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troth (W; trōth, O) trous'seau' (troo'sō') trow (not trou) truc'u-lent (W;

trōō'ku-, O) truffle (W-O) trust wor-thy (-wûr-) tryst (W; trīst, O) tūbe'rōşe' (W; incorrect, says O;

tū ́běr-ōs, O)

tūte-la-ry (W; -la-,

0)

tūtor (§ 421)

tut'ti-frut'ti (toot'tėfroot'te)

two'pence (tup'ěns; W-O)

two'pen-ny (tup'ěn-i; W-O)

Tyn'dăle

ty-răn'ni-căl (W;

ti-, O) tyr'ăn-nīze tyr'ăn-nỹ ty'rō

U-lys'sēş

ŭm-bi-līcus (W-O) ŭm-brěl'lá

ŭm'pīre

ŭn-ăc-çent'ěd

ŭn-as-sūm'ing
ŭn-bāt'ěd
ŭn-çiv'il
ŭn'der-ground
ŭn'der-hand-ěd
un-der-nēath'
ŭn-der-signed'

(-sīnd') ŭn'du-la-to-ry (W;

Tūeş'day

-těr-i, O)

ŭn-ěn-dūra-ble

ŭn-erring (W-O)

ŭn-fre-quěnt'ěd

ŭn-in'tër-ěst-ing

un-jus'ti-fi-a-ble

trăv'el

trăv'el-er

trăv'erse (a., n., v.)

trea'cle (trē'k'l)

tū'lip (§ 421)
tūmor (§ 421)

trě'ble (not tri'-) trěk

tūmult (§ 421)

tūne (§ 421)

tre-měn doŭs

tûrbine (W-O)

trēmðr (W; trěm ́ðr,

tûr'ġid

Ο)

tŭr-quoise' (-koiz';

tre-păn'

W-O)

ŭn-prěç'e-děnt-ěd

ŭn-tū'tõred

ŭn-wā'ry (W; -wâri, O)

ŭp'mōst ŭp'right (-rīt) up-rising U'ra-nŭs

ûr băn

ûr-bāne'

ûr-băn ́i-ty Ûr'su-la

used to (too; not ūs )

ū ́su-ăl (-zhu-) ū ́su-ǎl-lỹ (-zhu-) ūsu-fruct

u-şûrp

U-to'pi-à

vā'ri-o-loid (W;

vârî-, O)

vā'ri-ous (W; vârî-,

0)

vāry (W; vârî, O) vāse (W; väz, O) văs'e-line (W; -ě-lēn, 0)

vaudeville (vōd'-;
W-O)
věġ'e-ta-ble

vē ́he-mençe (W;
vē'e-, O)

Ve-lásquez (vāläs kāth) věn'er-a-ble

vēnī, vīdī, viçi vē'ni-ăl

Věn ́içe

věn'i-son (-z'n, W; věn'z'n, O)

vē'noŭs

věn-trilo-quişm

ve-rā'cious (W; vě-,

Ο)

về-răç'i-tỹ (W; vě-,O)

ve-răn (W; vě-,

Ο)

věr-bā tīm

verbi-age

věr-bōse' (not -bōz') věr-bos'î-ty

verdí-gris (-grēs, W; -gris, O)

verdüre

ver-mi-çěl'lí (-me-, W; -ml-, O)

ver-mil'ion (-yun) Ve-ro-ne'se (Paul; vā-ro-nāsā)

Ver-sailles' (-sālz'; French věr sä'y') ver'sà-tile (W; -til, Ο; § 422) version (not -zhǎn) vērte-brà; pl. -bræ (-brē) ver'te-brăl

věr tě-brate

věr těx (§39); pl. vērti-çeş

věrti-gō (W-O) vět'er-i-na-ry

vìà (W-O) via-duct

vic'ar

viçe (president)

vīçe'roy (-roi)

viçề vērsà

viç'i-nage

ŭt'tër-ănçe

văc'çine (W; -sin,

Ο)

-cui-ty

văc ́u-um

vā dề mẽ cŭm

-gā'ry

văl'en-tine

văl'ět (W-O)

văl'u-a-ble

vanquish (văn'-) văp'id

văr'i-cōse (not -cōz)
vā'ried (W; vârid,
0)

vā'ri-e-gat-ěd (W;
vâr-i-, O)
-rio-

vi-çin'i-tỹ (W-O)
vícious

vi-çis'si-tūde

victim

vic'to-ry

vict'uals (viť"lz)

vide (abbr. v., vid.)

vi-děl'i-çět (abbr. viz.)

vig'il

vi-gnette' (vín-yěť;

W-O) vil'lain (-ín) vil'lein (-In) vin-ai-grětte

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vi-ril'i-ty (W-O)

võl-tā'ic

vir-tu-ōsō (-too-, W;

võl'úme

vûr-tū-, 0); pl. -si

(-sē), -sos (§ 39)

vir'u-lěnçe (-0‰-, W ;

-ū-, O)

vo-răç'i-ty

vir'u-lent (-00-, W ;

wea'ry (W; wērĩ, O) Wednesday

(wěnz'-; W-O)

wēir

wēird

wěll'-bē'ing

wěll-bôrn

wěll'-brěd

Wellesley (wělz'-)

well-known (-non)

wěll'-nigh (-nī) wěll'-read

wěll'-to-do'

(-too-doo')

vo-lūmin-oŭs

võľăn-ta-ri-lỹ vo-rā'cious

vouch-sāfe'

vox hu-mã nà

-ū-, Ο)

viş'age vis-à-vis'

(vē'za-vē', W;

vulgar

vŭl-găr'i-ty

Vŭlgate

wain'scot (W-O)

waistcoat (W-O)

Wal-lā'chi-ăn (wo-)

were (wûr, W; wâr, O)

Westmin-ster

West Point'
West Point'er

whale (hwal)
(pronounce h)
wharf (hwôrf)
what (hwot)

viz'à-, Ο)

vis'cer-à (-er-)

vis'cid (-id)

vis'count (vi'-)

viş'i-tor

vis'or, viz'or (viz'er,

wheat (hwēt)

wheel (hwel)

when (hwěn)

where (hwâr)

whether (hwěth'-)

which (hwich)

wan'der-er (won'-)

whiff (hwif)

was (woz)

while (hwil)

W; vīz'ěr, O)

wa'ter (wô ́-)

whip (hwip)

vis'u-al (vizh'-) vi-tăl'i-ty

way-lāy' (W-O)

whirl (hwûrl)

weal

whis'tle (hwis"l)

vità-min (W)

weap'on (-un)

whole (hōl)

vi'ti-āte (vishi-) víť'ri-ol (-ul)

wea'ri-ness (W;

wēri-, O)

wholly (hōl-)

whooping (hoop'-)

why (hwi)

widow (§ 421)

windmill

window (§ 421) wind'pīpe

with (W-O)

withe (n., with, W; with'i, O)

with'ỹ (a., n., with'-, W; with'-, O)

wont (a., n., v., wunt, W; wōnt, O) Worcester (woos'-) worst'ed (defeated, wûrst'-)

wor'sted (yarn,

woos'těd; W-O) wound (woond; W0)

wraith (rāth) wreak (rēk)

wreath (reth; pl. rēthz)

Xan-thip'pe (zăn-)
Xan-tippe (zăn-)

Xe-noc'ra-tēs (ze-)
Xe-nõphía-nēs (ze-)
Xen ́o-phon (zěn'-)
Xerx'es (zûrk'sēz)
xy'lo-phone (zī'-)

yacht (yot) Yä'qui (-kē)

ỹ-cleped', ỹ-clept' (-klěpt')

ye for' the' (thē;
§ 139, N.)

yea (yā)
yeast (not ēst)
yěllow (§ 421)
yeō'măn
Yěrkēş

yěs'tër-day

yew (yoo)

yō'del, yō'dle (-d'l)

yōke
Yōko-häma

yule (yool)

Zac-chæus (ză-kē ́-)

Zā'mà (battle) zeal (zël)

zealot (zěl'ŭt)

zealous (zěl-)

Zěb'e-dee

zenith (W; zěn'ith,

Ο) zěph'ýr Zěph ́y-rŭs

zeug'ma (zūg'-)
Zeus (zūs; §421)
zinc (zink)
zinc'ic (zink'-)
zinc'i-fy (zink'-)
zinck'ý, zink'ỹ
(zink'-)

Zip-pō'rah (W)

wreathe (reth) wres'tle (res"l)

yolk (yōk; W-O;

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zīth'er

zō'di-ăc

zo-dia-căl

zoo (colloq.; § 380)

zō-o-log'i-căl

zo-olo-gist zo-olo-gy Zō-ro-ăs'těr

Zou-äve' (zoo-, W;

zoo-, O)

zoundş
Zu'lu (zoolo잉)

CHAPTER VIII

CAPITAL LETTERS

Then there's an M, and a T, and an S, but whether the next be an izzard, or an R, confound me, I cannot tell.

GOLDSMITH.

424. Alphabet. The letters of the Greek alphabet, from which most of our own letters are derived through the Latin, were originally all capitals. They were made with straight lines, being usually cut into some hard material, such as stone or metal. After writing materials came into use, the letters gradually became rounded, and connected letters were made small. Thus in our alphabet there are two kinds of letters. The interesting history of the alphabet will be found in any large encyclopedia.

In the writing of English, until recently, capital letters have been used with a good deal of freedom, chiefly for emphasis or distinction, at the pleasure of the writer. Nowadays they are used as little as possible, and their usage is determined by certain rules. To write accurately and most effectively, it is essential to know these rules.

NOTE. This chapter is based on Webster's New International Dictionary and on Rules for Compositors and Readers at the University Press, Oxford.

GENERAL RULES

425. Sentence, line of poetry, etc. Every sentence, every line of poetry, and every line in the conclusion of a letter (§§ 524, 540, 545) begins with a capital letter:

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