Moments, was published at Malta in 1833, and is "I must resent the calamities of the time, and the desperate case of this Nation, who seem to have fallen quite from the very faculty of reason, and to be pos disposition to tear one another in this manner; insomuch sess'd with a pure Lycanthropy, with a wolvish kind of that if ever the old saying was verified, Homo homini lupus, it is certainly now. I will conclude with this very But Mr. Ellison has remained silent. A little As Here Men are all turn'd Wolves, O monstrous change!"" Lycanthropy was the transformation of a man into a wolf, whether actually, by means of magical arts, or in imagination, through a kind of frenzy or monomania. As the word is from Greek Akos and av@pwπos, so were-wolf is formed from A.-S. were, a man; and of garou A. Brachet tells us, in his Etymol. French Dict. (ed. Kitchin, C. P. S., 1873), that it is the Old French garoul, from found in Med. Lat., and he quotes Gervasius Gerulphus (as Raoul from Radulphus), which is Tilberiensis thus: "Vidimus frequenter in Anglia per lunationes homines in lupos mutari; quod hominum genus Gerulphos Galli nominant, Angli vero were-vulf dicunt." Gerulphus is of Germ. origin, and answers to Swed. varulf (from var, a man, and ulf, a wolf). Pliny discredited the story: "Homines in lupos verti rursumque restitui sibi, falsum." But he adds: "Ista vulgo infixa est fama in tantum, ut in maledictis versipelles habeat"; and cites the Greek Euanthes as an gives a minute account of the conversion of Lycaon, authority (Nat. Hist., lib. viii. cap. 22). Ovid king of Arcadia, into a wolf, as a punishment from Jupiter for the savage ferocity of his disposition Alphesibus refers such transformations to the (Metam, i. 209-39). In Virgil's Eclog., viii. 95-98, magical effect of herbæ and Ponto lecta venena, and adds: more than two years ago, however, he published, under an assumed name, a very remarkable volume of poems, to which attention was drawn in a long notice in a well-known quarterly review. Mr. Ellison evidently wished to conceal his name from the public, I do not feel that I should be justified in disclosing the title of the volume. It "His ego sæpe lupum fieri et se condere sylvis Morim... vidi." is understood that Mr. Ellison has been engaged It was from a similar belief that, in a conference for many years upon a commentary on Shakspeare, of theologians convened by the Emperor Sigisa work for which his critical powers and deep mund, transformation into were-wolves was propoetic sympathy eminently qualify him. In con-nounced to be a crime, and any assertion to the clusion, I should have much pleasure in lending MR. BUCHANAN the work for which he asks, but unfortunately my copy has been mislaid or lost. HABENT SUA FATA LIBelli. "LUPUS EST HOMINI HOMO "" (5th S. vii. 509; viii. 19.)—Compare The Task, bk. iv. 102:— "I mourn the pride And avarice that make man a wolf to man." Cowper, of course, only quoted his old school-book; but I would repeat the query of the Rev. H. T. Griffith, in his edition of The Task (C. P. S., 1874, p. 238), "Is this the idea embodied in the old legends respecting lycanthropy-the were-wolf (i.e. man-wolf) of the Germanic races, and the loup-garou of the south of France?" Compare Howell's Epist. Ho-Eliana, bk. i. § vi. ep. 58 (dated Dec. 1, 1644) :— contrary was accounted as heresy. ACHE. BAILEY'S "DICTIONARY" (5th S. vii. 447.)-The bibliographical details which MR. BAILEY has given of this celebrated dictionary (5th S. ii. 514 and iii. 509) are so complete, that it may suffice now to say that of the 8vo. work the first volume appeared in 1721, and the second volume in 1727. The folio dictionary was first published in 1730. In the first 8vo. edition, of 1721, there is a very curious mistake; under the word "Gunpowder " Bailey states that it was invented by "Ignatius Loyola, a monk." On the last page there is a note, in Latin, that it should be Bartholdus Schwarts. Considering what Ignatius Loyola really did "invent," it would be fair to ask, was this merely a blunder of Bailey's, or had he been misled by a satirical informant? My friend Mr. Wheatley, which these are the day-books. When a couple are married an account is opened for them, stating the time and place of the marriage; and as each child is born it is entered in the same page, with the date of the birth. Opposite is written the date of death or marriage, as the case may be. In the latter case a fresh account is opened for the newly married couple. The account closes with the death of the old couple; or in case either of them marries a second time, the account is extended if the widower marries, or transferred to a new page if the widow marries; and thus the records have gone present time. Government was so much pleased with these records that it asked for them, and offered to have certified copies lodged in the various places from which they were withdrawn. in his valuable Notices of English Dictionaries, published by the Philological Society, states that Bailey's Dictionary was the first English dictionary illustrated with woodcuts; this, however, is not the case, as in the Glossographia Anglicana Nova, 1707, there are upwards of sixty woodcut illustrations printed in the pages. The contractions in Lowndes, such as Dent, Bindley, &c., refer to celebrated book sales; their purpose is to show the prices of books as produced at the auction of well-known libraries. It must be remembered that Lowndes's book was chiefly intended for the book trade; ordinary book buyers would be mis-on from the early ages of the Society to the led sadly if they trusted to Lowndes's statements of "best editions"; and the prices which he gives must be received with some caution, for many books have increased in sale value, and perhaps even more have diminished, since the dates to which he refers. EDWARD SOLLY. At an early period in the existence of the Society a question as to the validity of Friends' marriages was raised with regard to some property. It was contended that as the marriage was not performed according to the rites of the Church the children were illegitimate, and could not succeed to the property; but the judges held that Friends' marriages were valid, and that decree was never reversed; but the same privilege was not extended to other dissenters. JOSEPH FISHER. Waterford. THE SIMILE MILTON (5th S. vii. 186, 296, of the Poor. 1708." A SOCIETY FOR THE PUBLICATION OF CHURCH REGISTERS: THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS (5th S. vi. 484; vii. 9, 89, 131, 239, 290, 429, 459.)-There is a reference in the reply of CPL. (5th S. vii. 430) to the records of the Society of Friends, about which the readers of " N. & Q." may desire some information. Having been allowed to consult them some years ago, I was struck with the perfect system and order that pervaded them. The organization of the Society of Friends is composed of two parts-the monthly 437.)-The sermon which MR. NASH quotes at meeting, corresponding with the parish, and the the first of the above references, and whose title, quarterly meeting, corresponding with the diocese. The original records are all prepared in duplicate, &c., MR. SOLLY asks for at the second, is this:one of which is pasted into the register of the Whitehall before the King's Majesty at the Nuptials of "The Royal Merchant. A Sermon preached at monthly meeting, the other is pasted into that an Honourable Lord and his Lady. Prov. xxxi. 14. of the quarterly meeting, in the order in which She is like a Merchant's Ship, she bringeth her Food they occur; but they only form the basis for from afar. By Robert Wilkinson, Cambridge. The other records. The Society of Friends looks upon Second Edition. London: Printed and Sold by H. Hills, baptism as an internal change, not an external in Black-Friars, near the Water-side. For the Benefit rite, and the record of birth is a "birth note" This is a copy of the title of my edition, which is which states the time and place of the birth and an octavo. Allibone mentions quartos of 1607 the parents' names; it is witnessed by two persons and 1615, with a reference to Beloe's Anecdotes. who were present at the birth. The marriage The sermon is a most comical one, showing in certificate is a parchment document which describes what respects the bride is to do her utmost to be the proceedings which have been taken towards like a ship, and in what others she is not to think the marriage; it is signed by the bride and bride-of such a thing (MR. NASH's passage is, of course, groom, and by any of those present who wish to sign it; it is read at the meeting, and becomes the property of the wife. But there are other registers which are pasted into the books. The record of death is called a "burial note"; it is an order from the appointed officer to the person in charge of the burial-ground, and directs him to make a grave, and therein lay the body of So-and-so, who died the day of The gravedigger certifies that the body was duly buried. These are the original documents prepared in duplicate, which are preserved, one by the local, the other by the provincial registrar. The latter has a separate book, of the nature of a ledger, to of the latter kind), and ending with the devout aspiration that she may, "in the mean time, do worthily in Ephratah and be famous in Brittain ; live to a Hundred, grow into Thousands, and your Seed possess the Gate of his Enemy. Amen." Bexhill. CHARLES F. S. WARREN, M.A. "THE GRIM FEATURE":"PARADISE LOST" (4th S. xii. 85, 191, 316, 435; 5th S. i. 52, 236; ii. 378; v. 186; vii. 497.)-Is it possible that JABEZ can have read this "long passage" and then deliberately tell us (5th S. vii. 497) that in it "neither parent is once named"? Why, the greater portion of it is made up of dialogue between the parents and their offspring, and the relationship directly acknowledged seven times at least. The passage extends, as I take it, from 1. 235 to 1. 409, from which, with permission, I will set down the following extracts. At the commencement Sin says to Death (235238): "O son, why sit we here, each other viewing Of Satan it is said, ll. 330-331: "Disguis'd he came, but those his children dear Their parent soon discern'd, though in disguise." Again, 1. 349: "Met who to meet him came, his offspring dear.” Ll. 352-354: "Long he admiring stood, till Sin, his fair Enchanting daughter, thus the silence broke: "That I must after thee with this thy son." Ll. 383-386: "Whom thus the prince of darkness answer'd glad: The reader now shall judge for himself whether it be true or otherwise that in this "long passage neither parent is once named "; and all that I shall say on my own behalf is, that if the affirmative be the fact, the whole gist of JABEZ's argument is as fatal to his view as it is conclusive of mine. But there is a word to be said on the other passage quoted, book ii. 11. 781 and 804, "where," JABEZ tells us, 66 one of his parents is addressing Death." Now, marvellous to say, the whole of this speech is addressed by Sin to Satan, as the most cursory glance will make plain to any one. It will be seen, too, that the relationship between the several personages is not a whit more broadly stated in the passage of book ii, than in that of book x. I need hardly, perhaps, mention that the italics in the quotations are my own. EDMUND TEW, M.A. STONE'S SERMON AT ST. PAUL'S, 1661 (5th S. vii. 401, 450.)-The fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, was not Samuel but Benjamin Stone, who was admitted a pensioner from co. Norfolk in 1598, D.D. 1660 (Masters's Hist. Corpus Christi College). Benjamin Stone, M.A., was admitted and instituted to the rectory of St. Mary Abchurch on May 19, 1613; collated on May 2, 1637, to the rectory of St. Clement Eastcheap; and on March 5, 1638-9, to the prebend of Reculverland in the cathedral church of St. Paul (Bishops' Certificates, London dioc.). In March, 1642, the rectories of St. Mary Abchurch and St. Clement Eastcheap were sequestered from Benjamin Stone (Jour. House of Lords, vol. v. pp. 663-4); and in the proceedings of the Committee of the House of Commons for the relief of "plundered ministers" are the following entries: "20° Junij, 1646.-Cleamentes East Cheape & Mary Abb Church. It is ordered yt ye peticon of Joane ye wife of Beniamine Stone, from whom y rectoryes of Clementes East Cheape & Mary Abb Church, London, are sequestred, bee shewed to ye respectiue ministers & sequestrato of y sayd Churches & to returne their answere therein to this Comtee " "Julij 27°, 1646.-Mary Abchurch & Clemt Eastcheape. It is ordered that the ministers & sequestrato of the respective Rectories of Mary Abchurch & Clemt Eastcheape, London, doe shew cause before this Cotee on the 13th day of August next ensueinge wherefore they doe not pay vnto Joane the wife of Beniamin Stone, from whome the 8d Rectories are sequestred, the 5th p'te of the proffittes of the sd Rectories, according to the seu'all orders of this Cotee in that behalfe." In the face of the above authorities it is evident that the Christian name of Prebendary Stone was Benjamin, and not Samuel. I will only add that a Samuel Stone from co. Derby was admitted a pensioner of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, in 1656, and proceeded to M. A. in 1663. E. H. W. D. See the Fifth Report of Historical MSS. Commission, "House of Lords' Calendar, 1642-3, March 23.-Order for sequestering the living of St. Mary Abchurch." EMILY COLE. Teignmouth. MARLOW'S "FAUSTUS" (5th S. vii. 388, 493.)— MR. PHILLIPS must, I think, have lost sight of his answer to my query about the opening lines of the chronology of Marlow's plays when he wrote Doctor Faustus. I would therefore call his attention to the following_extracts from Collier's History of Dramatic Poetry, Dyce's "Account of Marlow and his Writings" prefixed to his edition of the poet's works, and Warton's History of English Poetry. Tamburlaine the Great "is Marlow's earliest drama, at least the earliest of his plays which we possess" (Dyce, xv); "Marlow's Faustus, in all probability, was written very soon after his Tamburlaine the Great" (Collier, ii. 126). It follows from this that the "proud audacious deeds" referred to in the fifth line may possibly be those of the Scythian shepherd, though I should not be prepared to assert it as confidently as MR. PHILLIPS does. Edward II. is regarded by both Dyce and Collier "as one of the author's latest pieces " (Dyce, xxiv). Though Lust's Dominion has been ascribed to Marlow, it has been distinctly shown by Mr. Collier that it is "unquestionably not his." He conjectures with great probability that it is no other than The Spaneshe Mores Tragedie, which was written by Dekker, Haughton, and Day, and is mentioned in Henslowe's Diary under the "13th of febrearye, 1599" (Dyce, xlvii). I therefore think I am justified in not accepting MR. PHILLIPS's explanation of the third and fourth lines. H. imagines that the sovereign's commission necessarily confers the title of Esquire. The sovereign's commission does confer the title of Esquire on a magistrate and on a captain in the army, but it only confers the title of Gentleman on a lieutenant in the army. J. LLEWELYN CURTIS. Is it not the fact that in recent Tables of Pre"Gentlemen entitled to bear arms"? H. C. That "the fields of warlike Thrasymene" refer to Dido, Queen of Carthage, is still less evident" to me. How can two lines in one of Marlow's earliest plays refer to the Tragedy of Dido, cedence barristers take their proper place beneath "which was completed for the stage by Nash after the decease of Marlow" (Warton, 907; Dyce, xxxvi)? What in the name of chronology has the battle of Thrasymene, fought two hundred years before Christ (217 B.C.), to do with Dido, who lived six centuries (B.c. 853 c.)-or, if we adopt the poetical anachronism which makes her a contemporary of Æneas, almost a thousand years -earlier (B.c. 1190 c.)? L. BARBÉ. Bückeburg, Germany. THE TITLE OF “ESQUIRE" (5th S. vii. 348, 511; viii. 33.)-Allow me to contribute the following quotation from Molière to the correspondence on the value of this title, under the ancien régime, in France. M. de Pourceaugnac expresses his objections to being hanged, and says, "Une preuve comme celle-là ferait tort à nos titres de noblesse." Sbrigani replies, "Vous avez raison: on vous contesterait après cela le titre d'écuyer" (Act iii. sc. 2). Athenæum. ARTHUR RUSSELL. "Barristers at law you shall enter by that title, but you shall accept them as gentlemen only, unless otherwise qualified to bear the title of Esquire.” The above is an extract from the instructions issued in 1682 by Clarencieux to May and King, his deputies, on their "visiting" the counties of Worcester, Warwick, &c. But I venture to say, in reply to MR. CURTIS (p. 34), that I think a chapter of the Heralds' College would in these days admit that a barrister is entitled to write himself armiger. At all events, the right of a graduate of an inn of court to that title is sufficiently attested by the fact that the Court of Common Pleas refused to hear an affidavit because a barrister named therein was not called Esquire. See the Heraldry of Worcestershire, Introduction, xlix; Bythewood's Conreyancing, ii. 386; Burke's Patrician, v. 114; and Gent. Mag., 1834, i. 51. H. S. G. HALLEN FAMILY (5th S. viii. 28.)-Cornelius Hallen was buried at Oldswinford (Stourbridge), Oct. 29, 1682. This is, I believe, the first entry of the name in the registers; but Anne, the daughter of Cornelius Holland, was baptized in 1652, and Constance, the wife of Cornelius Holland, was buried in 1654. In 1704 John Grazebrook married Elizabeth (née Hunt), the widow of Samuel Hallen, of Stourbridge, but in her marriage Holland. In fact, the family seem to have changed licence at Worcester she is called Elizabeth their name about the time of the Restoration, a fact (?) which almost leads me to suppose that they were in some way related to Cornelius Holland the regicide, of whose family history little or nothing seems to be known. If your correspondent will communicate with me, I shall be glad to tell him all I know about the Hallens. In the mean time I beg leave to refer him to Dr. Howard's Miscellanea, ii. 406. H. SYDNEY GRAZEBROOK. Middleton Villa, Grove Park, Chiswick. WHITSUNDAY (5th S. viii. 2.)-MR. PICTON'S article is quite conclusive, and there can be no further controversy about it. The Ancren Riwle and the Icelandic dictionary between them settle the matter for ever. I merely write this to remind MR. PICTON that the connexion between Whitsunday and the Icelandic hvítasunnudagr is duly recorded in my Index to the dictionary, published last year. It is, perhaps, as well to note that Whitsunweek is a wretched popular corruption of Whitsundayweek, Icel. hvítasunnudagsvika, due to the fact that the phrase hvíta sunna, i.e. white sun, could be used by itself in Icelandic to denote the Dominica in Albis. Any who require further information may find it in Mr. Vigfusson's article upon the word hvítr, p. 302. WALTER W. SKEAT. 2, Salisbury Villas, Cambridge. EDWARD GIBBON AND JOHN WHITAKER (5th S. vii. 444, 489.)-I have read MR. BAILEY'S note, but do not see that it, in the slightest degree, touches or refers to the fact I put forward in the testimony of Lord Sheffield-the true reason that prompted or induced Mr. Whitaker to write against Mr. Gibbon. The statement is clear and convincing, being supported by every circumstance connected with the case. It is unnecessary to recapitulate them, to enter upon other matters, or to enlarge upon the merits of the great Gibbon, "who still sits upon the imperial throne of history unapproached, if not unapproachable." I know that Mr. Whitaker pretended it was on a different account he attacked Gibbon, but I place no reliance on his statement when confronted with that of Lord Sheffield. I beg to close by giving a quotation that Mr. Gibbon himself used respecting the struggle of authors for literary fame: "The judicious lines of Dr. Young, 'That every author lives or dies by his own pen, and that the unerring sentence of time assigns its proper rank to every composition and to every criticism which it preserves from oblivion.'" D. WHYTE. 213, Upper Parliament Street, Liverpool. "Ev'N IN OUR ASHES LIVE THEIR WONTED FIRES," GRAY'S "ELEGY" (5th S. vii. 470; viii. 17.)--It is Gray himself who appends three lines of Petrarch as a note to the above passage (see ed. 1768, p. 117): "Ch'i' veggio nel pensier, dolce mio foco, Fredda una lingua, e duo begli occhi chiusi Petrarch, Son. 169 (in some editions 170). But certainly the suggestion is not very strong. The point of Gray's line lies in the epithet wonted, which the Petrarchian prototype hardly involves. Gray was deeply imbued with Italian literature, and seems to have prided himself not a little on this knowledge. Some of your readers may like to be reminded that under "The curfew tolls the knell of parting day" Gray quotes (ed. 1768) from Dante's Purgatorio, "Gu., two chev. betw. three falcons ar., beaked, cant. viii. 1. 5: "Squilla di lontano, Che paia il giorno pianger che si muore." J. L. WARREN. FRANCIS FAUQUIER (5th S. vii. 427.)-In 1737 an address to the public for funds to establish the General or Mineral Water Hospital, Bath, was issued. Contributions are to be sent "to Richard Nash, Esq. (Beau Nash), Francis Fauquier, Esq., and Dr. Oliver, at Bath, or Mr. Benjamin Hoare, banker, at the Golden Bottle, Fleet Street, London." On Jan. 15, 1738, the accounts of the treasurers, Dr. W. Oliver, Richard Nash, Esq., and Francis Fauquier, Esq., were examined and approved. Was this Francis Fauquier any relation of the Francis Fauquier for whose armorial bearings MR. TOMLINSON makes inquiry? R. WILBRAHAM FALCONER, M.D. Bath. HERALDIC (5th S. vii. 288.)-The coat which G. inquires about is, I should think, that of Hadley, of co. Hereford, which is thus blazoned by Burke: legged, and belled or. Crest: A falcon ar., beaked, legged, and belled or, holding in the mouth a buckle of the last." I suspect that what G. describes as 66 a chevron, thereon a couple-close," is really two chevronels. The impalement is probably Gilham. H. S. G. THE SCOTCH-IRISH JOHNSTONS (5th S. vii. 449.) I find, on a reference to the Book of Family Crests, vol. ii. p. 259, that a Scotch family of Johnstone, not particularized, bore as a crest "an arm in armour, holding a sword erect, all ppr.” HIRONDELLE. Walsall. WHITSUNDAY AND WHITSUN DAY (5th S. vii. 488.)-May 15 is a term day in Scotland, and is called Whitsun Day. The almanac mentioned by J. F. M. is therefore adapted to both England and Scotland. Presbyterians deliberately ignore Church festivals. E. LEATON BLENKINSOPP. "TOOT HILLS" (5th S. vii. 461.)-MR. THOMS says, "I wonder how many Toot Hills, or Tothills, are now left in England!" There is one about |