merly had a factory here; but were all maffacred by the natives, because one of their buil-dogs had killed a confecrated cow.

(2.) BATACALA, a large ruinous town in the above kingdom, (N° 1.) of which little or nothing now remains, except about 11 or 12 pagods covered with copper and ftone.

(3.) BATACALA, or BATTECOLA, a fortified

BATACALO, } town and castle on the eart

coaft of the island of Ceylon in the Eaft Indies; 190 miles NE. of Columbo. The Dutch dmove a. way the Portuguese, and poffeffed themfelves of part of the adjacent country. Lon. 81.3. E. Lat. 8. 2. N.

ing a man of warm imagination, and a good La tin fcholar, he ufed great freedom in writing againft popery. About 1633, he printed in Holland a Latin treatife entitled, Elenchus religionis Papiftica, with Flagellum pontificis et epifcoporum Latialium, in which the English prelates thinking themselves alfo aimed at, he was fined 1oool. in the high commiffion court, excommunicated, prohibited from practising phyfic, his books ordered to be burnt, and himself to remain in prifon until he made a recantation. Intead of recanting, he wrote in prifon, Apologeticus ad præfules Anglicanos; and another book called, The Litany; wherein he feverely exclaimed against he proceedings of that court, and taxed the bishops with an inclination towards popery. Prynne and Burton coming under the lath of the tyrannical ftar-chamber court at the fame time, they were all cenfured as fcandalous feditious perfons, condemned to pay a fine of soool. each, to be pilloried, to lofe their ears, and to perpetual imprisonment in three remote parts of the kingdom. The parliament in 1640 reverfed thefe proceedings; and ordered Dr Baftwick a reparation of 5000l. out of the eftates of the commiflioners and lords who had profecuted him, which the enfuing confufions prevented his receiving: however, his wife had, in 1644, an allowance ordered for her and her husband's main

tenance.

BASVILLE, a fea-port in Martinico.

(1.) BAT, BATCH, BATE, or BATZ, a small copper coin, mixed with a little filver, current in feveral cities of Germany and Switzerland at different prices. The bat or fladermouse, at Nurembarg, is equal to 4 croitzers; at Zurich, to a 28th part of the French crown; at Bafil, Schaffhaufen, &c. to a a7th; and at Beth and Friburg to a 3oth of the fame crown. Thefe laft are called short bats. In other parts of Switzerland it is equal to s livres, or roo fols, French money.

(2.) *BAT. n. f. [bat, Sax. This word feems to have given rife to a great number of words in many languages; as, battrei, Fr. to beat; baton, battle, beat, batty, and others. It probably fignified a weapon that did execution by its weight, in oppofition to a fharp edge; whence awhirlbat and brickbat.] A heavy stick or club.-They were fried in arm chairs, and their bones broken with bats. Hakervill.

(3) * BAT. n. . vefpertilin, the etymology une known.] An animal having the body of a moufe and the wings of a bird; not with feathers, but with a fort of skin which is extended. It lays no eggs, but brings forth its young alive, and fuckles them. It never grows tanie, feeds upon flies, infects, and fatty fubftances, fuch as candles, oil, and cheese; and appears only in the fummer evenings, when the weather is fine. Calmet.--Some animals are plac'd in the middle betwixt two kinds, as bots, which have fomething of birds and beafts. Locke.

(4.) BAT, in zoology! See VESPERTILIO. BATABANA, a town of the ifland of Cuba, on the fide of a large bay, oppofite Pinos Ifles, and 50 miles SW. of the Havannah.

(1.) BATACALA, a small kingdom on the coaft of Malabar in the Eaft Indies; which produces a good deal of pepper. The English for

BATANISTS. See ASSASSINS, § 1 and 2, and BATENITES.

BATARDIERE, a place in a garden, prepared for the planting of fruit trees, which being transplanted from the nursery, are to be placed in efpaliers, or elfewhere, to fupply the place of dead trees.

BATASEK, a town of lower Hungary, feated on the Danube, in Lon. 19. 50. E. Lat. 46. 30. N. BATAVA, in ancient geography, a citadel of Vindelicia, fo called from the Cohors Batava, in garrifon under the commander in Rhætia: now Paffau; being called BATAU, from the Batavi; then BASSAU, and Poffuu; fituated in Bavaria at the confluence of the Danube, Inn, and Ills. See PASSAU.

BATAVI, the ancient BATAVIANS, a branch of the Catti, who, in a domestic sedition, being expelled their country, occupied the extremity of the coaft of Gaul, at that time uninhabited, together with the ifland, called from them INSULA BATATORUM, fituated among fhoals. Their name Batavi they carried with them from Germany; there being fome towns in the territory of the Catti, called Battenberg, and Battenbaufen. The bravery of the Batavi, especially the horfe men, procured them not only great honour from the Romans, being called their brothers and friends ; but an exemption from taxes, being obliged only to furnith men and arms.

(1.) BATAVIA, a city of the kingdom of Bantam in the ifland of Java, and capital of the Dutch fettlements in the Eaft Indies. It is fituated the mouth of the river Jucatra, and in the bofom of a large commodious bay, which is one of the fafeft harbours in India. It is furrounded by a rampart 21 feet thick, covered on the outfide with ftone and fortified with az baltions. This rampart is environed by a ditch 45 yards over, and full of water, cipecially when the tides are high, in the fpring. The avenues to the town are defended by feveral forts each of which is well turnifhed with excellent brafs cannon; no perfon is fuffered to go beyond thefe forts without a pafsport. The Jucatra paffes through the midst of the town, and forms 15 canals of running water, all faced with free ftone, and adorned with trees ever greens: over thefe canals are 56 bridges, befides thofe which lie without the town. The streets are all perfectly ftraight, and each, on an average, 30 feet broad. The houfes are built of ftone, like thofe in Holland. The city is about a league and a half in circumference, and has 5 gates: but there are ten times the number of houfes without that

there

it received feveral modifications, and was in fome points completely altered, particularly by the conftitution of 1855. At last the rulers of this democratic ftate,.finding that numerous inconveniencies attended their defective form of government,-a power" without folidity and certain duration,” being from the prefent organization of Europe, detrimental to the happinefs of the people, entered into a treaty with France on the 24th May 1806, by which the republic was converted into a kingdom, and Prince Louis Napoleon, appointed Hereditary and Conflitutional king of Holland, See HOLLAND.

BATAVIANS: 1. t ancient inhabitants of Batavia. See BATAVI: 2. the people of Holland. (1.) BATAVORUM INSULA, in ancient geography, the island of the Batavians. Of this ifland Tacitus gives the following defcription: "The Rhine flowing in one channel, or only broken by fmall iflands, is divided at its entering Batavia, as it were into two rivers. One continues its courie through Germany, retaining the fame name, and violent current, till it falls into the ocean. The other wathing the coaft of Gaul, with a broader and more gentle ftream, is called by the inhabitants VAHALIS; which name it foon changes for that of Mosa, by the immenfe mouth of which Liver it discharges itfelf into the fame ocean." According to Tacitus, therefore, the island of the Batavians was bounded by the ocean, the Rhine, and the Vahalis, now the WALE. Cæfar extends it to the Mofa, or MEUSE; but Pliny agrees with Tacitus. However, this ifland was of greater extent in Tacitus's time than in Cæfar's; Drufus, the father of Germanicus, having by a new canal conveyed the waters of the Rhine into the ocean a confiderable way north of the former mouth of that river. The modern name of this island is BETAU, or BETU."

here are within it. It has a very fine town-house, Calvinist churches, belides other places of worhip for all forts of religions; a fpin-huys, or houfe of correction, au orphan-house, a magazine of featores, feveral for fpices, with wharfs and cordLanufadories, and many other public buildings. The garrifon confifts commonly of between 20co and 3000 meu. The citadel is a fine regular for tification, fituated at the month of the river, and flanked with bastions; two of which command the fea, and the other two the town. In this citadel the governor general of the Indies has his palace; over againft which is that of the directorgeneral, who is the next to the governor. The counsellors, and other principal officers of the company, have also their apartments there; as have likewife the phyfician, the furgeon, and the apothecary, There are in it, arfenals and maga. zines furnished with ammunition for many years. Batavia is not only inhabited by Dutch, French, Portuguese, and other Europeans, eftablished here on account of trade; but also by a vaft number of Indians of different nations, Javenefe, Chinefe, Malayans, Negroes, Amboynefe, Armenians, natives of the isle of Bali, Mardykers or Topaffes, Macafers, Timors, Bougis, &c. Of the Chiefe, there are, it is faid, about roo,000 in the jand; of whom near 30,000 refided in the city till 1742, when the Dutch, pretending that they were in a plot against them, fent a body of troops into their quarter, and demanded their arms, which the Chinefe readily delivered up; and the next day the governor fent another body, with orplers to murder and malfacre every one of them, aeu, women, and children Some relate there were 20,002, others 30,000, that were put to death, without any manner of trial; and yet the Barbarous governor, who was the inftrument of this cruel proceeding, had the affurance to embark for Europe, imagining he had amafied wealth nough to fecure him against any profecution in lolland; but the Dutch finding themselves detefted by all mankind for this piece of tyranny, endeavoured to throw the o ium of it upon the goverzor, though he had the hands of all the council Batavia, except one, to the order for the maf. re. The ftates, therefore, difpatched a packet to the Cape of Good Hope, with orders to ap. prehend the governor, and tend him back to Batavia to be tried. He was accordingly apprehended at the Cape; but has never been heard of fince, 1 is fuppofed he was thrown over-board in his palage to Batavia, to prevent farther inquiries; and it is laid, all the wealth this merciful gentle man had amaffed, and with which he had f.eighted 4 fhip., was, in the pallage, utterly lost.

(2) BATAVIA, the ancient naine of HOLLAND. Se: BATAVOXUM, 1 and 2.

BATAMIAN REPUBLIC, one of the late democratic ftates of Europe, formed upon the plan of the French republic, out of the ci-devant United Provinces, or States of Holland. Although the Stadpholderate was abolished in 1795, the repubTean constitution was not finally established till March 1798. This new government was, howevo, still in embryo, though accepted by the reprentatives of the people; for fince that period

(2.) BATAVORUM OPPIDUM, in ancient geography, a town in the island of Batayia, (N° 1.) mentioned by Tacitus, without any particular pame; which has given rife to several furmiles about it, fome fuppofing it to be Nimeguen, but Cluverius, BATAVALUNUM OF BATTENBURG, both without the ifland; which fituation renders beth these places jnadmiflible, fince Tacitus places this nameless town within the island.

(1.) * BATCH. n. [from bake.] 1. The quan tity of bread baked at a time.-The joiner puts the boards into ovens after the batch is drawn, of lays them in a warm stable. Mortimer's Husbandry, 2. Any quantity of any thing made at once, fo is to have the fame qualities-Except he were of the jame meal and Batch. B. Jonjon.

(2) BATCH, in Commerce See BAT, N° 1. Mr Bailey values this coin at ad. 2 farthings, and 2 thirds Sterling.

(3.) BATCH, in geography, a town in Herefords hire, between Golden Vale and Radnor hire. BATCHCOTT, à town near Munflow, Shrop

4 miles E. of Everfhot; and 2. in Somersetshire, 4 miles N. of Brunton.

(1.) BATE, George, an eminent phyfician, born at Maid's Morton, near Buckingham, in 1608. 11619, he obtained a licence, and for fome years practifed in and about Oxford: his practice was chiefly among the Puritans, who at that time confidered him as one of their party. In 1637, he took his degree of M. D. and became fo eminent in his profeflion, that when king Charles 1. kept bis court at Oxford, he was his principal phyfician. When the king's affairs declined, Dr Bate removed to London, where he accommodated himself fo well to the times, that he became phyfician to the Charter houfe, fellow of the college of physicians, and afterwards principal phyfician to Oliver Cromwell. Upon the restoration, he again got into favour with the royal party, was made principal phyfician to king Charles II. and fellow to the Royal Society; and this, we are told, was owing to a report raised on purpose by his friends, according to Mr Wood, that he gave the protector a dofe which haftened his death. Dr Bate wrote in Latin, a history of the civil wars in England, and fome other tracts on phyfical fubjects. He died at his house in Hatton-garden, and was buried at Kingston upon Thames in Surry.

9.

1749, 8vo. 6. An Hebrew Grammar, formed on the Ufage of the Words by the Infpired Writers, 1750, 8vo. 7. The Ufe and Intent of Prophecy, and History of the Fall cleared, 1750, 8vo. This was occafioned by Middleton's Examination of Sherlock. 8. The Bleffing of Judah and Jacob confidered, and the Era of Daniel's Weeks afcertained, in two Diflertations, 1753, 8vo. The Integrity of the Hebrew Text and many Paifages of Scripture vindicated from the Objections and Misconstructions of Mr Kennicot, 1755, 8vo. 10. A Reply to Dr Sharp's Review and Defence of his Diflertations on the Scripture Meaning of Eloim and Berith, 1755, 8vo. 1T. A Reply to Dr Sharp's Review and Defence of his Diflertation on the Scripture meaning of Berith; with an Appendix in Aniwer to the Doctor's Discourse on Cherubim, Part II. 1755. 8vo. 12. Remarks upon Dr Benfon's Sermon on the Gospel Method of Juftification, 1755, 8vo. 13. Critica Hebræa, or a Hebrew English Dictionary without Points, &c. 1764, 4to. 14. A new and literal Tranflation from the original Hebrew of the Pentateuch of Mofes, and of the Hiftorical Books of the Old Teftament, to the End of II. Kings; with Notes critical and explanatory, 1737, 4to. Mr Bate attended Hutchinfon in his left illness, 1737, and was by him, in a moft ftriking manner, recommended to the protection of an intimate friend, "with a ftrict charge not to fuffer his labours to become useless by neglect." This learned writer died April 7, 1771.

(2.) BATE, George, author of a work entitled, "The Lives, Actions, and Execution, of the prime Actors and Principal Contrivers of that horrid Murder of our late pious and facred king Charles 1." was quite a different perfon from the Doctor, (N° 1.)

in

(3.) BATE, John, prior of the monaftery of Carmelites, at York, in the 15th century, was born in Northumberland and educated at York in the ftudy of the liberal arts; in which he was greatly encouraged by the favour of some persons, his patrons, who were at the expence of fending him to Oxford, to finish his ftudies in that univertity. Bate abundantly answered the hopes conceived of him, and became an eminent philotopher and divine, and particularly remarkable for lis fkill in the Greek tongue. He took the de, gree of D. D. at Oxford, and afterwards diftinguilhed himself as an author. The Carmelites of York were fo fenfible of his merit, that upon a acancy they offered him the government of their houfe; which he accepted, and difcharged that office with great prudence and fuccefs. He died 1429, in the beginning of the reign of Hen. IV. (4.) BATE, Julius, was a voluminous author, and an intimate friend of the celebrated Hutchinfon; by whole recommendation he obtained from Charles D. of Somerfet a prefentation to the living of Sutton in Suflex. His publications were, 1, An Effay towards explaining the firft Chapter of Genefis, in anfwer to Mr Warburton, 1741, 8vo, 2. The Philofophical Principles of Mofes atterted and defended against the Miireprefentations of Mr David Jennings, 1744, 8vo. 3. Remarks upon Mr Warburton's Remarks, fhewing that the Ancients knew there was a Future State, and that the Jews were not under an equal Providence, 1745, 8vo. 4. The Faith of the Ancient Jews in the Law of Mofes, and the Evidence of the Types, vindicated in a Letter to Dr Stebbing, 1747, 8vo. 5. Micah, v. 2. and Matthew, ii. 6. reconciled,

(5.) * BATE. n.ƒ. [perhaps contracted from debate.] Strife; contention, as, a make-bate.

(6.) BATE, n. f. the texture of wood. Bailey. (7.) BATE feems to have been once the preterite of bite, as Shakespeare uses biting faulchion; unless, in the following lines, it may be rather deduced from beat.

Yet there the steel staid not, but inly bate Deep in his flesh, and open'd wide a red flood gate. Spenfer. (1.) To BATF. v. a. [contracted from abate.] 1. To letlen any thing; to retrench.-

*

Nor envious at the fight will I forbear My plenteous bowls, nor bate my plenteous

cheer,

Dryden. 2. To fink the price.-When the landholder's rent falls, he must either bate the labourer's wages, or not employ, or not pay him. Locke. 3. To lellen a demand.-Bate me fome, and I will pay you fome, and, as moft debtors do, promise you infinitely. Shak. 4. To cut off; to take away.Late but the laft, and 'tis what I would fay.

Dryden's Spanish Friar. (2.) To BATE. V. n. 1. To grow lefs.-Bardolph, am not I fallen away vilely fince this laft election? Do I not bute? do I not dwindle? Why, my ikin hangs about me like an old lady's looie gown. Shakesp. Henry IV. 2. To remit: with of before the thing.

Abate thy fpeed, and I will bate of mine. Dryden, (3.) To BATE, in falconry, is applied to a hawk when he flutters with his wings, ftriving to get away, either from fift or perch.

BATECUMBE, or BADECOMBE, William, an eminent mathematician, is fuppofed to have flourithed about 1420, in the reign of Henry V. He

ftudied

ftudied at Oxford, where he applied himself to natural philofophy in general, but chiefly to the mathematics, in which he made a very great proficiency, as is evident by his writings in that fcience, which introduced him to the acquaintance and intimacy of the greatest men of thofe times. His mathematical writings confift of, 1. Of the Formation and Ufe of the Concave Sphere. 2. Of the Solid Sphere. 3. Of the Ufe of the Aftrolabe. 4. Philofophical Conclufions.

BATEFUL. adj. [from_bate and full.] Con

tentious.

He knew her haunt, and haunted in the fame And taught his sheep her sheep in food to thwart ;

Which foon as it did bateful question frame, He might on knees confefs his guilty part.

Sidney. BATEMAN, William, bishop of Norwich in the 14th century, and founder of Trinity-hall, in Cambridge, was born at Norwich. In 1328, he was collated to the archdeaconry of Norwich: foon after he went and studied at Rome, and fo distinguished himself, that he was promoted by the pope to the place of auditor of his palace He was likewife advanced by him to the deanery of Lincoln; and fo great an opinion had he of his prudence and capacity, that he fent him twice as his nuncio, to endeavour to procure a peace between Edward III. and the king of France. In 1343, he appointed him Bp. of Norwich and confecrated him with his own hands. In 1347, Bp. Bateman founded Trinity-hall in Cambridge, for the ftudy of the civil and canon laws; and another hall dedicated to the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary, for the study of philosophy and divinity. He was often employed by the king and parlia nient in affairs of the highest importance; and particularly was at the head of feveral embaffies, to determine the differences between the crowns of England and France. In 1354 he was by order of parliament difpatched to the court of Rome, with Henry duke of Lancafter, and others; to treat (in the pope's prefence) of a peace. This journey proved fatal to him; for he died at Avignon, where the pope then refided, in 1354-5, and was buried with great folemnity in the cathedral church of that city.

II. and minifter of St Dunstan's in the weft, but was deprived of that benefice for nonconformity. Dr Bates bore a good and amiable character: and was honoured with the friendship of the lord keeper Bridgman, the lord chancerior Finch, the earl of Nottingham, and Abp. Tillotson. He was offered, at the restoration, the deanery of Litchfield; which he refufed. He published Select Lives of illuftrious and pious perions, in Latin; and fince his death all his works, except his Select Lives, have been printed in one volume in folio. He died in 1699, aged 74.

* BAT-FOWLING. n. /. [from bat and fow!.] A particular manner of birdcatching in the nighttime, while they are at root upon perches, trees, or hedges. They light torches or ftraw, and then beat the bushes; upon which the birds flying to the flames, are caught either with nets, or otherwife-Bodies, lighted at night by fire, muft have a brighter luftre than by day; as facking of cities, bat-fowling. Peacham.

(1. 1.) BATH, a city of Somerfetshire in England, 12 miles ESE. of Bristol and 107 W. of London. It is furrounded with hills on all fides except a little opening to the E. and W. through which the Avon runs. This river which is made navigable to Bristol, washes it on the E. and S. and has an elegant bridge over it. Lon. 2. 22. W. Lat. 51. 22. N.

(2.) BATH, ANCIENT NAMES OF. All the different names that this city has borne, in different ages and languages, have been taken from its medicinal waters; as the dara igua, or hot waters, of Ptolemy; the AQUÆ SOLIS, or waters of the fun, of Antoninus; the CAER BADEN, the city of baths, and CAER ENNANT, the city of ointment, of the Britons; and the Ackmanchester, the city of valetudinarians, of the Saxons.

BATENITES, a fect of apoftates from Mahometanifm difperfed through the Eaft, who profeffed the fame abominable practices with the If maelians and Karmatians. The word properly fignifies efoteric, or people of inward or hidden light. They are alfo called BATENIANS.

BATES, William, D. D. an eminent prefbyterian divine, born in 1625. He was admitted in Emanuel college, Cambridge, and from thence removed to King's collegin 1644. He was one of the commificners, at the conference in the Savoy, for reviewing the public liturgy, and was concerned in drawing up the exceptions against the common Prayer. However, foon after the reftoration, he was appointed chaplain to king Charles

houfes, which are all 3 ftoreys high, are adorned with 2 rows, of columns in pairs, of the Doric, Jonic, and Corinthian orders, the frize embelished with sculpture. The whole has an air of magnificence, which cannot fail to ftrike the most indifferent fpectator. In the centre of the area is a refervoir, or bafon, filled by 2 or 3 fprings which rife in the neighbouring hills; whence the ftreets in this diftrict are fupplied with water. On the S. fide of the town are the N. and S. parades, 5 fine walks, paved with hewn ftone, raised upon arches, facing each an elegant row of houfes on one fide, and having a ftone balustrade on the other. Thefe, with the two ftreets that join them, were planned and executed by Mr Wood, an able architect, who likewife built the fquare and pro jected the circus. The the two public rooms ftand

tetwint

betwixt the N. parade and Orange-grove; which aft is a fquare planted with trees, having in the middle a tone obelisk, infcribed in Latin to the late prince of Orange, who recovered his health in confequence of drinking the Bath waters, and gave his name to this part of the town. 8everal new ftreets and rows have of late years been built on the N. fide of Bath, in the neighbourhood of the square, fuch as Gay-ftreet, Milfom-ftreet, Edgar row, Harlequin-row, Bladud's buildings, Kings Mead-street, and Brock-ftreet. The advantages for building here are very great, having excellent free-ftone, limestone, and flate, in the neighbour hood. One species of their lime is as white as fnow. The guild-hall of Bath stands in the market place, and is faid to be built on a plan of Inigo Jones, which, however exhibits nothing wor thy of that great architect: be fides, one end of it has been rebuilt in a different ftyle. The hall is ornamented with fome portraits of the late prince of Wales and other great perfonages: but the greatest curiofity of the place is a Minerva's head in bronze, a real antique, dug up in Stall-street, in 1725. Bath boasts a noble infirmary, or geneJal hospital, for the reception of the fick and lame from all parts of the 3 kingdoms. It extends roo feet in front, and 90 in depth, being capable of receiving 150 patients. Here was anciently a monaftery, of which the present cathedral was the church. It is a venerable pile; the principal front of which is adorned with figures of angels afcending and defcending. There are 3 other churches in Bath, and several chapels and meeting-houses. Befides the infirmary, there are feveral other hof pitals, alms-houfer, and. charity fchools. The corporation confifts of a mayor, 8 aldermen, of whom two are juftices of the peace: and 24 common-council men. The city is extremely well provided with stage-coaches, poft-coaches, chaifes, machines and waggons. Bath is the general hofpital of the nation, and a great number of invalids find benefit from the waters: but as the city lies in a bottom furrounded by very high hills, the air is conftantly furcharged with damps; and indred this place is more fubject to rain than any other part in England. The markets are remarkably well fupplied with provifions of all kinds at reasonable rates, particularly fill and poultry. They alfo afford excellent mutton fed upon Lanfdown, one of the highest hills that overlook the city. This town, remarkable for its pure air, extends about 3 miles; and at the extremity of it there is a ftone monument, with an infcription, erected to the memory of Sir Beville Granville, who was here killed in a battle which he fought with the parliament's army in the reign of Charles I. Bath fends two members to parliament. The earldom of Bath was bestowed on William Pultney in the end of Sir Robert Walpole's adminiftration, as a reward for his patriotifim, but is now extinct for want of heirs-male.

(4.) BATH, ECCLESIASTICAL STATE OF. Bath is joined with Wells to form a bithopric, called the diocefe of Bath and Wells. The bithop's feat is at Wells, whofe cathedral church was built by Ina, king of the Weft Saxons in 704, and by him dedicated to St Andrew. Several other of the Weft Saxon kings endowed it, and it was erected

into a bishopric in 905, during the reign of king Edward the Elder. The prefent church was be gun by Robert the 18th bishop of this fee, and completed by his immediate fucceffor. John de Villula, the 16th bishop, having purchased the city of Bath for 500 merks of king Henry I. transferred his feat to that city in 1088 From this, difputes arofe between the monks of Bath and the canons of Wells, about the election of a bifhop; but they were at last compromised by Robert the 18th bishop, who decreed, that the bishop should be ftyled from both places, and the precedency thould be given to Bath; that in the vacancy of the fee, the bishop hould be elected by a certain number of delegates from both churches; and that he should be installed in them both; both of them to conftitute the bishop's chapter; and all his grants and patents to be confirmed in both. Thus matters food till the reformation. But in the 35th of Henry VIII. an act of parliament paffed for the dean and chapter of Wells to make one fole chapter for the bishop. This diocefe hath yielded to the church of Rome one cardinal, and to the civil ftate of England 6 lord chancellors, 5 lord treasurers, one lord privy feal, one lord prefident of Wales, and principal fecretary of state. The diocese contains the whole county of Somerfet, except a few churches in the city of Bristol; the number of parishes amounting to 388, and the churches and chapels to 583. Of the parishes 160 are impropriate. It is valued in the king's books at L. 535:1:3, and computed to be worth annually L.2200. The clergy's tenth is L. 353:18: of. To the cathedral belong a bifhop, a dean, 3 archdeacons, a chancellor, a treafurer, a fub-dean, 59 prebendaries, 4 prieft-vicars, & lay vicars, an organift, and 6 chorifters, befides other officers.

(5.) BATH, WATERS, MODE OF BATHING, &c. IN. The baths confift of the King's bath, the Queen's bath, the Crofs-bath, the Hot-bath, the Leper's bath, and the duke of Kingston's bath. This place was of old a refort only for cripples and difeafed perfons; but now it is more frequented by the found for pleasure, than by the fick for health. The waters are very pleasant to the tafte; and impregnated with a vitriolic principle, yielding, upon evaporation, a little neutral falt, and a calcareous earth and iron. They are very efficacious in ftrengthening the bowels and ftomach, bracing the relaxed fibres, and invigo rating the circulation. In bilious complaints they are counted fpecific; and prove ferviceable in moft nervous, paralytic, rheumatic, and gouty complaints. At the King's bath is a handfome pump-room, where the gentlemen and ladies go in a morning to drink the waters; and there is a band of mufic that plays all the time. In the Crofs-bath is a monument of marble, representing the defcent of the Holy Ghoft attended by angels, erected by the earl of Meifort (who was fecretary of state for Scotland) when king James II. met his queen here. The King's bath is a large baion of 65 feet 10 inches by 40 feet 10 inches, containing 346 tuns 2 hogfheads and 36 gallons of water when filled to its ufual height. In the middle is a wooden building with niches and feats for the accommodation of the bathers. There

are