy or secrecy. ELANG, v. t. [L. clango.] To make a sharp, shrill sound, as by striking metallic substances; or to strike with a sharp sound. CLANG, n. [L. clangor.] A sharp, shrill sound, made by striking together metallic substances, or sonorous bodies, or any like sound. CLANGOR, n. [L.] A sharp, shrill, harsh sound. [See CLANG.] Dryden. CLANG OR-OUS, a. Sharp or harsh in sound. CLANGIOUS, a. Making a clang, or a shrill or harsh sound. CLAN ISH, a. Closely united, like a clan; disposed to adhere closely, as the members of a clan. CLANISH-NESS, n. Close adherence or disposition to unite, as a clan. CLANK; n. The loud, shrill, sharp sound, made by a collision of metallic or other sonorous bodies. CLANK, v. t. To make a sharp, shrill sound; to strike with a sharp sound. CLAN'SHIP, n. A state of union, as in a family or clan; an association under a chieftain. CLAP, v. t. pret. and pp. clapped or clapt. (D. klappen, kloppen.] 1. To strike with a quick motion, so as to make a noise by the collision; to strike with something broad, or having a flat surface. 2. To thrust; to drive together; to shut hastily. 3. To thrust or drive together; to put one thing to another by a hasty or sudden motion. 4. To thrust; to put, place, or send. 5. To applaud; to manifest approbation or praise by striking the hands together. 6. To infect with venereal poison. To clap up. 1. To make or complete hastily. 2. To imprison hastily, or with little delay. CLAP, v. i. 1. To move or drive together suddenly with noise. 2. To enter on with alacrity and briskness; to drive or thrust on. 3. To strike the hands together in applause CLAP, n. 1. A driving together; a thrust and collision of bodies with noise, usually bodies with broad surfaces. 2 A sudden act or motion; a thrust. 3. A burst of sound; a sudden explosion. 4. An act of applause; a striking of hands to express approbation. 5. [Fr. clapoir.] A venereal infection. Pope.-6. With falconers, the nether part of the beak of a hawk. CLAP-BOARD, n. A thin, narrow board for covering houses. In England, according to Bailey, a clapboard is also what in America is called a stave for casks. CLAP-DISH, n. A wooden bowl or dish. CLAP-DOC-TOR, n. One who is skilled in healing the clap. CLAP-NET, n. A net for taking larks. CLAPPED, pp. Thrust or put on or together; applauded by striking the hands together; infected with the venereal disease, I CLAPPER, n. 1. A person who claps, or applauds by crapping. 2. That which strikes, as the tongue of a bell, or the piece of wood that strikes a mill-hopper. CLAPPER, n. [Old Fr. clapier.] A place for rabbits to burrow in. Chaucer. CLAPPER-CLAW, v. t. To scold; to abuse with the tongue; to revile. Shak. CLAPPING, ppr. Driving or putting on, in, over, or under, by a sudden motion; striking the hands together. CLARE, n. A nun of the order of St. Clare. CLAREN-CIEUX, } (klaren-shu) { n. In Great Britain, the second king al arms, so called from the duke of Clarence. CLARE-OB-SCURE', n. [L. clarus and obscurus.] Light and shade in painting. CLAR/ET, n. [Fr. clairet.] A species of French wine, of a clear pale red color. CLART-CHORD, n. [L. clarus and chorda.] A musical instrument in form of a spinet, called also manichord. CLAR-I-FI-CA/TION, n. The act of clearing; particularly the clearing or fining of liquid substances. CLARI-FIED, pp. Purified; made clear or fine; defecated. CLARI-FI-ER, n. 1. That which clarifies or purifies. 2. A vessel in which liquor is clarified. CLARI-FY, v. t. [Fr. clarifier.] 1. To make clear; to purify from feculent matter; to defecate; to fine. 2. To make clear; to brighten or illuminate; [rarely used.] CLAN, n. [Ir. clann, or cland; Erse, clan, or klaan.] 1. A race; a family; a tribe; an association of persons under || CLARI-FY, v. i. 1. To clear up; to grow clear or bright. : |