A SECOND SERIES

OF THE

MANNERS AND CUSTOMS

OF

THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS,

INCLUDING

THEIR RELIGION, AGRICULTURE, &c.

DERIVED FROM A COMPARISON OF

THE PAINTINGS, SCULPTURES, AND MONUMENTS STILL EXISTING,
WITH THE ACCOUNTS OF ANCIENT AUTHORS.

BY SIR J. GARDNER WILKINSON, F.R.S.
F.R.G.S. M. R. S. L. M.I.B. A. &c.

CONTENTS

OF

THE SECOND VOLUME.

(SECOND SERIES.)

CHAPTER XIII. (continued).

SUITE OF THE PANTHEON.

GODS of the Second and Third Orders. Probable Names
of the Twelve Gods of the Second Order

THOTH, Mercury. His Duties in Amenti and on Earth
Plato's Account of Thoth and King Thamus. (This
Name recalls Thmei and Pithom)

Opinion of the King of Letters. Thoth not Hermes

Trismegistus. Argeiphontes. Month Thoth.

of Hermopolis Magna

Cynocephalus, his Emblem.

Page

1

2

3

Temple

4

Thoth the Moon or Ioh.

The Moon a God, not a Goddess

Form of Thoth. Isis not the Moon. Sun and Moon

sailing round the World in Boats

-

5

6

Titles of Thoth. The Eight Regions. Oshmoonein. The

Ibis

A Sow sacrificed at the Full Moon. A Typhonian

Animal

Souls of Wicked passed into Swine. Thoth the Medium

of Intellectual Gifts from the Gods to Men

The Septenary Agents. Inventor of Letters. Taught Men

Page

Astronomy, Music, the Palæstra. Invented the Lyre:
gave it Three Strings for the Three Seasons. Scribe of
the Deity in Amenti. Gave the Olive to Men. Dis-
tinct from Mercury Psychopompos

Figure of Female Thoth, rare.

Neph. Five Greek Mercuries.

to Cicero

HERMES TRISMEGISTUS.

Thoth once styled Son of

Two in Egypt, according

His Title "Lord of Pautnou-

The Name Pautnouphis, whence probably derived. The

Ibis sacred also to him as to Thoth

Caduceus of Mercury. The Forty-two Books of Hermes

Clemens's Account of the principal Books of Hermes.

Ao

10

12

13

14

-

15

or Io probably not the Moon, Ioh. His Dress

Porphyry's Description of "Kneph." Champollion supposed

the God Ao to be Hercules. Characters and Names of

the Egyptian Hercules. Abstract Idea of Strength, also

the Force of the Sun

-

Hercules One of the Twelve Gods. Hercules of Tyre.

Killed the Giants. Called the "Power of the Gods"

Ao conjectured to be Mouè, or the Splendour of the Solar

Rays. Another Form of HERCULES?

16

17

KнONSO, the Third Member of the Theban Triad, and of

Ombos. His Form

Supposed to be Hercules. Occurs in Names, as Pete-

chonsis, &c. Mode of writing his Name. Distinction

of the Sun and Sieve frequently lost in the Hierogly-

phics

HAKÉ, PRÊB-TO, HOR-PI-RÉ, HOR-SENED-TO, and HARKA,

Infant Deities like Harpocrates and Ehôou

T-SON-T-NOFRE, and an Unknown Deity. ATмOO.

Name. Supposed to be Heron or Hero

His Boat. His Dress. NOFRE-ATMOO.

Titles, and Dress

A Symbol accompanying him (vide infrà, Woodcut,

No. 500. a.). ANOUKÉ, or Vesta, at the Cataracts. He-

rodotus's Statement respecting the Names of Deities

unknown in Egypt

20

-

21

23

Page

27

28

29

-

30

-

31

32

33

34

-

-

Names of Neptune. Vesta one of the Deities of Egypt.
Her Dress
THMEI, Truth, or Justice. Her Double Capacity. Thum-
mim. Urim and Thummim
Justice the great Cardinal Virtue; the other Three related
more particuarly to the Possessor of them
The Dead took the Epithet "judged" or "justified."
Similar Idea in Plato, and in the East at present. Fi-
gure of Justice without a Head
MANDOO, Mars Ultor? His Name perhaps the Origin of
Mendes, though not like the Mendes of Herodotus
Error of the Greeks respecting Mendes and Pan
Character of Mandoo. Called also Mandoo-Re, perhaps
Confirmatory of the Origin of Sabæan Worship
His Title of " Avenger." Not the mere God of War, who
was Ranpo, but as a Divine Attribute

MANDOOLI, or Malooli. His Worship in Nubia. The

Triad of Kalabshi. Champollion's Opinion of his Charac-

ter, as the last of the Incarnations of Amun-re

SAVAK, the Crocodile-headed God. Crocodile the Type
of the Sun from its Number Sixty. Not respected
throughout Egypt. Savak a Deity of Thebes

Corresponded to Chronos or Saturn, but different from

Seb or Saturn, the Father of Osiris and Isis. His

Name

TAFNE, Tafnet, or Dafne, with a Lion's Head. Her
Name. THRIPHIS, or Athribis, Companion of Khem.
Her Form unknown, perhaps with a Lion's Head
Another Lion-headed Goddess. HEKTE (Hecate ?) with a
Lion's Head. Where found

MENHAI, also a Lion-headed Goddess. A Form of

NEITH Another Form of PASHT, or of Buto? with the

Head of a Cat

EILETHYIA, Lucina, Soven? or Sebn? not connected with

the Moon. Her Name. Her Office partly shared by

Netpe, and other Deities

Her Office and Form

Her City in the Thebaïd.

The Vulture her Emblem, and the Asp also frequently

35

36

37

338