The Ottoman Empire, Its Record and Legacy

Abdul Hamid administrative Ahmed Riza al-Din Albanian American Anatolia Arabic armed forces Armenian army Balkans became Byzantine Caliph Christian Church cities civilization communities Constantinople corps court culture Dervishes economic Egypt eighteenth century Enver Pasha established ethnic eunuchs Europe European foreign French German grand vezir Greek harem Hatt-i imperial influence institutions Islam Istanbul Janissaries kadi Kadin landed fiefs literature Mahmud Mahmud II Mehmed ment military millet Minister modern mosque Muhammad Murad Muslim Mustafa Kemal Namik Kemal navy negotiate nineteenth century non-Muslims officials organization Otto Ottoman Empire Ottoman rule Palace School Pan-Islamism Pan-Turanism Patriarch peasants period Persian political provinces rayah reforms religion religious Roxelana rulers Russia sacred law secular Selim Selim III Serbian sixteenth century slaves social Sublime Porte Suleiman the Magnificent Sultan Tanzimat taxes territories tiles timar tion traditional Treaty troops Turkey Turkish ulema ümmet Vilayet villages Western Young Turks Ziya