themselves to be autochthones, ib.; united with the Lydians and Mysians in the worship of the Carian Zeus, ib.; topography of the interior, ib.; topography of the coast, 223. Carian settlement near Bubastis, 373. Carina, 227.
Carmania, including Sagartii, Saran- gees, Thamanaei, Utii, and Mici, 297.
Carpathus, island of, 96. Carpis, river, 176.
CARTHAGE, situated on a peninsula at the bottom of the Gulf of Tunis, 552; boundaries of the Carthaginian em- pire, 553; jealousy of the people an effectual bar to the progress of geo- graphical science, ib.; Herodotus's ignorance of Carthage, ib. Caryanda, 223.
Carystus, 109.
Casius, Mount, 378.
Casmene, 92. Caspatyrus, 198.
Caspian Gates, 291.
CASPIAN, East, PROVINCES, Comprising Sacae and Caspii, 293; costume, ib.; Amyrgian Sacae, a Scythian tribe, conquered by Persia, ib.; situ- ated between the Oxus and Jaxartes, ib.; Caspii north of the ancient mouth of the Oxus, 294. CASPIAN, South, PROVINCES, compris- ing Caspii, Pausicae, Pantimathi, and Dareitae, 289; costume of the Caspii, 290; identification of this satrapy with Ghilan, Mazanderan, and As- trabad, ib.
Caspian Sea, 25.
Cassiterides, 22.
Castalian Spring, general description of, 75.
Catarrhactes, river, sources of, 237. Catiari, 160.
Cats, sacred to the Aegyptian Pasht, 503.
Caucasus, Mount, general description, 190; Herodotus's account of the mountain and people, ib. Caucones of Elis, 45. Caunus, its inhabitants really autoch- thones, 222. Cayster, river, 233.
Ceians, banqueting-hall at Delos, 98. Celaenae, 237.
Celtae, 174, 175.
Ceos, island of, 98.
Ceos, a promontory of Salamis, 109. Cephallenia, 91. Cephenes, 270. Cephissus, river, 79. Ceramic Gulf, 221.
Cercasorus, 364. Ceraunian mountains, 27. Cercopes, 83.
Chalcidice, peninsula of, 114. Chalcis, 108. Chaldaeans, 266. Chalybes, 229, 280. Chalestra, 119. Charadra, 79.
Charites, hill of. See GRACES. Chemmis, floating island of, 376, 435. Cheops, his causeway, 391; explana- tion of Herodotus's description, 392; traces still existing, ib. Cheops, great pyramid of, 393; He- rodotus's description, ib. ; time and labour employed, ib.; dimensions, ib.; mode of construction, ib.; ascent by steps, or altars, 394; machines cou- structed of short pieces of wood, ib. ; summit first completed, ib.; burial vault of Cheops surrounded by a channel conducted from the Nile, ib. ; inscription declaring the sums ex- pended upon provisions for the work- men, ib.; comparison of the account of Herodotus with modern investi- gations, ib.; ancient and modern measurements, 395; three kinds of material employed, 396; character of the mechanical agencies employed, 397; internal blocks not so large as Herodotus describes, ib.; holes for the insertion of the machines still visible, 398; exterior coating of cas- ing-stones of limestone or granite, ib.; Mr. Perring's observations on the mode of construction, 399; inte- rior of the Great Pyramid, ib.; slop- ing passage descending towards the centre, ib.; description of the Sub- terranean Chamber, 400; vault of Cheops not to be found, 401; burial Queen's Chamber, 402; King's Cham- ber, containing an empty sarcopha- gus, 403; inscription mentioned by Herodotus not to be found, 404. Cheops, daughter of, her small pyra- Chephren, pyramid of, 404; Herodo- mid, 414. tus's description, ib.; site and pre- sent dimensions, ib.; Herodotus's statement that there were no sub- terranean chambers in it, confuted by the investigations of Belzoni, 405; sepulchral room called Belzoni's Chamber, 406; Lower Chamber, 407; Aethiopian stone found to be granite, 408; upper casing form- ed of limestone, ib.; Mr. Perring's view of the construction of the in- terior, ib. Chersonesus, inhabited by the Thracian Dolonci, 127; topography, ib.
Cilicians, anciently named Hypachae- ans, 240; extent and limits of the Cilicia of Herodotus, ib.
Cilla, 216. Cimmerians, their ancient occupation of Scythia, 154; sepulchre of the Cimmerian kings, 155; Scythian pursuit of the Cimmerians, ib. ; Cim- merians in Asia Minor, ib.; proofs of the ancient occupation of Scythia by the Cimmerians, 157; district of Cimmeria, ib.; Cimmerian Fort and Ferry, ib.; Cimmerian Bosphorus, ib.
Cimon, sepulchre of, 62.
Cinyps, river, 548.
Critalla, 240. Crobyzi, 123.
Crocodiles, Herodotus's description of, 508; caught by means of a hook baited with pork, 510. Crocodilopolis, 423, 433. Croesus, his gifts at Amphiaraus, 69; at Delphi, 77. Crossaea, 118. Crophi, 361, 435. Croton, 177. Curium, 96.
Cush, the Aethiopia of Herodotus, 521. Cyanean isles, 126.
Cybele, national goddess of the Lydians,
Cyclades, islands of, 97. Cydonia in Crete, 95. Cydrara, 237.
Cissia, 245; answering to Khuzistan, Cyme, also called Phriconis, 216.
Cynosura, a promontory of Salamis, 109.
Cyprus, island of, 96; key of, 97. Cyraunis, island of, now called Kar- kenah and Gherba, 556; lake from which gold-dust was obtained by dip- ping in feathers smeared with pitch, ib. CYRENE, general description of, 536; Herodotus's account of the coloniza- tion of, 537; Theraeans under Co- robius reach the Libyan Platea, ib.; pass over to the continent, and settle in Aziris, ib.; remove to Cyrene, ib.; increase in numbers, 538; divided into three tribes by Demonax, ib. ; lands and the office of priesthood as- signed to the king, 539; connexion between the Cyrenaeans, Libyans, and Aegyptians, ib.; three harvests of Cyrene, ib.; the Cyrenaean lotus, 540; topographical notices, ib. Cyrnus, island of, 91.
Cyrus, river, 280.
Cythera, island of, 40, 94.
Cythnos, island of, 99. Cyzicus, island of, 228.
Dadicae, 296; identified with the Tad- jiks, 297.
Danube. See ISTER. Daphnae, 378.
Dardanians, 282.
Dardanus, 228.
Dareitae, 289.
Darius Hystaspes, his route through
Dascyleium, 228. Datus, 131. Daulians, 80.
Delium, 69.
Delos, island of, 97.
Delphi, general description of, 75; He- rodotus's account of the temple and its treasures, 76; gifts of Croesus, 77; miscellaneous gifts, 78. Delta. See AEGYPT (LOWER). Delta, marshes of, 378; island of Elbo, 379.
Demeter, the Achaean, temple and mysteries of, at Athens, 62.
Demeter, the Eleusinian, temple of, at Platea, 73.
Demeter, the Amphictyonian, temple of, at Thermopylae, 82.
Demeter, temple of, in Paros, 100; in Aegina, 110.
Demeter, the Aegyptian, temple of, at Memphis, 390. See Isis.
Democritus, discovered the real cause of the overflow of the Nile, 359. Derbend, defile of, 155. Dersaei, 129.
Derusiaei, 270.
Despoto mountains, 123. Dicaea, 128.
Dictyes, 542.
Dictynna, temple of, 95. Didymi, 223.
Dindymene, mountain of, 229. Dion, 118.
Dionysus, the Thracian, 136.
Dryopes in the Peloponnesus, 37. Dryopis, 84. Dyma, town of, 45. Dyras, river, 81.
Dysorum, Mount, 116, 121.
Earth, early attempts to describe cir- cumference of, 14; opinions of He- rodotus upon the subject, 15; ex- tent of his knowledge, ib.; divisions of the earth, 16; separation of Eu- rope and Asia, 17; separation of Asia and Libya, 18; seas bounding the earth's extremities, 19. Ecbatana, identified by Rennell with Hamadan, and by Rawlinson with Takhti-Soleiman, 287; described by Herodotus, 288; story of its walls considered to be a fable of Sabaean origin, 288.
Echeidorus, river, 114, 120. Echinades islands, 84.
Dionysus, the Arabian, 320.
Eretrians, transplanted to Ardericca,
Erochus, 79.
Erytheia, 174. Erythrae, 69, 233.
Erythraean Sea, 19; isles of, 297. Erythrebolus, 433. Eryx country, 93. Erzroum, 281.
Etearchus, his story of the Nasamonian expedition into the Sahara, 570. Etesian winds, 12; supposed by Thales to cause the inundation of the Nile, 358.
Ethiopia. See AETHIOPIA. Euboea, island of, 108.
Euphrates, river, account of, 263; an- ciently overflowed the country, ib.; dams raised by Semiramis and Ni- tocris, ib.; course of the river ren- dered winding by Nitocris, ib. ; nu- merous artificial canals, ib. See also BABYLON.
EUROPE, general survey of, 21; ex-
tent of Herodotus's knowledge, ib.; seas of Europe, 24; Pontus Eux- inus, ib.; Palus Maeotis (Maeetis), ib.; Propontis, ib.; Caspian, 25; Adriatic, ib.; Ionian, ib. Europe, Eastern, 183; great caravan route, ib.; character of the com- merce, 184; Olbia the emporium, ib.; trade in corn, ib.; slaves, ib.; furs, ib.; gold from the Ural and Altai mountains, 185; route north- ward from the Budini, ib.; desert of seven days' journey, occupying Simbirsk and Kasan, ib.; route towards the east, ib.; Thyssagetæ, occupying Perm, ib.; Jyrcae on the Ural mountains, 186; Scythian exiles occupying Tobolsk, ib.; Ar- gippaei, at the foot of the Altai mountains, ib.; identification of the Argippaei with the Calmucks, 187; unknown regions north of the Argip- paei, occupied by men with goats' feet, and people who slept for six months at a time, 188; identifica- tion of the Altai, ib.; eastern route continued, ib.; the Issedones, ib.; Arimaspi, 189; gold-guarding grif- fins, ib.; nations on the frontier towards Asia, 190; general descrip- tion of Mount Caucasus, ib.; He- rodotus's account of the mountain and people, ib.; the Massagetae, 191; Herodotus's description of the river Araxes, ib.; explanation of the apparent contradictions, 192; manners and customs of the Mas- sagetae, ib.
Europe, Northern, 178; region im- penetrable from bees or frost, 179; the Sigynnes, a Medic colony, fond of chariot-driving, ib.; nations border- ing on Scythia, ib. Agathyrsi, oc- cupying Transylvania, ib.; Neuri, occupying Poland and Lithuania, 180; Androphagi, occupying Smo- lensk, ib.; Melanchlaeni, occupying Orloff, 181; Sauromatae, occupy ing the country of the Don Cossacks and part of Astracan, ib.; Budini and Geloni, occupying Saratoff, 182. Europe, western, 173; region beyond the Pillars of Heracles, 174; Tar- tessus, ib.; Erytheia, ib.; Gadeira, ib.; Celtae, ib.; Cynetae, ib.; account of the river Ister, or Danube, ib. ; ex- planation of Herodotus's description of the Ister, and account of the Cy- netae and Celtae, 175; the Iberi, Ligyes, and Elisyci, 176; Italy, sin- gular omission of Rome, ib.; North- ern Italy, occupied by the Ombrici and Tyrseni, ib.; Southern Italy, occupied by Greek colonies, 177. Euxine tribes, or EASTERN PONTUS, comprising the Moschi, Tibareni, Macrones, Mosynoeci, and Mares, answering to Trebisonde, 279; He- rodotus's account very meagre, ib.; extent of the satrapy, 280; order of the nations according to Xenophon, ib.
Euxinus, Pontus, 24. Exampaeus, spring, 152.
Farsistan, 267.
Fayoum, description of the oval basin of, 422; consists of three different levels, ib.; watered by a branch from the Canal of Joseph, 423; geo- logical constitution of the soil. See also LABYRINTH and MOERIS LAKE. Fezzan, inhabited by the Garamantes,
Frankincense, land of, 314.
Gadeira, 174. Gaeson, 233.
Galaica, afterwards called Briantica, 128.
Gandara, comprising the Sattagydae, Gandarii, Dadicae, and Aparytae, 296.
Gandarii, 296; identified with the peo- ple of Candahar, 297. Garamantes, covered the earth with salt before cultivating it, and pos- sessed kine walking backwards, 560; hunted the Aethiopian Troglodytae, ib.; included a timid tribe, 561; their country identified with Fezzan,
Gobi, great desert of, 299. Gonnus, pass of, 85, 87. Gordium, 237. Graces, hill of, 549.
Greece, European, general description
of, 27; face of the country, 28; He- rodotus's account of Hellas, 29; fer- tilized by rain, ib.; subject to storms and earthquakes, ib.; lions, ib.; Sillikyprion, 30; character of the people, ib.; temples, ib.; markets, ib.; trade, ib.; miscellaneous no- tices, ib.; art of writing, 31; ob- scurities in the history of the people, ib.; Herodotus's account. ib.; Hel- las anciently called Pelasgia, and peo- pled by Pelasgians and other tribes, ib.; character of the Pelasgians, 32; mythical origin of the Hellenes, ib.; Dorian wanderings, ib.; invasion of the Peloponnesus by the Heracleids, 33; Achaeans unknown, ib.; Aeoli- ans and Ionians considered as Pelas- gians, ib.; in historical times inha- bitants all called Hellenes, ib. See PELOPONNESUS.
Griffins, gold-guarding, 189. Gryneia, 217.
Gyges, his gifts at Delphi, 76. Gymnopaediae, 53.
Gyndes, river, 282; its stream weak- ened by the 180 canals of Cyrus, ib. Gyzantes, who subsisted on honey and monkeys, 555.
Halys, river, 200, 239.
Hamadan, 287.
Hebrews. See PALAESTINE. Hebrus, river, 126, 128.
Hecataeus, 8; supposed that the river Ocean occasioned the overflow of the Nile, 358.
Hecatonnesi, or Hundred Islands, 106. Heliopolis, city of, 376; temple of
Helios with two obelisks, dedicated by Pheron, ib.
Helios, the Aegyptian temple of, at He- liopolis, 376; identified with Ra, 455. Hellas of Herodotus, its wide significa- tion. See GREECE.
Helle, Sepulchre of, 128.
Hellenes, their mythical origin, 32: general name for all Greeks in the historic times, 33.
Hellenium at Naucratis, 377. Hellespontines, 132, 235. Helmund, river, 292. Hephaestus, or Pthah, temple of, at Memphis, 388; northern propylaea built by Moeris, ib.; six colossal statues erected before it by Sesos- tris, ib.; western propylaea, and two statues of Summer and Winter, erect- ed by Rhampsinitus, 389; eastern propylaea built by Asychis, ib.; southern propylaea, and court for Apis, constructed by Psammitichus, ib.; colossus, 75 feet high, dedicated by Amasis, ib.; stone statue of Se- thon, with a monse, ib.; account of Hephaestus, 448.
Heptanomis. See AEGYPT (UPPER). Hera temple, at Samos, 101. Hera, the Aegyptian, 450, 460. Heracleidae, their invasion of the Pelo- ponnesus, 33.
Heracles, ancient temple of, at Tyre,
Heracles, temple of, at Athens, 63. Heracles, Pillars of, 174. Heracles, foot-print of, in Scythia, 159. Heracles, temple of, at Taricheia, 378. Heracles, the Aegyptian, 455; his ora-
cle and temple, ib.; Greek story of the attempt to sacrifice him to Zeus, ib. Heracles and the serpent maiden Echid- na, Greek mythus concerning, 161. Heraeopolis, 126.
Herdsmen, Aegyptian caste of, 485. Hermeopolis, 431.
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