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[We must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest, to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that the answers may be addressed to them direct.]

can only be traced back to one Thomas Cartwright,
alias Vicars, of Scawsbie, who made his will
Dec. 7, 1576. He is mentioned as cousin in the
will of Roger Cartwright, of Coningsborough,
within the deanery of Doncaster, dated Nov. 28,
1539, and there is called "Thomas Cartwright of
Scawsbie," without the alias of "Vicars." Fur-
thermore, John, the eldest son of the above Roger
Cartwright, in his will, dated Feb. 14, 1569, calls
himself "John Vicars, otherwise called John Cart-
wright, of Conyngsbro'." The family is of some
interest in South Yorkshire, one member, Thomas
Cartwright, alias Vicars, of Scawsbie, having by
his will, dated June 10, 1597, left 10l. a year to
both universities for the education of one of my
poor kinsmen or blood" for ever.
This charity
has disappeared, but whither I am unable to say.
He also left some local benefactions. Can any
one tell me why the alias of "Vicars" was added
to the name of Cartwright, and give me any clue
as to the earlier descent of this family? One
Edward Vicars, of Quarne, in co. Derby, who
claimed to be a son of "William Vicars, of
Scoresby, in com' Ebor.," was found in the Visita-
tion of 1569 to have usurped arms; he bore,
"Argent, upon a cross patonce, sable, five estoiles
ALFRED SCOTT GATTY.
Ecclesfield, Sheffield.

PRESBYTERIANISM IN ENGLAND, 1646-1660.The writer is anxious to ascertain in what parts of England the Presbyterian discipline was set up during the above period. As is well known, owing to the zeal of individual advocates of it, it was in most active operation in London and in Lancashire. About 1648 there was a disposition to put it in force in Suffolk and Essex. The latter county, in a printed document, was mapped out into "Classes," with a somewhat incomplete roll of ministers and elders; but it does not appear that it ever got to work. Information as to the districts in which Presbyterianism exercised its functions seems, in the absence of direct information in the authorities on the subject, to be best obtained from incidental sources. Philip Henry was ordained in Shropshire, 1659, by the "nearest acting Class of Presbyters, in the Hundred of Bradford North, wherein Mr. Porter, of Whitchurch, was the leading man." In twelve years this Classis ordained sixty-three ministers (Anor." Account of the Life and Death of Mr. P. Henry, ed. 1698, p. 35). In Derbyshire there was a Classis at Chesterfield, and another at Wirksworth. At the latter place the son of Master Samuel Hieron, the author of the Sermons, was ordained; as also was Josiah Whiston, father of the celebrated translator of Josephus. As to Cheshire, Henry Newcome, afterwards of Manchester, was ordained at Sandbach, in 1648; and he preached (Oct. 20, 1653), as minister of Gawsworth, "at Knutsford Exercise; and we then met," he records, “about a classical association" (Autobiog., pp. 10,

46).

One of the earliest orders for the carrying out of the new discipline is that of Feb. 20, 1645-6, being the resolution of the Houses of Parliament:

"That there be forthwith a Choice made of Elders

throughout the Kingdome of England, and Dominion of Wales, in the respective Parish Churches and Chappels, according to such Directions as have already passed both Houses, bearing date the 19 of August, 1645, and since that time. And all Classes and Parochial Congregations respectively are hereby authorized and required forthwith effectually to proceed therein accordingly."Husband's Folio, p. 809.

JOHN E. BAILEY.

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UDAL'S "ROISTER DOISTER."-I should feel greatly obliged for help in the following difficulties, which I have met with in the first scene of Roister Doister:

1. What is a "sayd saw," and to what "sayd saw "does Merygreek allude in the following lines?

"As long lyveth the mery man (they say)

As doth the sory man, and longer by a day."

makes use of compounds which in most cases indi2. In enumerating his victims the jovial sponger cate the peculiarities of those that bear them, as, for example, "Davy Diceplayer," "Nichol Neverthrives." It is natural to suppose that the other names are also intended to convey a meaning. Can any one suggest it? The passage is as follows:

"Sometime Tom Titivile maketh us a feast, Sometime with Sir Hugh Pye I am a bidden guest,

Sometime I am feasted with Bryan Blinkinsoppe, Sometime I hang on Hankyn Hoddydodies sleeve." How does the name of Merygreek himself denote that, "Whatever chaunce betide, he can take no thought"? 3. What meaning is to be given to the word "loute" in these lines?"In these twentie townes, and seke them throughout, Is not the like stocke, whereon to graffe a loute." According to Johnson "lout" means "an awkward fellow, a bumpkin, a clown." I am inclined to add to these explanations that of "flatterer,

sponger," as the verb "to lout" signifies, according to the same authority, "to pay obeisance, to bow," &c. Does any reader of "N. & Q." know of other passages that can be adduced in support of this interpretation?

4. What is the meaning of the line"Hold up his yea and nay, be his nowne white sonne"? This, says Merygreek, is the way to win Roister Doister's heart. L. BARBÉ.

Bückeburg, N. Germany.

THE "LIBER NIGER."-In the appendix to the Chronicon Petroburgense, as published by the Camden Society, appears this record of the possessions of the monastery of St. Peter, but there is not any information as to the condition of the MS. or its history.

I have searched the Archæologia and the indices to your valuable storehouse without finding any information or any clue.

I therefore venture to hope you will allow me to propose the points I have named as queries to your correspondents; and I shall feel much obliged to them for any information, especially as to whether the MS. has all the entries as fully as they are printed, or whether the entries have been extended from records as brief as those in Domesday and elsewhere. B. J.

"ABRAHAMUS A SCHÖNBERG, supremus rei metallica in Electoratu Saxoniæ et Freiburgæ Præfectus."

"Johannes Theodoricus a Schönberg [Johan. Bartol. equitum tribunus, sive Colonellus (?)], Cancellarius Ducatus Altenburgensis." -Wanted information as to these two, or sources of information. The latter is said to have drawn up a history of the Schomberg family. Where is it? Отто.

GRACE AT DINNER.-The well-known

"Benedictus benedicat,"
"Benedicto benedicatur,"

before and after dinner, are so usual, that one seldom inquires their origin. Any reader would much oblige by accounting for it. Who first used these phrases? Any account of them would be esteemed by

82.

DE SOZIER AND DA SOUZA FAMILIES.-Does any French, Spanish, or Portuguese heraldry or armoury contain the arms, &c., of either of these two families? Perhaps MR. WOODWARD, of Montrose, will kindly look it up for me in his copy of Segoing's Armorial Universel of 1679 (see "N. & Q.," 5th S. vi. 537). These works are not accessible to me in the U.S., or I would not trouble your readers. SIGMA.

REV. WILLIAM LESLIE, Vicar of St. John's Parish, Barbadoes, during the middle of the seventeenth century.-To what branch of the Leslie family did he belong? By the records in the public offices of the island it appears that his wife's name was Ann, and by her he had issueCol. John Leslie; Charles; Isabella; Margory, who m. Archibald Carmichael, Esq., Provost Marshal of Barbadoes; Rebecca, m. James Keith; and Elizabeth, m. first William Johnson, and secondly Sir Peter Colleton. FORTIBUS.

OLD SUSSEX

FAMILIES: DEVENISH AND

COMBER.-William Devenish, lessee of the Broill,
Chichester, in 1570, left five daughters, his co-
heirs, one of whom, Cicely, married a Richard
or John Comber, of Donington. I want to know
what relation this gentleman was to the John
Comber, of Donington, whose sister and heir
married Marck Miller, Esq., a justice of Chi-
chester, who died 1672, and who was the father
of Sir Thomas Miller, created a baronet in 1705.
The Millers, of course, quarter the arms of
Comber. Are they entitled to quarter those of
Devenish also, through the marriage above men-
tioned?
E. M. S.

EDWARD RANDOLPH, brother of Sir Thomas Randolph, the well-known ambassador, was made by Queen Elizabeth, in 1563, "High Marshall of the garrison of Newhaven." From certain allusions in documents of the period, I imagine this place to have been Havre (de Grâce), but I should like to have my conjecture confirmed.

Ryde, I.W.

EDMUND RANDOLPH.

SCHLIEMANN THE EXPLORER.-In a recent BRUTON STREET AND SHERIDAN.-In the Con-stated that once, when threatened by savage dogs, magazine sketch of Schliemann the explorer, it is fessions of William Henry Ireland, 1805, p. 2, it he remembered the example of Ulysses and sat is said that a private play was performed "at the down, for, according to Aristotle and Pliny, dogs then mansion of R. B. Sheridan, Esq., in Bruton will not bite a mai in a sitting posture. Where Street, at which was present a large party of the is this recorded of Ulysses? Will some one give nobility." This is not noted by Cunningham as the reference in Pliny or Aristotle? And is the one of the residences of Sheridan; is there any assertion correct in fact? means of ascertaining, from extant letters or otherwise, what the number of the house was? There is no tablet to Sheridan set up in any street -this would be a good street to place it in if the house can be identified. C. A. WARD. Mayfair.

Shinfield Grove.

W. T. M.

SIR JOHN BERRYNE, OR BERNE.--In the Gent. Mag. for 1813, vol. lxxxiii., is an account of the funeral of the third Earl of Rutland, who was buried at Botesworth, near Belvoir, May 13, 1587.

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CARDINAL WOLSEY.-Where is the most authentic detailed account of the last few days of the life of Cardinal Wolsey to be found? A. E. L. L. ROBERT DUFFIELD came with his son Benjamin to Pennsylvania about the year 1682. He left a son Robert in England, who died in Kent or Sussex before A.D. 1694. Can any information be given of the son Robert or his descendants?

DELLIEN.

CAXTON.-A Jeremias de Caxtun figured as a "Justicius assignatus ad custodiam Judæorum" in the earlier part of the reign of Edward I. Was he an ancestor of William Caxton ? M. D. DAVIS.

fields in general. Boileau, in his first ode, says, "Les guérets pleins d'épis." Littré derives guéret from Vervactum, a term used by Varro and Columella for land that is lying fallow. L. A. R. Athenæum.

66

THE APOLOGIA PRO VITA SUA."-Dr. Newman, in The History of my Religious Opinions, p. 19, ed. 1876, says if Bishop Butler's doctrine, that probability is the guide of life, were to be allowed, "then the celebrated saying, 'O God, if there be a God, save my soul, if I have a soul,' would be the highest measure of devotion." Can any one say where this celebrated saying is to be found for the first time, and who uttered it?

S. F.
AUTHORS OF BOOKS WANTED.-
Mare Mediterraneum.-It appeared in the Cornhill,
Dec., 1861, under the signature of "Cette, July, 1861.
J. N."?
Book, World.-It appeared in All the Year Round,
No. 29, Nov. 12, 1859?
R. H.

G. T. D.

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED.— "What? Have I found the common herd So warm at heart and true, That I should weep at one's deceit, And break my heart for you?" "Father of light, to thee I call, Afflicted at thy feet I fall," &c. J. D. H. The anchor's weighed, the sails unfurled." H. H. B. "Three centuries he grows, and three he stays JOHN BARGRAVE, brother of the Dean of Can- Supreme in state, and in three more decays." W. R. E. terbury, is said to have written a treatise on Virginia about A.D. 1621, under the signature of the goddess Thetis, and where does it occur? Who uses the word "tinsel-slippered" of the feet of Ignotus." Is there a copy extant ? E. A. SIMPSON.

E. D. N.

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"On Wednesday last there were nine weddings among the Jews, three of which were lottery ones, that is, the lowest class of the people pay a penny a week apiece for their female children towards a fund, out of which they draw, by lots, a 201. prize for their portions when they marry."

Does the custom alluded to still prevail among
the Jews, and has it been noticed in connexion
with marriage ceremonies ?
S.

WREST PARK, BEDS.-Am I wrong in deriving the name of Wrest, in Bedfordshire, from the old French guéret, a field that has been ploughed but not yet sown? Guérets is used by the poets for

"Sanctus Ivo erat Brito
Advocatus, sed non latro
Res miranda populo."
"Une maison joyeuse
Paraissait être un nid beni.
Quelques débris des pierres,
Ûne armée a
Passée par là

Et les hommes sont frères :
Le progrès, le voilà !"

WILLIAM E. A. AXON.

Replies.

DR. HOOK'S MISLEADING STATEMENT. (5th S. vii. 282, 350.)

In answer to my note (5th S. vii. 282), Mr. Tew says that he is sure I am in error when I affirm that the worship and invocation of saints were authorized dogmas of belief in the fourth century; and he adds that at any rate such doctrines were not held and taught by the Fathers of whom I have given a list from Thorndike, and least of all by St. Chrysostom and St. Augustine; that these two writers, when alluding to the practice, simply do so to condemn it, as in the passage

which I quoted from the former; and he concludes that whatever may be thought of Dr. Hook's view, it is clear that that of Thorndike is quite untenable. If I called the statement of the author of the Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury a strange one, I must call these assertions I have just quoted from MR. TEw's letter simply amazing. Let your readers judge for themselves whether there is the smallest hint of censure or condemnation in the words which I cited from St. Chrysostom. If I thought that any one else could mistake their meaning, I would bring forward other passages in which the saint speaks of doing this very thing himself; but surely I may spare myself the trouble. As for Thorndike, he is too respectable an authority to require to be supported by me; but, to show that he does not stand alone, I may quote what another learned Protestant writer of later date says of one of those Fathers whom he names as sanctioning this practice. Dr. Adam Clarke, in his Succession of Sacred Literature, thus speaks of Gregory Nazianzen :

"The recurrence to saints and angels in his writings is too frequent to be accounted for by the momentary excitement of his feelings, and too long and earnest to make doubt possible whether the addresses sprang from a firm belief in a thoroughly digested creed. He calls the saints to assist, and represents them as assisting, and every reader must feel that the invocations have more of the heart than of the imagination, that they are not mere prosopopoeias, but that belief speaks in the glow of eloquence."

Dr. Clarke is right. There cannot be two opinions about the matter amongst those who have really read the words of this and other Fathers.

As for the passages which MR. TEw has quoted against the invocation of saints and angels, as he thinks, they must be taken together with those other at least equally plain and unmistakable ones, such as that which I have referred to in St. Chrysostom, and of which I could bring forward any number, in favour of this invocation. They do not contradict one another, but only show that the ancient writers of the Church had in view two kinds of this cultus: the one in which saints or angels were regarded as independent sources of the blessings which were asked for from them, which was to make them, in a manner, equal to God-a cultus false, blasphemous, and idolatrous, branded with the anathemas of the Church; the other in which they were looked upon simply as patrons and intercessors, and were asked to obtain blessings by their prayers from the one true God, the only source of all good-a cultus which evidently had the full sanction and approval of the Church, and which is borne witness to by the Fathers named by Thorndike and by all others, perhaps without exception.

The second letter, in the same number, partly answers the first, and so far I must thank H. P. D. for it; but I must demur to the greater part of

his pleading in Dr. Hook's defence. I have put
a gloss upon his words, he says, i.e. I have said
what I think he means. H. P. D. has done the
same, and it is his opinion against mine.
My
belief is that ninety-nine out of every hundred
readers will take my view and not his; but
others must judge of this. He says I must be
aware of the difference between worship* and in-
vocation. Whatever difference there may be, I
know that invocation of saints is commonly called
worship of saints, and worship of saints is explained
by invocation of saints, because this invocation is
the chief act of such worship. The real difference
to be considered is not that between worship and
invocation, but that between the modes of re-
garding the objects of this worship and invocation;
whether they are looked upon as able to give
what is asked, of and from themselves, or are
merely called upon as intercessors with God. It
is this latter kind of worship and invocation of
which I understand Dr. Hook to speak, when he
says that the worship of saints was not practised
in the early part of the Middle Ages; and what
confirms me in this opinion is a passage which
occurs later in his work, in which, after saying
that now, in the thirteenth century, saint worship
was carried to the height of extravagance, he goes
on to speak of a prayer of St. Edmund, which is
found in a MS. in the British Museum, and says
that, as it shows the character of the devotion of
the age, and is therefore of considerable importance,
he will translate it for his readers. This prayer
is as follows:-

"O Holy and Blessed John, apostle and evangelist of
God, who wast, as a virgin, chosen by our Lord, and
wast by Him more beloved than others, obtain for me
from the Lord that gift which was vouchsafed to thee,
that my latter end may be happy and exemplary. Grant
that I may finish my course sound in faith, in sure
hope, in peace and charity with all men, with my mind
clear, with sufficient bodily strength to make my con-
fession unto salvation, and to receive the viaticum and
extreme unction with an earnest desire to see the
adorable face of our Lord Jesus Christ."
I suppose that St. Edmund's meaning is beyond
misapprehension, and that the most captious critic
will not take exception to the expression "Grant,"
&c., after what has gone before. Now here is no-
thing of that gross and detestable idolatry † which

It ought not to be necessary to say that the word "worship may be, and is, used of the most various kinds of homage, from the highest to the lowest. A good example of this latitude of meaning is found in shipped the Lord and the king." The Hebrew word is 1 Chron. xxix. 20, "And all the congregation...worused in the same wide way. To worship a saint or an angel, therefore, is not necessarily to give him Divine honours, as some seem still to think.

+ St. Augustine, Contra Faustum, admirably explains the Christian worship of the martyrs, as also that bethe difference between the heathen worship of idols and tween the latter and the highest worship which is due to God alone, but the passage is too long to quote.

H. P. D. thinks is meant by worship of saints, and which Mr. Palmer talks about in his "celebrated letters," but precisely the same thing as is found in the writings of St. Chrysostom, St. Gregory Nazianzen, and others, and it is this, as it seems clear to me, that Dr. Hook is referring to in the passage which I originally quoted from him, and which, in consequence, I must still regard as a most "misleading statement." E. R.

"NINE MEN'S MORRICE" AND "NINE HOLES" (5th S. vii. 466, 514.) "Nine men's morrice" may be enjoyed without the elaborate board J. T. M. deems necessary. A notice of the game is to be found in Hone's edition of Strutt's Sports and Pastimes, pp. 317–18 :—

-

"Merelles, or, as it was formerly called in England, nine mens'* morrice, and also five-penny morris, is a game of some antiquity. Cotgrave describes it as a boyish game, and says it was played here commonly with stones, but in France with pawns, or men made on purpose, and they were termed merelles, hence the pastime itself received that denomination. It was certainly much used by shepherds formerly, and continues to be used by them and other rustics to the present hour. But it is very far from being confined to the practice of boys and girls. The form of the merelle table and the lines upon it, as it appeared in the fourteenth century, is here represented. These lines have not been varied. The black spots at every angle and intersection of the lines are the places for the men to be laid upon. The men are different in form or colour for distinction sake; and from the moving these men backwards or forwards, as though they were dancing a morris, I suppose the pastime received the appellation of nine mens morris; but why it should have been called five-penny morris I do not know. The manner of playing is briefly this: two persons, having each of them nine pieces or men, lay them down alternately, one by one, upon the spots, and the business of either party is to prevent his antagonist from placing three of his pieces so as to form a row of three without the intervention of an opponent piece. If a row be formed, he that made it is at liberty to take up one of his competitor's pieces from any part he thinks most to his own advantage, excepting he has made a row, which must not be touched if he have another piece upon the board that is not a component part of that row. When all the pieces are laid down, they are played backwards and forwards in any direction that the lines run, but can only move from one spot to another at one time. He that takes off all his antagonist's pieces is the conqueror. The rustics, when they have no materials at hand to make a table, cut the lines in the same form upon the ground, and make a small hole for every dot. They then collect, as above mentioned, stones of different forms or colours for the pieces, and play the game by depositing them in the holes in the same manner that they are set over the dots upon the table. Hence Shakspeare, describing the effects of a wet and stormy season, says:—

'The folds stand empty in the drowned field, And crows are fatted with the murrain flock, And nine mens' morrice is filled up with mud.'”

About twenty years ago an attempt was made

The apostrophe is thus placed throughout Strutt's mention of the game.

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to gain drawing-room favour for "merelles." Boxes of neatly turned men, accompanied by leather covered boards stamped with gilt lines and stations, were commended to the notice of the public by an assurance of the antiquity of the game and the foregoing quotation from Shakspeare. It struck me that the whole thing was a kind of glorified "tit-tat-toe," a pastime with which I suppose many of your readers have relieved the tedium of their arithmetical exercises at school. The modern "merelle" board and the fourteenth century table given in Strutt would require twenty-four holes, if it were adequately represented by the rustic on the ground. I am inclined to think he perhaps generally contented himself with nine, and that his pastime came to be called "five-penny morris," the name which Strutt cannot account for, from his frequent use of five pennies instead of men. With nine holes only, five pieces for each player would be ample force for the fray. The game of "nine holes" itself is described by Strutt (p. 274) as being probably the same as one which he calls "a succedaneum for skittles," and which does not seem likely to have been played on a cloister bench. Neither does a marble game he mentions as bearing the same name account for the holes at Chichester and elsewhere. If these were not made for "nine men's morrice," they may have been for some pastime of the nature of bagatelle, in which marbles took the place of balls.

A day or two after I had despatched the foregoing remarks I came upon two street boys, who had chalked on the pavement a scheme of lines and dots which put me at once in mind of the "merelle" table figured in Strutt, and was capable of being used for the same purpose, though its arrangements were somewhat different. Stones represented the men, and the lads said they were playing at "fives." I did not ask how many pieces each held, but from the number on the board I think he must have had more than five. What surprised me most was to see three on a dot in the middle of the table. In "merelles" and the "tit-tat-toe" such a condition of generic game ST. SWITHIN. things could never be.

HENRY ELLISON (5th S. vii. 508.)-In reply to MR. BUCHANAN, I may state that Mr. Henry Ellison is the second son of the late Colonel Ellison, of Sudbrook Holme, Lincolnshire, formerly M.P. for Lincoln, and was born, I believe, in the year 1810, and was educated at Westminster School and Christchurch, Oxford. cousin, the late Mr. Richard Ellison, was the donor to the nation of the magnificent collection

His

of pictures known as the Ellison Gallery, at the Kensington Museum. As Mr. Henry Ellison is still alive, I do not think it is necessary to go into any further particulars. His first work, Mad

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