MANDOOLI, MALOOLI. Mandooli, or, according to the hieroglyphics, Malooli, is mentioned in numerous Greek inscriptions at Kalabshi in Nubia, the ancient Talmis, as the Deity of the place. From the similarity of the names, I had supposed him to be the same as the preceding God; but his figure in the adytum of the temple differs from that of Mandoo, and shows him to be a distinct Deity. In the inscriptions mention is made of his horse, an animal sacred among some nations to the Sun; but little is known of his attributes, or the office he held in the mythology of Egypt. * At Dabôd he occurs as the third member of a triad composed of Seb, Netpe, and this Deity; where his dress, and title, "Lord of Philæ," appear to connect him, on this occasion at least, with Osiris. M. Champollion, after stating that, at Kalabshi, he is the third person" of a triad formed of Horus, his mother Isis, and their son Malouli," comes to the conclusion that this triad was the link which connected the extremity of the Divine chain, as the last of the incarnations of Amun-Re. It was therefore the final triad, of which the three members resolved themselves into those of the first triad, Horus being called the husband of his mother, by whom he had Malooli. Thus these three correspond to Amun, Maut, and Khonso of the Theban sanctuary. This is on the supposition * Champoll. Lettre xi. p. 155, 156. that Maut was in like manner the mother of Amun, as Isis was the mother of Horus. SAVAK, SOVк. Savak, the crocodile-headed Deity of Ombos, was another deified form of the Sun, as may be seen from the hieroglyphic legend in the Plate *, where the crocodile is followed by its figurative hieroglyphic, the globe of Re. This animal was a type of the Sun, "its number sixty," according to Iamblichus †, being thought to accord with that luminary. But the respect paid to it at Ombos, and some other towns of the Thebaïd, was not universal throughout Egypt. The people of Apollinopolis and Tentyris, in particular, held it in the utmost abhorrence; and the enmity consequent upon this difference of opinion was carried so far by the Tentyrites and Ombites, that a serious conflict ensued between them, in which many persons lost their lives. And, if we may believe Juvenal ‡, to such a degree were the passions of the belligerents excited, that the victorious Tentyrites actually ate the flesh of one of their opponents who had fallen into their hands. Thebes acknowledged Savak as a Deity, and the figures represented in the Plate are taken from the sculptures of the capital of Upper Egypt. The hieroglyphics in the first line read, "Savak, the ruler of the Upper Country, the land of No;" * Plate 50. part 2. Hierog. 3. and 4. + Iambl. de Myster. sect. 5. c. 8. Vide infrà, p. 232, 235, which last appears to confirm what I before observed respecting the title given to Thoth.* M. Champollion considers that he corresponded to the Greek Chronos, or Saturn, in consequence of the coins of Crocodilopolis, or Arsinoe, presenting his figure, and a medal of Antoninus struck at Alexandria having the same Deity with a crocodile in his right hand. Clemens of Alexandria, indeedt, supposes the crocodile to be the emblem of time; and Horapollo says the two eyes indicate the rising of the Sun, its body placed in a curved posture the setting, and its tail the darkness of night; but the fact of "the years of Seb" occurring so frequently on the monuments seems rather to identify the father of Osiris with the Greek Chronos. ‡ He sometimes, though rarely, appears with the head of a ram and the asp of Kneph; he then assumes the attributes of that Deity. The crocodile, his emblem, forms part of the name of Sabaco, one of the Ethiopian Princes of the 25th Dynasty; and at Ombos he shares with Aroeris the honours of the sanctuary, one of the adyta of that double temple being dedicated to him. I have once found an instance of the word Savak written Sahbak, or Shabak; and if we may follow the authority of Strabo, Souchos, or rather Sovk, is another mode of his name, which the geographer § tells us was that of the sacred crocodile of Arsinoe. * Vide suprà, p. 7. + Clem. Alex. Strom. 5. + Vide suprà, Vol. I. (2d Series) p. 312. 442. § Strabo, xvii. p. 558. TAFNE, TAFNet, Dafne. This Goddess is represented with a lion's head, and the globe and asp of the Sun, of whom she is said to be the daughter; or with a human head, having the horns, feathers, and globe, which form the head-dress of Athor. She held a conspicuous place among the contemplar Deities of Thebes; but I am not certain what peculiar office she bore, nor to what Deity she corresponded in the Greek Pantheon. She may be the same as the following Goddess; and the city of the Pelusiac Daphne was probably called after her, as well as the predecessor of the modern Tofnees, in the Thebaïd. The latter town, which lies between Esneh and the Gebelayn, is remarkable for its lofty mounds, and appears to have been the Aphroditopolis of Greek writers. * Tafne is represented in the Oasis holding a bow and arrow in her hand, with an eye on her head; but this is of late time, and of unusual occurrence. THRIPHIS, ATHRIBIS. The Goddess Thriphis is mentioned in the Greek dedications of the temples at Chemmis and Athribis, as the contemplar companion of Khem; and from the conspicuous post there held by her, it is evident that she was a Divinity of considerable consequence. Her exact form and attributes, how *Herodot. ii. 30. 107. Tehaphnehes, or Tahpanhes, of S. S., and Tapval of the Septuagint. Vide Vol. I. p. 176. ever, are not ascertained, though it is probable she had the head of a lion.* Mr. Burton has given another Goddess with the head of that animal in the 26th Plate of his valuable "Excerpta;" but being of late Roman time, and of uncertain character, I have not introduced her with the other lion-headed Deities. HAK, HEKTE (HECATE ?). This Deity has also the head of a lion, surmounted by a solar disk; and she sometimes appears under a human form, with the head-dress of Athor. Her name reads Hak, or Hekte, probably the origin of the Grecian Hecate; and it is when bearing the attributes of this Goddess that Isis has the name of Hekte, or Hecate, attached to her own, as I have already observed.† Even the Goddess Maut is found sometimes to assume the title of Hekte, as well as her form and attributes ‡; and the same are likewise given to Pasht or Bubastis.§ Her figure occurs at Medeenet Haboo, and on other monuments of ancient date, both among the Gods of the temples and the Deities of the tombs, recalling the "Hecaten Coloque Ereboque potentem" of Virgil. According to Epiphanius, Hecate is the same as Tithrambo; since he says, "some are * Vide suprà, Vol. I. (2d Series) p. 265. + Vide suprà, Vol. I. (2d Series) p. 369. Vide Plate 27. Part 1. fig. 2. Hierog. 4. Vide suprà, Vol. I. (2d Series) p. 282.; and Plate 27. Part 2. Híerog. 2. || Virg. Æn. vi. 247. |