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LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF ROBINSON CRUSOE.

It now remained that the captain and I should inquire the chief officer among them, and all the rest, they were might present. The seven men came on shore, and the into one another's circumstances. I began first, and told as outrageous as any of the ship's crew, and were no three who remained in the boat put her off to a good him my whole history, which he heard with an attention doubt made desperate in their new enterprise; and distance from the shore, and came to an anchor to wait I smiled at him, and told him that them in the boat. Those that came on shore kept close We should even to amazement, and particularly at the wonderful terribly apprehensive he was that they would be too for them; so that it was impossible for us to come at manner of my being furnished with provisions and powerful for us. ammunition; and, indeed, as my story is a whole col- men in our circumstances were past the operation of together, marching towards the top of the little hill lection of wonders, it affected him deeply. But when fear; that seeing almost every condition that could be under which my habitation lay; and we could see them he reflected from thence upon himself, and how I seemed was better than that which we were supposed to be in, plainly, though they could not perceive us. to have been preserved there on purpose to save his life, we ought to expect that the consequence, whether have been very glad if they would have come nearer to the tears ran down his face, and he could not speak a death or life, would be sure to be a deliverance. I us, so that we might have fired at them, or that they word more. After this communication was at an end, asked him what he thought of the circumstances of my would have gone farther off, that we might come "And where, sir," said I," is your belief of my hill where they could see a great way into the valleys I carried him and his two men into my apartment, life, and whether a deliverance were not worth venturing abroad. But when they were come to the brow of the leading them in just where I came out, viz., at the top for? of the house, where I refreshed them with such provision being preserved here on purpose to save your life, which and woods, which lay towards the north-east part, and "there seems to be but one thing amiss in all the till they were weary: and not caring, it seems, to as I had, and showed them all the contrivances I had elevated you a little while ago? For my part," said I, where the island lay lowest, they shouted and hallooed "What is that?" says he. "Why," venture far from the shore, nor far from one another, made during my long, long inhabiting that place. All I showed them, all I said to them, was perfectly prospect of it." amazing; but above all, the captain admired my fortifi- said I, "it is, that as you say there are three or four they sat down together under a tree to consider it. Had cation, and how perfectly I had concealed my retreat honest fellows among them, which should be spared. they thought fit to have gone to sleep there, as the with a grove of trees, which, having been now planted Had they been all of the wicked part of the crew, I other part of them had done, they had done the job nearly twenty years, and the trees growing much faster should have thought God's providence had singled them for ns; but they were too full of apprehensions of The captain made a very just proposal to me upon than in England, was become a little wood, so thick that out to deliver them into your hands; for depend upon danger to venture to go to sleep, though they could it was impassable in any part of it but at that one side it, every man that comes ashore is our own, and shall not tell what the danger was they had to fear. where I had reserved my little winding passage into it. die or live as they behave to us." As I spoke this with fellows hear, and that we should all sally upon them I told him this was my castle and my residence, but that a raised voice and cheerful countenance, I found it this consultation of theirs, viz. that perhaps they would I had a seat in the country, as most princes have, whither greatly encouraged him; so we set vigorously to our all fire a volley again, to endeavour to make their I could retreat upon occasion, and I would show him business. We had, upon the first appearance of the boats coming just at the juncture when their pieces were all disthat too another time; but at present our business was to consider how to recover the ship. He agreed with from the ship, considered of separating our prisoners; charged, and they would certainly yield, and we should me as to that, but told me he was perfectly at a loss and we had, indeed, secured them effectually. Two of have them without bloodshed. I liked this proposal, what measures to take, for that there were still six-and-them, of whom the captain was less assured than provided it was done while we were near enough to twenty hands on board, who, having entered into a ordinary, I sent with Friday, and one of the three come up to them before they could load their pieces cursed conspiracy, by which they had all forfeited their delivered men, to my cave, where they were remote again. But this event did not happen; and we lay lives to the law, would be hardened in it now by des- enough, and out of danger of being heard or discovered, still a long time, very irresolute what course to take. peration, and would carry it on, knowing that if they or of finding their way out of the woods, if they could At length, I told them there would be nothing done, in were subdued they would be brought to the gallows as have delivered themselves: here they left them bound, my opinion, till night; and then, if they did not return soon as they came to England, or to any of the English but gave them provisions; and promised them, if they to the boat, perhaps we might find a way to get between colonies, and that, therefore, there would be no attacking continued there quietly, to give them their liberty in a them and the shore, and so might use some stratagem day or two; but that if they attempted their escape, with them in the boat to get them on shore. We waited them with so small a number as we were. they should be put to death without mercy. They a great while, though very impatient for their removpromised faithfully to bear their confinement with ing; and were very uneasy, when, after long consulpatience, and were very thankful that they had such tation, we saw them all start up, and march down good usage as to have provisions and light left them; towards the sea: it seems they had such dreadful companions over for lost, and so go on with their for Friday gave them candles (such as we made our apprehensions of the danger of the place, that they selves) for their comfort; and they did not know but resolved to go on board the ship again, give their The other prisoners ñad better usage; two of them intended voyage with the ship. that he stood sentinel over them at the entrance. were kept pinioned, indeed, because the captain was not able to trust them; but the other two were taken into my service, upon the captain's recommendation, and upon their solemnly engaging to live and die with us; so with them and the three honest men we were seven men, well armed; and I made no doubt that we should be able to deal well enough with the ten that were coming, considering that the captain had said there were three or four honest men among them also. As soon as they got to the place where their other boat lay, they ran their boat into the beach and came all on shore, see, for I was afraid they would rather have left the hauling the boat up after them, which I was glad to boat at an anchor some distance from the shore, with some hands in her, to guard her, and so we should not be able to seize the boat. Being on shore, the first thing they did, they ran all to their other boat; and it was easy to see they were under a great surprise to find her stripped as above of all that was in her, and a great hole in her bottom. After they had mused a while upon this, they set up two or three great shouts, hallooing with all their might, to try if they could make their companions hear; but all was to no purpose: then they came all close in a ring, and fired a volley of their small arms, ring: but it was all one; those in the cave, we were which, indeed, we heard, and the echoes made the woods sure, could not hear; and those in our keeping, though they heard it well enough, yet durst give no answer to them. They were so astonished at the surprise of this, that, as they told us afterwards, they resolved to go all on board again to their ship, and let them know that the men were all murdered, and the long-boat staved; accordingly, they immediately launched their boat again, and got all of them on board.

I mused for some time upon what he had said, and found it was a very rational conclusion, and that therefore something was to be resolved on speedily, as well to draw the men on board into some snare for their surprise, as to prevent their landing upon us, and destroying us. Upon this, it presently occurred to me that in a little while the ship's crew, wondering what was become of their comrades and of the boat, would certainly come on shore in their other boat to look for them, and that then, perhaps, they might come armed, and be too strong for us: this he allowed to be rational. Upon this, I told him the first thing we had to do was to stave the boat, which lay upon the beach, so that they might not carry her off, and taking everything out of her, leave her so far useless as not to be fit to swim. Accordingly we went on board, took the arms which were left on board out of her, and whatever else we found there, which was a bottle of brandy, and another of rum, a few biscuit-cakes, a horn of powder, and a great lump of sugar in a piece of canvas (the sugar was five or six pounds); all which was very welcome to me, especially the brandy and sugar, of which I had had none left for many years.

When we had carried all these things on shore (the oars, mast, sail, and rudder of the boat were carried away before), we knocked a great hole in her bottom, that if they had come strong enough to master us, yet they could not carry off the boat. Indeed, it was not much in my thoughts that we could be able to recover the ship; but my view was, that if they went away without the boat, I did not much question to make her again fit to carry us to the Leeward Islands, and call upon our friends the Spaniards in my way, for I had them still in my thoughts.

While we were thus preparing our designs, and had first, by main strength, heaved the boat upon the beach, so high that the tide would not float her off at highwater mark, and besides, had broke a hole in her bottom too big to be quickly stopped, and were set down musing what we should do, we heard the ship fire a gun, and make a waft with her ensign as a signal for the boat to come on board: but no boat stirred; and they fired several times, making other signals for the boat. At last, when all their signals and firing proved fruitless, and they found the boat did not stir, we saw them, by the help of my glasses, hoist another boat out, and row towards the shore; and we found, as they approached, that there were no less than ten men in her, and that they had fire-arms with them.

As the ship lay almost two leagues from the shore, we had a full view of them as they came, and a plain sight even of their faces; because the tide having set them a little to the east of the other boat, they rowed up under shore, to come to the same place where the other had landed, and where the boat lay; by this I say, we had a full view of them, and the captain knew the persons and characters of all the men in the boat, of whom, he said, there were three very honest fellows, who, he was sure, were led into this conspiracy by the rest, being overpowered and frightened; but that as for the boatswain, who it seems was

means,

conThe captain was terribly amazed, and even founded, at this, believing they would go on board the ship again, and set sail, giving their comrades over for lost, and so he should still lose the ship, which he was in hopes we should have recovered; but he was quickly as much frightened the other way.

They had not been long put off with the boat, when we perceived them all coming on shore again; but with this new measure in their conduct, which it seems they consulted together upon, viz. to leave three men in the boat, and the rest to go on shore, and go up into the country to look for their fellows. This was a great disappointment to us, for now we were at a loss what to do, as our seizing those seven men on shore would be no advantage to us if we let the boat escape; because they would row away to the ship, and then the rest of them would be sure to weigh and set sail, and so our recovering the ship would be lost. However, we had no remedy but to wait and see what the issue of things

As soon as I perceived them go towards the shore, I imagined it to be as it really was, that they had given over their search, and were going back again; and the captain, as soon as I told him my thoughts, was ready to sink at the apprehensions of it: but I presently thought of a stratagem to fetch them back again, and which answered my end to a tittle. I ordered Friday and the captain's mate to go over the little creek westward, towards the place where the savages came on shore when Friday was rescued, and so soon as they came to a little rising ground, at about half a mile and wait till they found the seamen heard them; that distance, I bade them halloo out, as loud as they could, as soon as ever they heard the seamen answer them, they should return it again; and then, keeping out of sight, take a round, always answering when the others hallooed, to draw them as far into the island and among the woods as possible, and then wheel about again to me by such ways as I directed them.

They were just going into the boat when Friday and the mate hallooed; and they presently heard them, and, answering, ran along the shore westward, towards the voice they heard, when they were stopped by the over; as, indeed, I expected. When they had set themcreek, where, the water being up, they could not get over, and called for the boat to come up and set them selves over, I observed that the boat being gone a good way into the creek, and, as it were, in a harbour within the land, they took one of the three men out of her, to go along with them, and left only two in the boat, having fastened her to the stump of a little tree on the I took the rest with me; and, crossing the creek out of shore. This was what I wished for; and immediately their sight, we surprised the two men before they were leaving Friday and the captain's mate to their business, aware-one of them lying on the shore, and the other being in the boat. The fellow on shore was between down; and then called out to him in the boat to yield, There needed very few argusleeping and waking, and going to start up; the captain, who was foremost, ran in upon him, and knocked him or he was a dead man. ments to persuade a single man to yield, when he saw five men upon him, and his comrade knocked down: besides, this was, it seems, one of the three who were not so hearty in the mutiny as the rest of the crew, and therefore was easily persuaded not only to yield, but afterwards to join very sincerely with us. meantime, Friday and the captain's mate so well managed their business with the rest, that they drew them, by hallooing and answering, from one hill to another, and from one wood to another, till they not only heartily tired them, but left them where they were very sure they could not reach back to the boat before

In the

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it was dark; and, indeed, they were heartily tired themselves also, by the time they came back to us. We had nothing now to do but to watch for them in the dark, and to fall upon them, so as to make sure work with them. It was several hours after Friday came back to me before they came back to their boat; and we could hear the foremost of them, long before they came quite up, calling to those behind to come along; and could also hear them answer, and complain how lame and tired they were, and not able to come any faster which was very welcome news to us. At length they came up to the boat: but it is impossible to express their confusion when they found the boat fast aground in the creek, the tide ebbed out, and their two men gone. We could hear them call one to another in a most lamentable manner, telling one another they were got into an enchanted island; that either there were inhabitants in it, and they should all be murdered, or else there were devils and spirits in it, and they should be all carried away and devoured. They hallooed again, and called their two comrades by their names a great many times; but no answer. After some time, we could see them, by the little light there was, run about, wringing their hands like men in despair, and sometimes they would go and sit down in the boat to rest themselves: then come ashore again, and walk about again, and so the same thing over again. My men would fain have had me give them leave to fall upon them at once in the dark; but I was willing to take them at some advantage, so as to spare them, and kill as few of them as I could; and especially I was unwilling to hazard the killing of any of our men, knowing the others were very well armed. I resolved to wait, to see if they did not separate; and therefore, to make sure of them, I drew my ambuscade nearer, and ordered Friday and the captain to creep upon their hands and feet, as close to the ground as they could, that they might not be discovered, and get as near them as they possibly could, before they

offered to fire.

They had not been long in that posture, when the boatswain, who was the principal ringleader of the mutiny, and had now shown himself the most dejected and dispirited of all the rest, came walking towards them, with two more of the crew; the captain was so eager at having this principal rogue so much in his power, that he could hardly have patience to let him come so near as to be sure of him, for they only heard his tongue before: but when they came nearer, the captain and Friday, starting up on their feet, let fly at them. The boatswain was killed upon the spot: the next man was shot in the body, and fell just by him, though he did not die till an hour or two after; and the third ran for it. At the noise of the fire, I immediately advanced with my whole army, which was now eight men; viz. myself, generalissimo; Friday, my lieutenantgeneral; the captain and his two men, and the three prisoners of war whom we had trusted with arms. We came upon them, indeed, in the dark, so that they could not see our number; and I made the man they had left in the boat, who was now one of us, to call them by name, to try if I could bring them to a parley and so perhaps might reduce them to terms; which fell out just as we desired: for, indeed, it was easy to think, as their condition then was, they would be very willing to capitulate. So he calls out as loud as he could to one of them, "Tom Smith! Tom Smith!" Tom Smith answered immediately, "Is that Robinson?" for it seems he knew the voice. The other answered, "Ay, ay; for God's sake, Tom Smith, throw down your arms and yield, or you are all dead men this moment." "Who must we yield to? Where are they?" says Smith again. "Here they are," says he; "here's our captain and fifty men with him, have been hunting you these two hours; the boatswain is killed, Will Fry is wounded, and I am a prisoner; and if you do not yield, you are all lost." "Will they give us quarter then?" says Tom Smith, "and we will yield." "I'll go and ask, if you promise to yield," said Robinson: so he asked the captain; and the captain himself then calls out, You, Smith, you know my voice; if you lay down your arms immediately, and submit, you shall have your lives, all but Will Atkins."

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Our next work was to repair the boat, and think of seizing the ship: and as for the captain, now he had leisure to parley with them, he expostulated with them upon the villany of their practices with him, and upon the further wickedness of their design, and how certainly it must bring them to misery and distress in the end, and perhaps to the gallows. They all appeared very penitent, and begged hard for their lives. As for that, he told them they were not his prisoners, but the commander's of the island; that they thought they had set him on shore in a barren, uninhabited island; but it had pleased God so to direct them, that it was inhabited, and that the governor was an Englishman; that he might hang them all there, if he pleased; but as he had given them all quarter, he supposed he would send them to England, to be dealt with there as justice required, except Atkins, whom he was commanded by the governor to advise to prepare for death, for that he would be hanged in the morning.

Though this was all but a fiction of his own, yet it had its desired effect; Atkins fell upon his knees, to beg the captain to intercede with the governor for his life; and all the rest begged of him, for God's sake, that they might not be sent to England.

It now occurred to me, that the time of our deliverance was come, and that it would be a most easy thing to bring these fellows in to be hearty in getting possession of the ship; so I retired in the dark from them, that they might not see what kind of a governor they had, and called the captain to me; when I called, at a good distance, one of the men was ordered to speak again, and say to the captain, "Captain, the commander calls for you;" and presently the captain replied, "Tell his Excellency, I am just coming." This more perfectly amazed them, and they all believed that the commander was just by, with his fifty men. Upon the captain coming to me, I told him my project for seizing the ship, which he liked wonderfully well, and resolved to put it in execution the next morning. But, in order to execute it with more art, and to be secure of success, I told him we must divide the prisoners, and that he should go and take Atkins, and two more of the worst of them, and send them pinioned to the cave where the others lay. This was committed to Friday and the two men who came on shore with the captain. They conveyed them to the cave as to a prison: and it was, indeed, a dismal place, especially to men in their condition. The others I ordered to my bower, as I called it, of which I have given a full description: and as it was fenced in, and they pinioned, the place was secure enough, considering they were upon their behaviour.

To these in the morning I sent the captain, who was to enter into a parley with them; in a word, to try them, and tell me whether he thought they might be trusted or not to go on board and surprise the ship. He talked to them of the injury done him, of the condition they were brought to, and that though the governor had given them quarter for their lives as to the present action, yet that if they were sent to England, they would all be hanged in chains; but that if they would join in so just an attempt as to recover the ship, he would have the governor's engagement for their pardon.

Any one may guess how readily such a proposal would be accepted by men in their condition; they fell down on their knees to the captain, and promised, with the deepest imprecations, that they would be faithful to him to the last drop, and that they should owe their lives to him, and would go with him all over the world; that they would own him as a father to them as long as they lived. "Well," says the captain, "I must go and tell the governor what you say, and see what I can do to bring him to consent to it." So he brought me an account of the temper he found them in, and that he verily believed they would be faithful. However, that we might be very secure, I told him he should go back again and choose out those five, and tell them, that they might see he did not want men, that he would take out those five to be his assistants, and that the governor would keep the other two and the three that were sent prisoners to the castle (my cave), as hostages for the fidelity of those five; and that if they proved unfaithful in the execution, the five hostages should be hanged in Upon this, Will Atkins cried out, "For God's sake, chains alive on the shore. This looked severe, and concaptain, give me quarter; what have I done? They vinced them that the governor was in earnest; however, have all been as bad as I:" which, by the way, was not they had no way left them but to accept it; and it was true; for, it seems, this Will Atkins was the first man now the business of the prisoners, as much as of the that laid hold of the captain, when they first mutinied, captain, to persuade the other five to do their duty. and used him barbarously, in tying his hands, and giving Our strength was now thus ordered for the expedihim injurious language. However, the captain told him tion: first, the captain, his mate, and passenger: second, he must lay down his arms at discretion, and trust to the two prisoners of the first gang, to whom, having the governor's mercy: by which he meant me, for they their character from the captain, I had given their all called me governor. In a word, they all laid down liberty, and trusted them with arms: third, the other their arms, and begged their lives; and I sent the man two that I had kept till now in my bower pinioned, but, that had parleyed with them, and two more, who bound on the captain's motion had now released: fourth, these them all; and then my great army of fifty men, which, five released at last; so that they were twelve in all, with those three, were in all but eight, came up and besides the five we kept prisoners in the cave for seized upon them, and upon their boat; only that hostages. I kept myself and one more out of sight, for reasons of state.

I asked the captain if he was willing to venture with these hands on board the ship; but as for me and my

man Friday, I did not think it was proper for us to stir, having seven men left behind; and it was employment enough for us to keep them asunder, and supply them with victuals. As to the five in the cave, I resolved to keep them fast, but Friday went in twice a day to them, to supply them with necessaries; and I made the other two carry provisions to a certain distance, where Friday was to take them.

When I showed myself to the two hostages, it was with the captain, who told them I was the person the governor had ordered to look after them; and that it was the governor's pleasure they should not stir anywhere but by my direction; that if they did, they would be fetched into the castle, and be laid in irons: so that as we never suffered them to see me as governor, I now appeared as another person, and spoke of the governor, the garrison, the castle, and the like, upon all occasions.

The captain now had no difficulty before him, but to furnish his two boats, stop the breach of one, and man them. He made his passenger captain of one, with four of the men; and himself, his mate, and five more, went in the other; and they contrived their business very well, for they came up to the ship about midnight. As soon as they came within call of the ship, he made Robinson hail them, and tell them they had brought off the men and the boat, but that it was a long time before they had found them, and the like; holding them in chat till they came to the ship's side; when the captain and the mate entering first with their arms, immediately knocked down the second mate and carpenter with the butt-end of their muskets, being very faithfully seconded by their men; they secured all the rest that were upon the main and quarter-decks, and began to fasten the hatches, to keep them down that were below; when tho other boat and their men, entering at the forechains, secured the forcastle of the ship, and the scuttle which went down into the cook-room, making three men they found there prisoners. When this was done, and all safe upon deck, the captain ordered the mate, with three men, to break into the round-house, where the new rebel captain lay, who, having taken the alarm, had got up, and with two men and a boy had got firearms in their hands; and when the mate, with a crow, split open the door, the new captain and his men fired boldly among them, and wounded the mate with a musket ball, which broke his arm, and wounded two more of the men, but killed nobody. The mate, calling for help, rushed, however, into the round-house, wounded as he was, and, with his pistol, shot the new captain through the head, the bullet entering at his mouth, and came out again behind one of his ears, so that he never spoke a word more: upon which the rest yielded, and the ship was taken effectually, without any more lives lost.

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As soon as the ship was thus secured, the captain ordered seven guns to be fired, which was the signal agreed upon with me to give me notice of his success, which, you may be sure, I was very glad to hear, having sat watching upon the shore for it till near two o'clock in the morning. Having thus heard the signal plainly, I laid me down; and it having been a day of great fatigue to me, I slept very sound, till I was surprised with the noise of a gun; and presently starting up, I heard a man call me by the name of "Governor! Governor!" and presently I knew the captain's voice; when, climbing up to the top of the hill, there he stood, and, pointing to the ship, he embraced me in his arms. My dear friend and deliverer," says he, "there's your ship; for she's all yours, and so are we, and all that belong to her." I cast my eyes to the ship, and there she rode, within little more than half a mile of the shore; for they had weighed her anchor as soon as they were masters of her, and, the weather being fair, had brought her to an anchor just against the mouth of the little creek; and, the tide being up, the captain had brought the pinnace in near the place where I had first landed my rafts, and so landed just at my door. I was at first ready to sink down with surprise; for I saw my deliverance, indeed, visibly put into my hands, all things casy, and a large ship just ready to carry me away whither I pleased to go. At first, for some time, I was not able to answer him one word; but as he had taken me in his arms, I held fast by him, or I should have fallen to the ground. He perceived the surprise, and immediately pulled a bottle out of his pocket and gave me a dram of cordial, which he had brought on purpose for me. After I had drunk it, I sat down upon the ground; and though it brought me to myself, yet it was a good while before I could speak a word to him. All this time the poor man was in as great an ecstasy as I, only not under any surprise as I was; and he said a thousand kind and tender things to me, to compose and bring me to myself; but such was the flood of joy in my breast, that it put all my spirits into confusion; at last it broke out into tears; and, in a little while after, I recovered my speech. I then took my turn, and embraced him as my deliverer, and we rejoiced together. I told him I looked upon him as a man sent by Heaven to deliver me, and that the whole transaction

seemed to be a chain of wonders; that such things as
these were the testimonies we had of a secret hand of
Providence governing the world, and an evidence that
the eye of an infinite Power could search into the re- I
motest corner of the world, and send help to the miser-
able whenever He pleased. I forgot not to lift up my
heart in thankfulness to Heaven; and what heart could
forbear to bless Him, who had not only in a miraculous
manner provided for me in such a wilderness, and in
such a desolate condition, but from whom every deliver-
ance must always be acknowledged to proceed.
When we had talked a while, the captain told me he
had brought me some little refreshment, such as his
ship afforded, and such as the wretches that had been
so long his masters had not plundered him of. Upon
this, he called aloud to the boat, and bade his men bring
the things ashore that were for the governor; and,
indeed, it was a present as if I had been one that was
not to be carried away with them, but as if I had been
to dwell upon the island still. First, he had brought
me a case of bottles full of excellent cordial waters,
six large bottles of Madeira wine (the bottles held two
quarts each), two pounds of excellent good tobacco,
twelve good pieces of the ship's beef, and six pieces of
pork, with a bag of peas, and about a hundred-weight of
biscuit; he also brought me a box of sugar, a box of
flour, a bag full of lemons, and two bottles of lime-juice,
and abundance of other things. But besides these, and
what was a thousand times more useful to me, he brought
me six new clean shirts, six very good neckcloths, two
pairs of gloves, one pair of shoes, a hat, and one pair of
stockings, with a very good suit of clothes of his own,
which had been worn but very little: in a word, he
clothed me from head to foot. It was a very kind and
agreeable present, as any one may imagine, to one in
my circumstances; but never was anything in the world
of that kind so unpleasant, awkward, and uneasy as
it was to me to wear such clothes at first.

After these ceremonies were past, and after all his good things were brought into my little apartment, we began to consult what was to be done with the prisoners we had; for it was worth considering whether we might venture to take them away with us or no, especially two of them, whom he knew to be incorrigible and refractory to the last degree; and the captain said he knew they were such rogues that there was no obliging them, and if he did carry them away, it must be in irons, as malefactors, to be delivered over to justice at the first English colony he could come to; and I found that the captain himself was very anxious about it. Upon this, I told him that, if he desired it, I would undertake to bring the two men he spoke of to make it their own request that he should leave them upon the island. "I should be very glad of that," says the captain, "with all my heart." "Well," says I, "I will send for them up, and talk with them for you." So I caused Friday and the two hostages, for they were now discharged, their comrades having performed their promise; I say, I caused them to go to the cave, and bring up the five men, pinioned as they were, to the bower, and keep them there till I came. After some time I came thither dressed in my new habit; and now I was called governor again. Being all met, and the captain with me, I caused the men to be brought before me, and I told them I had got a full account of their villainous behaviour to the captain, and how they had run away with the ship, and were preparing to commit further robberies, but that Providence had ensnared them in their own ways, and that they were fallen into the pit which they had dug for others. I let them know that by my direction the ship had been seized; that she lay now in the road; and they might see by and by that their new captain had received the reward of his villany, and that they would see him hanging at the yard-arm; that, as to them, I wanted to know what they had to say why I should not execute them as pirates, taken in the fact, as by my commission they could not doubt but I had authority so to do.

Some time after this, the boat was ordered on shore, the tide being up, with the things promised to the men; to which the captain, at my intercession, caused their chests and clothes to be added, which they took, and were very thankful for. I also encouraged them, by telling them, that if it lay in my power to send any vessel to take them in, I would not forget them.

they were my prisoners, not his; and that seeing I had captain to take them on board, though he hanged them
offered them so much favour, I would be as good as my immediately. Upon this, the captain pretended to have
word; and that if he did not think fit to consent to it no power without me; but after some difficulty, and after
would set them at liberty, as I found them, and if he their solemn promises of amendment, they were taken
did not like it, he might take them again if he could on board, and were, some time after, soundly whipped
catch them. Upon this, they appeared very thankful, and pickled; after which they proved very honest and
and I accordingly set them at liberty, and bade them re- quiet fellows.
tire into the woods, to the place whence they came, and
I would leave them some fire-arms, some ammunition,
and some directions how they should live very well, if
they thought fit. Upon this I prepared to go on board
the ship; but told the captain I would stay that night
to prepare my things, and desired him to go on board in
the meantime, and keep all right in the ship, and send
the boat on shore next day for me; ordering him at all
events, to cause the new captain, who was killed, to be
hung at the yard-arm, that these men might see him.
When the captain was gone, I sent for the men up
to me to my apartment, and entered seriously into dis-
course with them on their circumstances. I told them I
thought they had made a right choice; that if the captain
had carried them away, they would certainly be hanged.
I showed them the new captain hanging at the yard-arm
of the ship, and told them they had nothing less to
expect.
When they had all declared their willingness to stay,
I then told them I would let them into the story of my
living there, and put them into the way of making it
easy to them. Accordingly, I gave them the whole
history of the place, and of my coming to it; showed

When I took leave of this island, I carried on board, for reliques, the great goat-skin cap I had made, my umbrella, and one of my parrots: also, I forgot not to take the money I formerly mentioned, which had laid by me so long useless that it was grown rusty or tarnished, and could hardly pass for silver till it had been a little rubbed and handled, as also the money I found in the wreck of the Spanish ship. And thus I left the island, the 19th of December, as I found by the ship's account, in the year 1686, after I had been upon it eightand-twenty years, two months, and nineteen days; being delivered from this second captivity the same day of the month that I first made my escape in the long-boat from among the Moors of Sallee. In this vessel, after a long voyage, I arrived in England the 11th of June, in the year 1687, having been thirty-five years absent.

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them my fortifications, the way I made my bread,
planted my corn, cured my grapes; and, in a word, all
that was necessary to make them easy. I told them
the story also of the seventeen Spaniards that were to
be expected, for whom I left a letter, and made them
promise to treat them in common with themselves.
Here it may be noted that the captain, who had ink on
board, was greatly surprised that I never hit upon a
way of making ink of charcoal and water, or of some-
thing else, as I had done things much more difficult.

I left them my fire-arms, viz. five muskets, three
fowling-pieces, and three swords. I had above a barrel
and a half of powder left; for after the first year or two
description of the way I managed the goats, and
directions to milk and fatten them, and to make both
butter and cheese. In a word I gave them every part
of my own story; and told them I should prevail with
the captain to leave them two barrels of gunpowder
more, and some garden-seeds, which I told them I would
have been very glad of. Also, I gave them the bag of
peas which the captain had brought me to eat, and bade
them be sure to sow and increase them.

When I came to England, I was as perfect a stranger to all the world as if I had never been known there. My benefactor and faithful steward, whom I had left my money in trust with, was alive, but had had great misfortunes in the world, was become a widow the second time, and very low in the world. I made her very easy as to what she owed me, assuring her I would give her no trouble; but, on the contrary, in gratitude for her former care and faithfulness to me, I relieved her as my little stock would afford; which at that time would, indeed, allow me to do but little for her: but I assured her I would never forget her former kindness to me ; nor did I forget her when I had sufficient to help her, as shall be observed shire; but my father was dead, and my mother and all the family extinct, except that I found two sisters, and two of the children of one of my brothers; and as I had been long ago given over for dead, there had been no provision made for me; so that, in a word, I found nothing to relieve or assist me; and that the little money I had would not do much for me as to settling in the world.

One of them answered in the name of the rest, that they had nothing to say but this, that when they were taken, the captain promised them their lives, and they humbly implored my mercy. But I told them I knew not what mercy to show them; for as for myself, I had resolved to quit the island with all my men, and had I used but little, and wasted none. I gave them a in its proper place. I went down afterwards into Yorktaken passage with the captain to go for England; and as for the captain, he could not carry them to England, other than as prisoners in irons, to be tried for mutiny, and running away with the ship; the consequence of which, they must needs know, would be the gallows; so that I could not tell what was best for them, unless they Lad a mind to take their fate in the island. If they desired that, as I had liberty to leave the island, I had some inclination to give them their lives, if they thought they could shift on shore. They seemed very thankful for it, and said they would much rather venture to stay there than be carried to England to be hanged. So I left it on that issue.

However, the captain seemed to make some difficulty of it, as if he durst not leave them there. Upon this, I seemed a little angry with the captain, and told him that

Having done all this, I left them the next day, and went on board the ship. We prepared immediately to sail, but did not weigh that night. The next morning early, two of the five men came swimming to the ship's side, and, making the most lamentable complaint of the other three, begged to be taken into the ship for God's sake, for they should be murdered, and begged the

I met with one piece of gratitude, indeed, which I did not expect; and this was, that the master of the ship, whom I had so happily delivered, and by the same means saved the ship and cargo, having given a very handsome account to the owners of the manner of how I had saved the lives of the men, and the ship, they invited me to meet them and some other merchants concerned, and all together made me a very handsome compliment upon the subject, and a present of almost £200 sterling.

But after making several reflections upon the circumstances of my life, and how little way this would go towards settling me in the world, I resolved to go to Lisbon, and see if I might not come at some information of the state of my plantation in the Brazils, and of what was become of my partner, who, I had reason to suppose, had some years past given me over for dead. With this view, I took shipping for Lisbon, where I arrived in April following; my man Friday accompanying me very honestly in all these ramblings and proving a most faithful servant on all occasions. When I came to Lisbon, I found out, by inquiry, and to my particular satisfaction, my old friend, the captain of the ship, who first took me up at sea, off the shore of Africa. He was now grown old, and had left off going to sea, having put his son, who was far from a young man, into his ship, and who still used the Brazil trade. The old man did not know me; and indeed, I hardly knew him. But I soon brought him to my remembrance, and as soon brought myself to his remembrance, when I told him who I After some passionate expressions of the old acquaintance between us, I inquired, you may be sure, after my plantation and my partner. The old man told me he had not been in the Brazils for about nine years; but that he could assure me, that when he came away my partner was living; but the trustees, whom I had joined with him to take cognizance of my part, were both dead: that, however, he believed I would have a very good account of the improvement of the plantation; for that, upon the general belief of my being cast away and

was.

the register of the country; also he told me that the survivors of my two trustees were very fair, honest people, and very wealthy; and he believed I would not only have their assistance for putting me in possession, but would find a very considerable sum of money in their hands for my account, being the produce of the farm while their fathers held the trust, and before it was given up, as above; which as he remembered, was for about twelve years.

I showed myself a little concerned and uneasy at this account, and inquired of the old captain how it came to pass that the trustees should thus dispose of my effects, when he knew that I had made my will, and had made him, the Portuguese captain, my universal heir, &c. He told me that was true; but that as there was no proof of my being dead, he could not act as executor, until some certain account should come of my death; and, besides, he was not willing to intermeddle with a thing so remote: that it was true he had registered my will, and put in his claim; and could he have given any account of my being dead or alive, he would have acted by procuration, and taken possession of the ingenio (so they call the sugar-house), and have given his son, who was now at the Brazils, orders to do it. "But," says the old man, "I have one piece of news to tell you, which perhaps may not be so acceptable to you as the rest; and that is, believing you were lost, and all the world believing so also, your partner and trustees did offer to account with me, in your name, for the first six or eight years' profits, which I received. There being at that time great disbursements for increasing the

I was too much moved with the honesty and kindness of the poor man to be able to bear this; and remembering what he had done for me, how he had taken me up at sea, and how generously he had used me on all occasions, and particularly how sincere a friend he was now to me, I could hardly refrain weeping at what he had said to me; therefore, I asked him if his circumstances admitted him to spare so much money at that time, and if it would not straiten him? He told me he could not say but it might straiten him a little; but, however, it was my money, and I might want it more than he. Everything the good man said was full of affection, and I could hardly refrain from tears while he spoke; in short, I took one hundred of the moidores, and called for a pen and ink to give him a receipt for them: then I returned him the rest, and told him if ever I had possession of the plantation I would return the other to him also (as, indeed, I afterwards did); and that as to the bill of sale of his part in his son's ship, I would not take it by any means; but that if I wanted the money, I found he was honest enough to pay me ; and if I did not, but came to receive what he gave me reason to expect, I would never have a penny more from him.

When this was past, the old man asked me if he should put me into a method to make my claim to my plantation. I told him I thought to go over to it myself. He said I might do so if I pleased; but that, if I did not, there were ways enough to secure my right, and immediately to appropriate the profits to my use: and as there were ships in the river of Lisbon just

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FRIDAY DELIVERS THE GUIDE FROM THE WOLVES.

drowned, my trustees had given in the account of the produce of my part of the plantation to the procuratorfiscal, who had appropriated it, in case I never came to claim it, one-third to the king, and two-thirds to the monastery of St. Augustine, to be expended for the benefit of the poor, and for the conversion of the Indians to the Catholic faith: but that, if I appeared, or any one for me, to claim the inheritance, it would be restored; only that the improvement, or annual production being distributed to charitable uses, could not be restored: but he assured me that the steward of the king's revenue from lands, and the providore, or steward of the monastery, had taken great care all along that the incumbent, that is to say, my partner, gave every year a faithful account of the produce, of which they had duly received my moiety. I asked him if he knew to what height of improvement he had brought the plantation, and whether he thought it might be worth looking after; or whether, on my going thither, I should meet with any obstruction to my possessing my just right in the moiety. He told me he could not tell exactly to what degree the plantation was improved; but this he knew, that my partner was grown exceeding rich upon the enjoying his part of it; and that, to the best of his remembrance, he had heard that the king's third of my part, which was, it seems, granted away to some other monastery or religious house, amounted to above two hundred moidores a year: that as to my being restored to a quiet possession of it, there was no question to be made of that, my partner being alive to witness my title, and my name being also enrolled in

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works, building an ingenio, and buying slaves, it did not amount to near so much as afterwards it produced: however," says the old man, "I shall give you a true account of what I have received in all, and how I have disposed of it."

After a few days' further conference with this ancient friend, he brought me an account of the first six years' income of my plantation, signed by my partner and the merchant-trustees, being always delivered in goods, viz. tobacco in roll, and sugar in chests, besides rum, molasses, &c. which is the consequence of a sugar-work; and I found by this account, that every year the income considerably increased; but, as above, the disbursements being large, the sum at first was small: however, the old man let me see that he was debtor to me four hundred and seventy moidores of gold, besides sixty chests of sugar, and fifteen double rolls of tobacco, which were lost in his ship; he having been shipwrecked coming home to Lisbon, about eleven years after my leaving the place. The good man then began to complain of his misfortunes, and how he had been obliged to make use of my money to recover his losses, and buy him a share in a new ship. "However, my old friend," says he," you shall not want a supply in your necessity; and as soon as my son returns, you shall be fully satisfied." Upon this he pulls out an old pouch, and gives me one hundred and sixty Portugal moidores in gold; and giving the writings of his title to the ship, which his son was gone to the Brazils in, of which he was quarter-part owner, and his son another, he puts them both into my hands for security of the rest.

THE FIGHT WITH THE WOLVES.

ready to go away to Brazil, he made me enter my name in a public register, with his affidavit, affirming, upon oath, that I was alive, and that I was the same person who took up the land for the planting the said plantation at first. This being regularly attested by a notary, and a procuration affixed, he directed me to send it, with a letter of his writing, to a merchant of his acquaintance at the place; and then proposed my staying with him till an account came of the return.

Never was anything more honourable than the proceedings upon this procuration; for in less than seven months I received a large packet from the survivors of my trustees, the merchants, for whose account I went to sea, in which were the following particular letters and papers inclosed.

First, there was the account current of the produce of my farm or plantation, from the year when their fathers had balanced with my old Portugal captain, being for six years; the balance appeared to be one thousand one hundred and seventy-four moidores in my favour.

Secondly, there was the account of four years more, while they kept the effects in their hands, before the government claimed the administration, as being the effects of a person not to be found, which they called civil death; and the balance of this, the value of the plantation increasing, amounted to nineteen thousand four hundred and forty-six crusadoes, being about three thousand two hundred and forty moidores.

Thirdly, there was the Prior of St. Augustine's account, who had received the profits for above fourteen years; but not being to account for what was disposed

LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF ROBINSON CRUSOE.

of by the hospital, very honestly declared he had eight hundred and seventy-two moidores not distributed, which he acknowledged to my account: as to the king's part, that refunded nothing. There was a letter of my partner's, congratulating me very affectionately upon my being alive, giving me an account how the estate was improved, and what it produced a year; with the particulars of the number of squares or acres that it contained, how planted, how many slaves there were upon it: and making two-andtwenty crosses for blessings told me he had said so many Ave Marias to thank the Blessed Virgin that I was alive; inviting me very passionately to come over and take possession of my own; and, in the meantime, to give him orders to whom he should deliver my effects, if I did not come myself; concluding with a hearty tender of his friendship, and that of his family; and sent me, as a present, seven fine leopards' skins, which he had, it seems, received from Africa by some other ship that he had sent thither, and which, it seems, had made a better voyage than I. He sent me also five chests of excellent sweetmeats, and a hundred pieces of gold uncoined, not quite so large as moidores. By the same one fleet, my two merchant-trustees shipped me thousand two hundred chests of sugar, eight hundred rolls of tobacco, and the rest of the whole account in gold. I might well say now, indeed, that the latter end of Job was better than the beginning. It is impossible to express the flutterings of my very heart when I found all my wealth about me; for as the Brazil ships come all in fleets, the same ships which brought my letters brought my goods: and the effects were safe in the river before the letters came to my hand. In a word, I turned pale, and grew sick; and, had not the old man run and fetched me a cordial, I believe the sudden surprise of joy had overset nature, and I had died upon the spot: nay, after that, I continued very ill, and was so some hours, till a physician being sent for, and something of the real cause of my illness being known, he ordered me to be let blood; after which I had relief, and grew well but I verily believe, if I had not been eased by a vent given in that manner to the spirits, I should have died.

I was now master, all on a sudden, of about five thousand pounds sterling in money, and had an estate, as I might well call it, in the Brazils, of above a thousand pounds a year, as sure as an estate of lands in England: and, in a word, I was in a condition which I scarce knew how to understand, or how to compose myself for the enjoyment of it. The first thing I did was to recompense my original benefactor, my good old captain, who had been first charitable to me in my distress, kind to me in my beginning, and honest to me at the end, I showed him all that was sent to me; I told him that, next to the providence of Heaven which disposed all things, it was owing to him; and that it now lay on me to reward him, which I would do a hundredfold: so I first returned to him the hundred moidores I had received of him; then I sent for a notary, and caused him to draw up a general release or discharge from the four hundred and seventy moidores, which he had acknowledged he owed me, in the fullest and firmest manner possible. After which, I caused a procuration to be drawn, empowering him to be the receiver of the annual profits of my plantation; and appointing my partner to account with him, and make the returns, by the usual fleets, to him in my name; and by a clause in the end, made a grant of one hundred moidores a year to him during his life, out of the effects, and fifty moidores a year to his son after him, for his life: and thus I requited my old man.

I had now to consider which way to steer my course next, and what to do with the estate that Providence had thus put into my hands; and indeed, I had more care upon my head now than I had in my silent state of life in the island, where I wanted nothing but what I had, and had nothing but what I wanted; whereas I had now a great charge upon me, and my business was how to secure it. I had not a cave now to hide my money in, or a place where it might lie without lock or key, till it grew mouldy and tarnished before anybody would meddle with it; on the contrary, I knew not where to put it, or whom to trust with it. My old patron, the captain, indeed, was honest, and that was the only refuge I had. In the next place, my interest in the Brazils seemed to summon me thither; but now I could not tell how to think of going thither till I had settled my affairs, and left my effects in some safe hands behind me. At first I thought of my old friend the widow, who I knew was honest, and would be just to me; but then she was in years, and but poor, and, for aught I knew, might be in debt; so that, in a word, I had no way but to go back to England myself, and take my effects with me.

It was some months, however, before I resolved upon this; and therefore, as I had rewarded the old captain fully, and to his satisfaction, who had been my former benefactor, so I began to think of the poor widow, whose husband had been my first benefactor, and she,

while it was in her power, my faithful steward and in-
structor. So, the first thing I did, I got a merchant in
Lisbon to write to his correspondent in London, not
only to pay a bill, but to go find her out, and carry
her, in money, a hundred pounds from me, and to talk
with her, and comfort her in her poverty, by telling her
she should, if I lived, have a further supply: at the
same time, I sent my two sisters in the country a
hundred pounds each, they being, though not in want,
yet not in very good circumstances; one having been
married and left a widow; and the other having a
husband not so kind to her as he should be. But,
among all my relations or acquaintances, I could not
yet pitch upon one to whom I durst commit the gross
of my stock, that I might go away to the Brazils, and
leave things safe behind me; and this greatly per-
plexed me.

I had once a mind to have gone to the Brazils, and
have settled myself there, for I was, as it were,
naturalized to the place; but I had some little scruple
in my mind about religion, which insensibly drew me
back. However, it was not religion that kept me from
going there for the present; and as I had made no
scruple of being openly of the religion of the country
all the while I was among them, so neither did I yet;
only that, now and then, having of late thought more
of it than formerly, when I began to think of living and
dying among them, I began to regret my having pro-
fessed myself a Papist, and thought it might not be
the best religion to die with.

But, as I have said, this was not the main thing that
kept me from going to the Brazils, but that really I
did not know with whom to leave my effects behind
me; so I resolved at last to go to England, where, if I
arrived, I concluded that I should make some acquaint-
ance, or find some relations, that would be faithful to
me; and, accordingly, I prepared to go to England with
all my wealth.

In order to prepare things for my going home, I first
(the Brazil fleet being just going away),resolved to give
answers suitable to the just and faithful account of
things I had from thence; and, first, to the Prior of St.
Augustine, I wrote a letter full of thanks for his just
dealings, and the offer of the eight hundred and
seventy-two moidores which were undisposed of, which
I desired might be given, five hundred to the monastery,
and three hundred and seventy-two to the poor, as the
prior should direct; desiring the good padre's prayers
for me, and the like. I wrote next a letter of thanks
to my two trustees, with all the acknowledgment that
so much justice and honesty called for: as for sending
them any present, they were far above having any
occasion of it. Lastly, I wrote to my partner, acknow-
ledging his industry in improving the plantation, and
his integrity in increasing the stock of the works;
had left with my
giving him instructions for his future government of
my part, according to the powers
old patron, to whom I desired him to send whatever
became due to me, till he should hear from me more
particularly; assuring him that it was my intention not
only to come to him, but to settle myself there for the
remainder of my life. To this I added a very handsome
present of some Italian silks for his wife and two
daughters, for such the captain's son informed me he
had; with two pieces of fine English broadcloth, the
best I could get in Lisbon, five pieces of black baize,
and some Flanders lace of a good value.

Having thus settled my affairs, sold my cargo, and
turned all my effects into good bills of exchange, my
next difficulty was which way to go to England: I had
been accustomed enough to the sea, and yet I had a
strange aversion to go to England by sea at that time;
so much, that though I
and though I could give no reason for it, yet the diffi-
culty increased upon me
had once shipped my baggage in order to go, yet
I altered my mind, and that not once, but two or
three times.

It is true I had been very unfortunate by sea, and
this might be one of the reasons; but let no man slight
the strong impulses of his own thoughts in cases of such
moment: two of the ships which I had singled out to go
in, I mean more particularly singled out than any other,
having put my things on board one of them, and in the
other having agreed with the captain; I say two of these
ships miscarried; viz. one was taken by the Algerines, and
the other was cast away on the Start, near Torbay, and
all the people drowned, except three; so that in either
of those vessels I had been made miserable.

Having been thus harassed in my thoughts, my old pilot, to whom I communicated everything, pressed me earnestly not to go by sea, but either to go by land to the Groyne, and cross over the Bay of Biscay to Rochelle, from whence it was but an easy and safe journey by land to Paris, and so to Calais and Dover; or to go up to Madrid, and so all the way by land through France. In a word, I was so prepossessed against my going by sea at all, except from Calais to Dover, that I resolved to travel all the way by land; which, as I was not in haste, and did not value the charge, was by much the pleasanter way: and to make it more so, my old captain brought

an English gentleman, the son of a merchant in Lisbon,
who was willing to travel with me; after which we
picked up two more English merchants also, and two
young Portuguese gentlemen, the last going to Paris
only; so that in all, there were six of us, and five
servants; the two merchants and the two Portuguese
contenting themselves with one servant between two,
to save the charge; and as for me, I got an English
sailor to travel with me as a servant, besides my man
In this manner I set out for Lisbon; and our
Friday, who was too much a stranger to be capable of
supplying the place of a servant on the road.
company being very well mounted and armed, we made
a little troop, whereof they did me the honour to call
of the whole journey.
me captain, as well because I was the oldest man, as
because I had two servants, and, indeed, was the origin

As I have troubled you with none of my sea journals,
so I shall trouble you now with none of my land
journal; but some adventures that happened to us
When we came to Madrid, we, being all of us strangers
in this tedious and difficult journey I must not
omit.
to Spain, were willing to stay some time to see the
court of Spain, and what was worth observing; but, it
being the latter part of the summer, we hastened away,
and set out from Madrid about the middle of October;
that so much snow was fallen on the French side of the
but when we came to the edge of the Navarre, we were
alarmed, at several towns on the way, with an account
mountains, that several travellers were obliged to come
back to Pampeluna, after having attempted at an
extreme hazard to pass on.

When we came to Pampeluna itself, we found it so indeed; and to me, that had been always used to a hot it more painful than surprising, to come but ten days climate, and to countries where I could scarce bear any clothes on, the cold was insufferable: nor, indeed, was before out of Old Castile, where the weather was not only warm, but very hot, and immediately to feel a wind from the Pyrenean Mountains so very keen, so Poor Friday was really frightened when he saw the severely cold, as to be intolerable, and to endanger benumbing and perishing of our fingers and toes. mountains all covered with snow, and felt cold weather, which he had never seen or felt before in his life. To mend the matter, when we came to Pampeluna, it continued snowing with so much violence and so long, that the people said winter was come before its time; and the roads, which were difficult before, were now quite impassable; for, in a word, the snow lay in some places too thick for us to travel, and being not hard frozen, s is the case in the northern countries, there was no going without being in danger of being buried alive every step. We stayed no less than twenty days at Pampelikelihood of its being better, for it was the severest luna; when (seeing the winter coming on, and no winter all over Europe that had been known in the But, while I was considering memory of man), I proposed that we should go away to Fontarabia, and there take shipping to Bordeaux, which was a very little voyage. this, there came in four French gentlemen, who, having been stopped on the French side of the passes, as we were on the Spanish, had found out a guide, who, were not much incommoded with the snow; for where traversing the country near the head of Languedoc, had brought them over the mountains by such ways that they they met with snow in any quantity, they said it was frozen hard enough to bear them and their horses. We sent for this guide, who told us he would undertake to carry us the same way, with no hazard from the snow, provided we were armed sufficiently to protect ourselves was frequent for some wolves to show themselves at the from wild beasts; for, he said, in these great snows, it we were well enough prepared for such creatures as they foot of the mountains, being made ravenous by want of food, the ground being covered with snow. We told him were, if he would insure us from a kind of two-legged wolves, which, we were told, we were in most danger from, especially on the French side of the mountains. He satisfied us that there was no danger of that kind in the way that we were to go; so we readily agreed to follow him, as did also twelve other gentlemen, with their servants, some French, some Spanish, who, as I said, had attempted to go, and were obliged to come back again.

Accordingly, we set out from Pampeluna with our guide, on the 15th of November; and, indeed, I was surprised, when, instead of going forward, he came directly back with us on the same road that we came from Madrid, about twenty miles; when, having passed two rivers, and come into the plain country, we found ourselves in a warm climate again, where the country was pleasant, and no snow to be seen; but, on a sudden, turning to his left, he approached the mountains another way; and though it is true the hills and precipices looked dreadful, yet he made so many tours, such meanders, and led us by such winding ways, that we insensibly passed the height of the mountains without being much encumbered with the snow; and all on a sudden, he

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