calling me by my name several times, "Robin! Robin! RobinCrusoe! poor Robia Crusoe! Where are you, Robin Crusoe? Where are you? Where have you been?" I was so dead asleep at first, being fatigued with rowing, or paddling, as it is called, the first part of the day, and with walking the latter part, that I did not wake thoroughly; but, dozing between sleeping and waking, thought I dreamed that somebody spoke to me; but as the voice continued to repeat Robin Crusoe! Robin Crusoe! at last I began to wake more perfectly, and was at first dreadfully frightened, and started up in the utmost consternation; but no sooner were my eyes open but I saw my Poll sitting on the top of the hedge; and immediately knew it was he that spoke to me; for just in such bemoaning language I had used to talk to him, and teach him; and he had learned it so perfectly, that he would sit upon my finger, and lay his bill close to my face, and cry, "Poor Robin Crusoe! Where are you? Where have you been? How came you here?" and such things as I had taught him.

However, even though I knew it was the parrot, and that indeed it could be nobody else, it was a good while before I could compose myself; first, I was amazed how the creature got thither, and then, how he should just keep about the place, and no where else: but, as I was well satisfied it could be nobody but honest Poll, I got over it; and holding out my hand, and calling him by his name, Poll! the sociable creature came to me, and sat upon my thumb, as he used to do, and continued talking to me, Poor Robin Crusoe! and how did I come here? and where had I been? just as if he had been overjoyed to see me again; and so I carried him home along with me.

I now had enough of rambling to sea for some time, and had enough to do for many days, to sit still, and reflect upon the danger I had been in. I would have been very glad to have had my boat again on my side of the island; but I knew not how it was practicable to get it about. As to the east side of the island, which I had gone round, I knew well enough there was no venturing that way; my very heart would shrink, and my very blood run chill, but to think of it; and as to the other side of the island, I did not know how it might be there; but supposing the current ran with the same force against the shore at the east, as it passed by it on the other, I might run the same risk of being driven down the stream, and carried by the island, as I had been before of being carried away from it; so, with these thoughts, I contented myself to be without any boat, though it had been the product of so many months labour to make it, and of so many more to get it into the sea.

In this government of my temper I remained near a year, lived a very sedate, retired, life, as you may well suppose; and my thoughts being very much composed, as to my condition, and fully comforted in resigning myself to my fortune, I thought I lived really very happily in all things, except that of society. I improved myself in this time in all the mechanic exercises which my necessities put me upon applying myself to; and I believe I could, upon occasion, have made a very good carpenter, especially considering how few tools I had.

Besides this, I arrived at an unexpected perfection in my earthen ware, and contrived well enough to make them with a wheel, which I found infinitely easier and better; because I made things round and shapable, which before were filthy things indeed to look on. But I think I was never more vain of my own performance, or more joyful for any thing I found out, than for my being able to make a tobacco-pipe; and, though it was a very ugly clumsy thing when it was done, and only burnt red, like other earthenware, yet as it was hard and firm, and would draw the smoke, I was exceedingly comforted with it, for I had been always used to smoke; and there were pipes in the ship, but I forgot them at first, not thinking that there was tobacco in the island; and afterwards, when I searched the ship again, I could not come at any pipes at all.

In my wicker-ware also I improved much, and made abundance of necessary baskets, as well as my invention showed me; though not very handsome, yet they were such as were very handy and convenient for my laying things up in,

or fetching things home. For example, if I killed a goat abroad, I could hang it up in a tree, flay it, dress it, and cut it in pieces, and bring it home in a basket; and the like by a turtle; I could cut it up, take out the eggs, and a piece or two of the flesh, which was enough for me, and bring them home in a basket, and leave the rest behind me. Also large deep baskets were the receivers of my corn, which I always rubbed out as soon as it was dry, and cured, and kept it in such baskets. /

I began now to perceive my powder abated considerably; this was a wand which it was impossible for me to supply, and I began seriously to consider whac I must do when I should have no more powder; that is to say, how I should do to kill any goats. I had, as is observcd, in the third year of my being here, kept a young kid, and bred her up tame, and I was in hopes of getting a he-goat; but I could not by any means bring it to pass, till my kid grew an old goat; and as I could never find in my heart to kill her, she died at last of mere age.

But being now in the eleventh year of my residence, and, as I have said, my ammunition growing low, I set myself to study some art to trap and snare the goats, to see whether I could not catch some of them alive; and particularly, I wanted a she-goat great with young. For this purpose, I made snares to hamper them; and I do believe they were more than once taken in them; but my tackle was not good, for I had no wire, and I always found them broken, and my bait devoured. At length I resolved to try a pit-fall; so I dug several large pits in the earth, in places where I had observed the goats used to feed, and over those pits I placed hurdles, of my own making too, with a great weight upon them; and several times I put ears of barley and dry rice, without setting the trap, and I could easily perceive that the goats had gone in and eaten up the corn, for I could see the marks of their feet. At length, I set three traps in one night, and going the next morning, I found them all standing, and yet the bait eaten and gone; this was very discouraging. However, I altered my traps, and, not to trouble you with particulars, going one morning to see my traps, I found in one of them a large old he-goat, and, in one of the others, three kids, a male, and two females.

As to the old one, I knew not what to do with him; he was so fierce, I durst not go into the pit to him; that is to say, to go about to bring him away alive, which was what I wanted: I could have killed him, but that was not my business, nor would it answer my end; so I even let him out, and he ran away, as if he had been frightened out of his wits. But I had forgoten then, what I had learned, that is to say, that hunger will tame a lion. If I had let him stay there three or four days without food, then have carried him some water to drink, and then a little coru, he would have been as tame as one of the kids, for they are sagacious, tractable, creatures, where they are well used. However, for the present

• GOAT:-(capra) in the Linnawan system of zoology, makes a distinct, genus of animals of the order of pecora; the distinguishing characters of which are, that its horns are hollow, turned upward, and not smooth, but annulated on their surface; that it has eight cutting teeth in the lower jaw, and none in the upper, and that the male is generally bearded. This genus comprehends all the goat kind, the gasella, ibez, rupicapra, &c. The characters of which, according to RAY, are these that it is covered with hairs, not with wool; that its horns are less crooked than those of the sheep; that it has a beard hanging down from its chin; and is of a strong smell. This genus of animals are all able to run and climb about the rugged parts of mountains without falling, although their legs seem by no means contrived by nature for any such purposes. LINNAUS enumerates twelve known species of this animal: 1 Capra hircus, or common kind, sufficiently known. 2. Capra mambrina, or syrian goat. 3. Capra depressa africana, or african goat. 4. Capra reversa, 5. Ibez, or wild goat, 6. Rupicapra. 7. Capra gazella, or indian antelope. 8. Capra cervicapra, or african antelope, 9. Capra Dezoartica. 10. Capra dorcas, or african gazel. 11. Capra Tartarica, scythian antelope, iber imberbis, or saiga of BuTFON. 12. Capra ammon, the musimon of PLISY, the traSelaphus of BELON, or siberan gout.

I let him go, knowing no better at that time: then I went to the three kids, and, taking them one by one, I tied them with strings together, and with some difficulty brought them all home. It was a good while before they would feed but throwing them some sweet corn, it tempted them, and they began to be tame. And now, I found that, if I expected to supply inyself with goat's flesh when I had no powder or shot left, breeding up some tame was my only way; when, perhaps, I might have them about my house like a flock of sheep. But then it occurred to me, that I must keep the tame from the wild, or else they would always run wild when they grew up and the only way for this was, to have some enclosed piece of ground, well fenced, either with hedge or pale, to keep them in so effectually, that those within might not break out, or those without break in.

This was a great undertaking for one pair of hands; yet, as I saw there was an absolute nécessity for doing it, my first work was, to find out a proper piece of ground, where there was likely to be herbage for them to eat, water for them to drink, and cover to keep them from the sun. Those who understand such enclosures, will think I had very little contrivance, when I pitched upon a place very proper for all these, being a plain open piece of meadow land, or savanna, which had two or three little rills* of fresh water in it, and, at one end was very woody; I say, they will smile at my forecast, when I shall tell them, I began my enclosing this piece of ground in such a manner, that my hedge or pale must have been at least two miles about. Nor was the madness of it so great as to the com pass, for, had it been ten miles about, I was like to have time enough to do it in; but I did not consider, that my goats would be as wild in so much compass as if they had had the whole island, and I should have so much room to chase them in, that I should never catch them.

My hedge was begun and carried on, I believe about fifty yards, when this thought occurred to me; so I presently stopped short, and, for the first beginning, I'résolved to enclose a piece of about 150 yards in length, and 100 yards in breadth; which, as it would maintain as many as I should have in any reasonable time, so, as my stock increased, I could add more ground to my enclosure. This was acting with some prudence, and I went to work with courage. I was about three months hedging in the first piece; and, till I had done it, I tethered the three kids in the best part of it, and used them to feed as near me as possible, to make them familiar; and very often I would go and carry them some ears of barley, or a handful of rice, and feed them out of my hand: so that, after my enclosure was finished, and I let them loose, they would follow me up and down, bleating after me for a handful of corn. This answered my end; and in about a year and a half I had a flock of about twelve goats, kids and all; and, in two years more, I had three and forty, besides several that I took and killed for my food. After that, I enclosed five several pieces of ground to feed them in, with little pens to drive them into, to take them as I wanted, and gates out of one piece of ground into another.

But this was not all; for now I not only had goat's flesh to feed on when I pleased, but milk too; a thing which, indeed, in the beginning, I did not so much as think of, and which, when it came into my thoughts, was really an agreeable surprise: for now I set up my dairy, and had sometimes a gallon or two of milk in a day. And as nature, who gives supplies of food to every creature, secins to dictate alsó even how to make use of it, so I who had never milked a cow, much less a goat, or seen butter or cheese made, only when I was a boy, after a great imany essays and miscarriages, made both butter and cheese at last, and also salt (though I found it partly made to my hand by the heat of the sun upon

*RILL:-(contraction of rivulet from rivulus, latin) a little brook of rapid descent. + SALT:-That well-known ingredient in the food of man, and useful auxiliary of the arts, is, in the language of chemistry, a muriate of soda; whose composition may be proved by the direct union of soda with muriatic acid. Its purest form is that denominated bay-salt, or fishery-salt, Its purification may be effected by adding to a solution of the common salt of the shops in water, a solution of carbonate of soda, as long as any some of the rocks of the sea), and never wanted it afterwards. How mercifully can our Creator treat his creatures, even in those conditions in which they seemed to be overwhelmed in destruction! How can he sweeten the bitterest providences! What a table was here spread for me in a wilderness, where I saw nothing at first, but to perish for hunger!

It would have made a stoic * smile, to have seen me and my little family sit

milkiness ensues; filtering the solution, and evaporating it, until it crystalizes. Its qualities are as follows:-It crystalizes in regular cubes, which, when the salt is pure, are unchanged by exposure to the air: the common salt, however, acquires an encrease of weight, in consequence of the absorption of moisture by the impurities which it contains. Common salt is scarcely ever found free from other salts with earthy bases, chiefly muriates of magnesia, and lime; which are contained in the brine, and adhere to the crystals. The earths may be precipitated by carbonate of soda; and the precipitated lime and magnesia may be separated from each other by a farther process of evaporation, &c. which it is not the object of this note to particularize. It requires for solution twice and a half its weight of water at 60° of FAHRENHEIT's thermometer, and hot water takes up very little more: hence, its solution crystalizes, not like that of nitre, by cooling, but by evaporation. When heated gradually it fuses, and forms, when cold, a solid compact mass. If suddenly heated, as by throwing it on red-hot coals, it decrepitates. It is not decomposed when ignited in contact with inflammable substances. When mixed with powdered charcoal, or sulphur, and fused in a crucible, it does not undergo any decomposition or essential change; because the muriatic acid, if it contain any oxygen, holds that basis more strongly combined than it is attracted by combustible bodies. It is decomposed by the carbonate of potash ; the alkali of which combines with the muriatic acid of the salt, and the carbonic acid is transferred to the soda. Hence, we obtain muriate of potash, and carbonate of soda. It is decomposed by the sulphuric acid in the mode already described. Nitric acid also separates the muriatic acid. The specific gravity of distilled water being taken as 1.0000, that of sea-water is 1.0263.

* STOIC:-the name of a sect of ancient philosophers, the followers of ZENO; thus called from the Greek στοα, portico, in regard ZENO used to teach under a portico or colonade. The author of this sect was of Cittium, a town in Cyprus, inhabited by a colony of Phœnicians, whence he is supposed to have borrowed many of his dogmata from phœnician philosophy, which some learned men maintain was itself borrowed from the jewish: though, it must be allowed, there appear as many things in the stoic philosophy borrowed from the schools of PLATO and SOCRATES as from that of Moses. ZENO, making a trading voyage from Cittium to Athens, richly freighted with tyrian purple, was shipwrecked not far from port; upon which, we are told, consulting the oracle how he should best spend the rest of his life, he was answered ειζυγχρωτίζοιτο τοις νεκοις, by becoming of the same colour with the dead; upon which he applied himself to the study of the ancient philosophers, and became a hearer of CRATES, the cynic. But LAERTIUS tells us, he had too much natural modesty to suffer him to give into the cyuic impudence. From CRATES he had recourse to STILPO and XENOCRATES, then to DIODORUS, CRONUS, and POLEMON, and, at length, began to think of instituting a new sect. To this purpose, a portico, 504, called from the pictures of PoLIGNOTUS therein, the painted portico, was pitched on. Here using to walk and philosophize, he was attended by a great number of disciples, hence called Στωικοι, Stoici. The philosophers of Greece deduced their morals from the nature of man rather than from that of God. They meditated, however, on the divine nature as a very curious and important speculation; and, in the profound enquiry, they displayed the strength and the weakness of the human understanding. The admirable work of Cicero de naturá deorum, is the best clue we have to guide us through the dark and deep abyss. He represents with candour, and confutes with subtlety, the opinions of the philosophers. Of the four most celebrated schools, the Stoics and the Platonists endeavoured to reconcile the jarring interests of reason and piety. They have left us the most sublime proofs of the existence and perfection of the first cause; but, as it was impossible for them to conceive the creation of matter, the workman in the stoical philosophy was not sufficiently distinguished from the work; whilst, on the contrary, the spiritual god of PLATO and his disciples, resembled an idea rather than a substance. TACITUS has characterized in a few words the principles of the portico; doctores sapientiae secutus est, qui sola

down to dinner; there was my majesty, the prince and lord of the whole island; I had the lives of all my subjects at my absolute command; I could condemn, give liberty, or take it away; and no rebels among all my subjects. Then to see how like a king I dined too, all alone, attended by my servants; Poll, as if he had been my favourite, was the only person permitted to talk to me. My dog, who was now grown very old and crazy, and had found no species to multiply his kind, sat always at my right hand; and two cats, one on one side of the table, and one on the other, expecting now and then a bit from my hand as a mark of special favour. But these were not the two cats which I brought on shore at first, for they were both of them dead, and had been interred near my habitation by

bona quae honesta, mala tantum quae turpia; potentiam, nobilitatem, caeteraque extra animum, neque bonis neque malis adnumerant.

"JUBA:-To strike thee dumb-turn up thy eyes to Cato; there may'st thou see to what a god-like height the roman virtues lift up mortal man. While good and just, and anxious for his friends, he's still severely bent against himself; renouncing sleep, and rest, and food and ease, he strives with thirst, and hunger, toil, and heat: and, when his fortune sets before him all the pomps and pleasures that his soul can wish, his rigid virtue will accept of none.

"SYPHAX:-Believe me, Prince! there's not an African that traverses our vast numidian deserts, in quest of prey, and lives upon his bow, but better practises these boasted virtues. Coarse are his meals, the fortune of the chase; amidst the running stream he slakes his thirst; toils all the day; and, at the approach of night, on the first friendly bank he throws him down, or rests his head upon a rock till morn; then rises fresh, pursues his wonted game, and, if the following day he chance to find a new repast, or an untasted spring, blesses his stars, and thinks it luxury.

"JUBA:-Thy prejudices, Syphax! won't discern what virtues grow from ignorance and choice; nor how the hero differs from the brute: but grant that others could with equal glory look down on pleasures and the baits of sense; where shall we find the man that bears affliction, great and majestic in his griefs, like Cato? Heavens! with what strength, what steadiness of mind, he triumphs in the midst of all his sufferings ! How does he rise against a load of woes, and thank the gods that threw the weight upon him!

"SYPHAX: 'Tis pride, rank pride, and haughtiness of soul-I think the Romans call it stoicism." - ADDISON. - Cato.

• Doo:-(canis, in zoology) a large genus of quadrupeds. The dog, in its wild state lives in the woods in many parts of the east; it does not attack a man, neither does it discover any of that familiarity which we find in tame ones. Indeed, many other animals may be made as tame as the dog by the same treatment, as has been tried on the other, and even on the hog, with success. Authors mention many species of this animal, as the mastiff, wolf-dog, hound, grey-hound, spaniel, water-spaniel, bull-dog. lap-dog, &c. but these are only varieties of the original wild kind, which is of a middle size between the mastiff and greyhound, and distinguished by a tail bending upwards. R. C. has not afforded us a specification of his canine companion; but the reader who is interested in zoology, or is addicted unto rural sports, may exercise conjecture, if not gratify curiosity, by referring to the following synopsis of british dogs, extracted from a modern and approved publication,

3. Mongrels. 2 Rustic Dogs. 1. The more generous kinds,