bility of circumnavigating Africa, subsequently denied by Plato, Epho- rus, Polybius, Strabo, and Ptolemy, 336; difficulty in deciding the ques- tion, 337; Herodotus's account of the voyage, ib.; examination into its possibility, ib.; nature of the ships, ib.; character of the voyage, 338; extent of coast to be traversed, ib.; mean rate of sailing, ib.; aggregate length of the voyage, ib.; descrip- tion of the supposed circumnaviga- tion by the light of modern geogra- phy, 339; story of the Phoenicians obtaining supplies on their voyage by sowing corn and waiting for the har- vest, not incredible, 343; examina- tion into the credibility to be at- tached to Herodotus's relation, 344; story of having the sun on the right hand, no evidence of its truth, ib.; failure of Sataspes, no evidence of its falsehood, ib.; enterprising cha- racter of Neco, 345; reasons for be- lieving in the circumnavigation, ib.; Herodotus's general knowledge of the African continent, 346; extreme heat of the climate, ib.; difficulty in discovering Herodotus's boundary line between Asia and Africa, 347; confusion between the country of Libya and the continent of Libya, ib.; division of the Libyan continent into three tracts, viz. Aegypt, Aethi- opia, and Libya Proper, 348. also LIBYA.
Agathyrsi, occupying Transylvania, 179.
Agbatana. See ECBATANA.
corselet in the Heraeum at Samos, 102; his tomb at Sais, 375; dedi- cated colossus at Memphis, 389; sent statue of Athene to Cyrene, 540. Amathus, 96. Ambraciots, 88.
Ammenemes III., discovery of his name in the pyramid of Howara, 426. Ammonians, who possessed a temple to Zeus, the ram-headed god of Thebes, and a hot spring sacred to Helios, 559; neighbouring city of Oasis, 560.
Ammonium identified with Siwah, 564. Ampe, 264.
Ampelus, Cape, 118.
Amphiaraus, temple of, 68; oracle, ib. ; gifts of Croesus, 69. Amphicaea, 79.
Amphictyons, seats of, at Thermo- pylae, 82. Amphissa, 81.
Amun, the divine intellect, Aegyptian representation of, 444. See ZEUS. Amyrgian Sacae, 293. Anactorium, 84. Anagyrus, 65. Anaphlystus, 65. Anana, 237.
Anaxagoras, taught that the overflow of the Nile was occasioned by melted snows, 359.
Anaximander, his map of the earth, 8. Anchimolius, tomb of, 65. Androcrates, precinct of, 71.
Androphagi, occupying Smolensk, 180. Andros, island of, 98.
Angareïon, 275.
Angites, river, 130.
Ahriman, Persian custom of burying Anticyra, 81.
cow's horns, and confounded by He- rodotus with Isis, ib.; annual festi- val connected with the wooden cow at Sais, 460.
Aphrodite, the foreign, or Helen the stranger, ib.
Aphrodite, temple of, at Cyprus, 97. Aphthites, 383. Aphytis, 118. Apia, 162.
Apidanus, river, 85.
Apis, Herodotus's account of, 471; be- gotten on a cow by a flash of light- ning, 472; known by his black hair, white square mark on his forehead, eagle on his back, beetle on his tongue, and double hairs in his tail, ib.; public rejoicings on his appear- ance, ib.; sacrilegious conduct of Cambyses, ib.; court for Apis built at Memphis by Psammitichus, ib.; further notices of Apis from Pliny, Strabo, and Diodorus, ib.; Aegyp- tian ideas of Apis, 477; bulls sacred to him, 506.
Apollo, the Ptoan, precinct of, 69. Apollo, the Ismenian, temple and ora-
cle of, in the Boeotian Thebes, 68. Apollo, temple and oracle of, at Del- phi, 75.
Apollo, the Triopian, national deity of
Apollo, temple of, at Buto, 376, 377. Apollonia in Epirus, 88. Apollonia in Thrace, 126.
Arabians with Persia, ib.; costume, ib.; manner of making contracts, ib.; worship of Dionysus, named Orotal, and of Urania, called Alilat and Alitta, 320.
Arabian mountains, compact limestone from, used for pyramid casing-stones, 396.
Arabian Gulf. See RED SEA. Arabs in Aethiopia, 521. Aradus, 247.
Ararus, river, 144; identified with the Sireth, 145.
Araxes, river, Herodotus's description of, 191; explanation of his apparent contradictions, 192.
ARCADIA, general description, 37; He- rodotus's account, 38; topography, ib.
Arcadian Pelasgians, 38. Archandropolis, 378. Ardericca, seat of the transplanted Ere- trians, 269; its well containing as- phalt, salt, and oil, ib. Areiopagus at Athens, 63. Ares, the Aegyptian, temple of, at Pa- premis, 376; perhaps a form of Ty- phon, or the evil principle, 457; his oracle, ib.; festival at Papremis, ib.; mock-fight between the priests and votaries, ib.; popular legend to ac- count for its origin, ib. Ares, Scythian worship of, 163. Arge, 98. Argilus, 131.
Apries, palace of, at Sais, 374; his Argiopius, 73. tomb, 375. Apsinthians, 128.
ARABIA, general description of the country, 314; Herodotus's descrip- tion, ib.; included African, mountain range between the Nile valley and Arabian Gulf, ib.; land of frankin- cense, ib.; the Arabian Gulf, 315; supposed it to be much narrower than it is in reality, ib.; causes of the error, ib.; Herodotus's know- ledge of Arabia confined to Arabia Petraea, 316; assigns the Philistine territory to the Arabs, ib.; nature of the soil, ib.; city of Patumos, ib.; river Corys, ib.; defile near Buto containing the bones of winged ser- pents, 317; fabulous story concern- ing the serpents, ib.; rare produc- tions of Arabia, 318; frankincense guarded by serpents, ib.; Cassia guarded by fierce bats, ib.; curious manner of obtaining cinnamon from the nests of large birds, ib.; leda- num obtained from the beards of goats, 319; sheep with enormous tails, ib.; political relations of the
Argippaei, at the foot of the Altai mountains, 186; identified with the Calmucks, 187.
ARGOLIS, general description of, 39; Herodotus's account, ib.; topogra- phy, 40.
Argonautic legend connected with Lake Tritonis, 551. Argos, town of, 40. Argos, grove of, 41. Aria, identified with Khorassan and Western Afghanistan, 291. Arians, ancient name of the Medes, 289, 291. Arimaspea, 177. Arimaspi, 189. Arisba, 105, 217. Aristagoras, map of, compared with Herodotus's description of the high- way between Sardis and Susa, 332. Aristeas, 177. Arizanti, 289. ARMENIA, answering to Erzroum and part of Kurdistan, 281; Armenians descended from the Phrygians, 282; their country the highway between Sardis and Susa, ib.; watered by
Artemis, sanctuary of, at Delos, 97; Asia, Upper, or plateau of Iran, 243;
Artemis, the Aegyptian, temple of, at Buto, 376; identified with Pasht, or Bubastis, 451.
Artemis, altar of, in Byzantium, 126. Artemisium, beach of, 109. Artimpasa, 162. Artiscus, river, 126.
Asbystae, who drove four-horse cha- riots, 546.
Ascalon, its temple of Aphrodite, or Astarte, 248.
ASIA, general survey of, 195; two great mountain ranges of Asia, the Altai, ib.; the Taurus, or plateau of Iran, 196; rivers of Asia, ib.; separation of the continent into three divisions, 197; extent of the Asia of Herodo- tus, ib.; discoveries of Scylax of Caryanda, 198; Herodotus's own map of Asia, 199; the four central nations, ib.; the two western Actue, viz. Asia Minor; Syria and Libya, 200; ancient division of Asia between the Lydians, Babylonians, and Medes, 201; establishment of the Persian empire of Cyrus, 202; division into twenty satrapies by Darius Hystas- pes, ib.; extent of Herodotus's tra- vels in Asia, 203; his general ac- quaintance with Phoenicia and Asia Minor, ib.; visit to Babylon, ib.; travels along the great highway be- tween Sardis and Susa, ib.; visit to Ecbatana very doubtful, ib.; exam- ination of the list of twenty satrapies, 204; reasons for including distant tribes in the same satrapy, ib.; ge- neral want of geographical order arising from Herodotus's ignorance of the more distant satrapies, 205; catalogue of nations in the army and navy of Xerxes, 208; topography of the languages of Asia, 209; lan- guages of Asia Minor, from the Aegean to the Halys, 210; Semitic dialects between the Halys and Ti- gris, ib.; Persian dialects between the Tigris and Indus, 211. Asia, Persian geography of, as exhibit-
ed in the catalogue of nations in the army of Xerxes, 322.
traversed east and south by two ranges, ib.; Zagros, or mountains of Kurdistan, 244; Elburz and Ghur mountains, ib.; countries watered by the Euphrates and Tigris, ib.; Assy- ria, ib.; Babylonia, ib.; Mesopota- mia, ib.; Syria, ib.; Media, 245; Cissia and Persis, ib.; three satra- pies known to Herodotus, viz. Syria Proper, or Phoenicia and Palaestine, ib.; Assyria, or Babylonia, and Me- sopotamia, answering to Irak Arabi, and Algezirah, 251; Cissia and Per- sis, answering to Khuzistan and Far- sistan, 267.
Asia, Independent, viz. Southern India, 306; Colchis, 312; Arabia, 314. Asia, unexplored, a region bounded on the west by the frontiers of Asia Minor; north, by the Phasis, the Caspian, and the Jaxartes; east, by the Indus; south, by Syria, Assyria, Cissia, Persis, and the Erythraean, 278; divided into twelve satrapies, viz. Euxine tribes, 279; Armenia, 281; Matiene and the Saspeires, 284; Media, 285; south Caspian tribes, 289; Parthia, Chorasmia, Sogdia, and Aria, 290; east Caspian tribes, 293; Bactria, 295; Gandara, 296; Carmania, 297; Asiatic Aethiopia, 298; Northern India, 299. Asine, town of, 48. Asmak, 524.
Asopus, river of, 70, 81. Assa, 118.
Asses without horns, and that never drank, 542. Assessus, 223.
ASSYRIA, 244; comprehended, accord- ing to Herodotus, Babylonia and Me- sopotamia, and thus answered to Irak Arabi and Algezirah, 251; inha- bitants called Syrians by the Greeks, and Assyrians by the Barbarians, 252; great importance of this satrapy, ib. ; want of rain supplied by the Euphra- tes, ib.; numerous canals, 253; ex- traordinary growth of corn, ib.; palm trees, ib. See also BABYLON. Astarte. See APHRODITE. Astrabacus, shrine of, 53.
Asia Minor, physical geography of, 213; | Asychis, built eastern propylaea of the
temple of Hephaestus, 389; brick pyramid of, 414; probably the same as the northern pyramid of Dashoor, 415.
Atarantes, who had no names, and
cursed the sun, 561; their station perhaps to be identified with Te- gerry, 568.
Atarbechis, 383, 459, 507. Atarneus, 227.
Athene Alea, temple of, 38.
Athene Crathia, temple of, 178. Athene Poliuchus, temple of, 105.
Athene Pronaea, temple of, at Delphi,
Athene Sciras, temple of, 109. Athene, worshipped by the Libyans, 543, 551.
Athene, the Aegyptian, temple of at Sais, 374; splendid propylaea built by Amasis, ib.; huge rock chamber, ib.; tombs of the Saite kings, Apries, Amasis, etc., 375; Athene identified with Neith, 452.
Athens, Herodotus's description of, 61; four ancient divisions of the Athe- nians, 62; re-classification into ten tribes, ib.; each tribe formed ten demi, ib.; three factions, ib.; pub- lic buildings, etc., ib. See also AT-
Athor, identified with Aphrodite, 459; confounded with Isis, ib. Athos, Mount, description of, 116; ca- nal of Xerxes, ib. Athribites, 383. Athrys, river, 132.
Atlantes, who ate no meat and dream-
ed no dreams, 561; their position unknown, 569.
Atlantic Sea, 19; general course of the currents of, 341.
Atlas, Mount, description of, 561; confusion respecting, 569. Atlas, river, 132.
Atropatene, 286. See MEDIA. ATTICA, general description of, 57; ancient history, 58; Herodotus's account, 59; Ionians enter Attica, 60; Ionian migration, ib.; Atheni- ans regarded as Ionian Pelasgians, ib.; manners, customs, etc., 61; Herodotus's description of Attica, ib.; topography, 65. See also ATHENS.
Auses, who lived on the left bank of the river Triton, 551; worshipped a native goddess corresponding to the Athene of the Greeks, ib.; lived apart from their women, whom they had in common, 552. Automoli, country of, 518; situated within the triangle of Sennaar, form- ed by the White and Blue Niles, 520; consisted of 240,000 desert- ers from the Aegyptian warrior caste, 524; question as to whether settled on the White or the Blue Nile, ib.
Autonous, precinct of, 79. Axius, river, 114, 119. Axus, 96. Azanes, 39. Azerbijan, 286. Aziris, 537.
BABYLON, the only city of Assyria de- scribed by Herodotus, 254; site of the ruins of Babylon near Hillah, ib.; three mounds on the eastern bank of the Euphrates, ib.; Muje- libe, or "the overturned," errone- ously supposed by Rennell to be the temple of Belus, 255; El Kasr, or "the palace," ib.; Amram hill, 256; remains of ancient ramparts, ib.; river embankment, 256; western bank of the Euphrates, 257; small scattered mounds, ib.; Birs Nimroud, the tower of Babel and temple of Belus, 258; its extreme antiquity. ib.; Herodotus's description of Ba- bylon, 259; towers on the wall, 260; one hundred brass gates, ib.; the city cut in two by the Euphrates, ib. ; walls, ib.; royal palace, ib.; tem- ple of Belus, ib.; statements of the Chaldean priests, 261; bridge over the Euphrates, 262; sepulchre of Nitocris, ib.; names of the city gates, ib.; destruction of the fortifications by Darius, 263; dress of the Baby- lonians, 264; manners and customs, ib.; annual sale of maidens, ib.; no physicians, 265; embalming, ib.; funeral lamentations like those of the Aegyptians, ib.; burning of incense after sexual intercourse, ib. ; dis- graceful practices connected with the worship of Aphrodite, ib.; three tribes of Babylonian Ichthyophagi, 266; Chaldeans, ib.; Babylonian sun-dial, ib.; gnomon, 267; talent, ib.
Babylonia, 244. See ASSYRIA. Babylonian empire, ancient extent of, 201.
Bactria, general description, 295; iden- tified with Balkh between the Hin-
doo Koosh and the Oxus, ib.; He- rodotus's account, 296; Bactria a penal settlement, ib.; costume of the Bactrians, ib. Bahr Yusuf.
See JOSEPH'S CANAL.
Barathron at Athens, 63.
Barbary, or Inhabited Libya, 533. Barca, founded by emigrants from Cy- rene, 540; inhabitants transplanted to Barca in Bactria, ib. Baris, the Aegyptian merchant barge, 501.
Bdellae, 509.
Belbina, isle of, 111.
Beled-el-Jered, or Wild Beast Libya, 533.
Belus, temple of, in Babylon, 260.
Berbers, 521, note.
Bermion, Mount, 122.
temis, 451; festival of, ib.; myth of,
Bucolic mouth of the Nile, 363. Budii, 289.
Budini, occupying Saratoff, 182. Bura, town of, 45. Busae, 289.
temple of Isis, ib.
Busiris, city of, 374; Busirites, 383. Buto, city of, 376; temple of Apollo and Artemis, ib.; temple and oracle of Leto, ib.; floating island of Chem- mis, with temple of Apollo, 377. Buto, near Arabia, neighbouring defile containing the bones of winged ser- pents, 317; distinct from the other Buto, 378.
Buto, the Aegyptian goddess, identified by Herodotus with Leto, 450; her temple and oracle, ib.
Byblus, the stalk eaten by the marsh- men of the Delta, 493.
Birs Nimroud, the tower of Babel and Byzantium, 125.
temple of Belus, 258.
Bisaltia, 131.
Borysthenes, river, 145; identified with the Dnieper, 147.
Bosphorus, bridged by Darius, 125; Cimmerian, 157.
Bottiaeis in Macedonia, 114.
Callisthenes, discovered the real cause of the overflow of the Nile, 359. Calydna, 224.
Brahmins, their division of the earth, Camarina, town of, 93.
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