ever be the quantity in the original, have, in English pronun- || ciation, the accent on the first syllable: and if a single consonant come between two vowels, the consonant goes to the 'ast syllable, and the vowel in the first is long, as Cato, Ceres, Comus, &c. 27. Polysyllables, adopted whole from the Greek or Latin into English, have generally the accent of the Latin: that is, if the penultimate be long, the accent is on it, as Severus, Democedes, &c.; if short, the accent is on the antepenultimate, as Demosthenes, Aristophanes, Posthumus, &c. See In troduction. 28. When Greek or Latin proper names are Anglicised, either by an alteration of the letters, or by cutting off the latter syllables, the accent of the original, as in appellatives under the sanie predicament, is transferred nearer to the beginning of the word. Thus Proserpina has the accent on the second syllable; but when altered to Proserpine, it transfers the accent to the first. The same may be observed of Homerus, Virgilius, Horatius, &c. when Anglicised to Homer, Virgil, Horace, &c. 29. As it is not very easy, therefore, so it is not necessary to decide where doctors disagree. When reasons lie deep in Greek and Latin etymology, the current pronunciation will be followed, let the learned do all they can to hinder it: thus, after Hyperion has been accented by our best poets, according to our own analogy, with the accent on the antepenultimate, as Shakspeare: "Hyperion's curls, the front of Jove himself."-Hamlet. -that was to this Hyperion to a satyr." Ibid. -next day after dawn, Doth rise and help Hyperion to his horse "-Henry Vth. So Cooke, in his translation of Hesiod's Thergony, follows the accentuation of Shakspeare: "Hyperion and Japhet, brothers, join; "The fruits of Thia and Hyperion riso, And with refulgent lustre light the skies" After this established pronunciation, I say, how hopeless, as well as useless, would it be to attempt the penultimate accentuation, which yet ought undoubtedly to be reserved in reading or speaking Greek or Latin compositions, but, in reading or speaking English, must be left to those who would rather appear learned than judicious. But Acrion, Arion, Amphion, Echion, Orion, Ixion, Pandion, Asion, Alphion, Erion, Ophion, Methion, Azion, Eion, Thlezion, and Sandion, preserve their penultimate accent invariably while Ethalion, a word of the same form and origin, is pronounced with the accent on the antepenultimate, like Deucalion, and Pygmalion: and this, if I mistake not, is the common pronunciation of a ship in the British navy, so called from the name of one of the Argonauts, who accompanied Jason in his expedition to Colchis to fetch the golden fleece. 30. The same difficulty of deciding between common usage and classical propriety appears in words ending in ia, as Alexandria, Antiochia, Seleucia, Samaria, Iphigenia, and several others, which were pronounced by our ancestors, as appears from their poetry, according to our own analogy, with the accent on the antepenultimate syllable; and there is no doubt but every word of this form would have fallen into the same accentuation, if classical criticism had not stepped in and prevented it. A philosophical grammarian would be apt to think we are not much obliged to scholars for this interruption of the vernacular current of pronunciation; but, as there is so plausible a plea as that of reducing words to their original languages, and as a knowledge of these languages will always be an honorable distinction among m strongly to be suspected that these words will not long con tinue in their plain, homespun English dress. This critical correction, however, seems to have come too late for some words, which, as Pope expresses it, have "slid into verse," and taken possession of our ears; and therefore, perhaps, the best way of disposing of them will be to consider them as the ancients did the quantity of certain doubtful syliahies, and to pronounce them either way. Some, however, seem always to have preserved the accent of their original lan guage, as Thalia and Sophia: but Iphigenia, Anthockin Seleucia, and Samaria, have generally yielded to the English antepenultimate accent; and Erythia, Deidamia, Laodama Hippodamia, Apamia, Ilithyia, and Orithyia, from the's seldom appearing in mere English composition, have пий often been drawn aside into plain English pronunciation. The same may be observed of words ending in nicus, or nice: if they are compounded of the Greek νικη, the penultimate syllable is always long, and must have the accent, as Strate nicus, Berenice, &c.; if this termination be what is called a gentile, signifying a man by his country, the penultimate in short, and the accent is on the antepenultimate; as Maceiosicus, Sardonicus, Britannicus, &c. See ANDRONICUS 31. Thus we see many of these proper names are of dubious accentuation; and the authorities which may be produced on both sides sufficiently show us the inutility of criticising be yond a certain point. It is in these as in many English worὸς: there are some which, if mispronounced, immediately show & want of education; and there are others which, though not pronounced in the most erudite manner, stamp no imputation of ignorance or illiteracy. To have a general knowledge, there fore, of the pronunciation of these words, seems absolutely necessary for those who would appear respectable in the more respectable part of society. Perhaps no people on earth are so correct in the accentuation of proper uames as the earned among the English. The Port-Royal Grammar informa that, "notwithstanding all the rules that can be given, we are often under the necessity of submitting to custom, and of accommodating our pronunciation to what is received among the learned according to the country we are in." "Se we pronounce," says the grammarian, "Aristobulus, Basi Lima, Ido'lium, with the accent on the antepenultimate, though the penultimate is long, because it is the custom: and, on the contrary, we pronounce Andre'as, idea, Maria, &c., with the accent on the penultimate, though it is short, because it is the custom of the most learned, The Italians," continues he, "place the accent on the penultimate of antonomasi a, harmoni'a, philosophi'a, theologia, and similar words, according to the Greek accent, because, as Ricciolius observes, a the custom of their country. Alvarez and Gretser think w ought always to pronounce them in this manner, though the custom, not only of Germany and Spain, but of all France, against it: but Nebrissensis authorizes this last pronunciation, and says, that it is better to place the accent of these rowes on the antepenultimate syllable; which shows," concluces the grammarian, "that when we once depart from the ancient rules, we have but little certainty in practice, which is s0 different in different countries." But however uncertain and desultory the accentuation of many words may be, it is a great satisfaction to a speaker to know that they are so. There is a wide difference between pronouncing words of this kind ignorantly and knowingly. A person who knows that scholars themscives differ in the pronunciation of these words can always pronounce with security: but one who is unacquainted with the state of the accent is not sure that he is right when he really is so, and always pronounces at his peril. It is hoped the candid peruser of this work will make allowances for an occasional error in dividing a syllable or placing an accent, when he reflects on the dificulty with which such a work must necessarily be attended. The author flat ters himself, however, that such attention has been paid both to the compilation and the proofs, that the fewest errors in aginable have escaped him. PRONUNCIATION or GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. INITIAL VOCABULARY. **When a word is succeeded by a word printed in Italics, the latter word is merely to spell the former as it ought to bo pronounced Thus Abansheas is the true pronunciation of the preceding word Abantias: and so of the rest. The figures annexed to the words refer to the Rules prefixed to the work. Thus the figure 3 after Achai refers to Rule the 3d, for the pronunciation of the finali; and the figure 1 AB A'BA and A'bæ* Ab/a-a Abia-ba Ab-a-ce/ne 8 Ab/a-ga Ab/a-lus 20 A-ba/nat 7 A-ban tes A-ban ti-as 10 A-ban she-as Ab-an-tin-des 1 A ban ti-das 4 A-ban/tis Ab-ar-ba/re-a 7 Aba-ri 3 A-bar i-mon 4 Aba-ris 7 A-ba'rus 1 Abas 1 Ab-da-lon i-mus 4 AC Ab-rod-i-æ/tus 4 A-bro/ni-us 4 Ab-sin/thi-i 4 Ab/so-rus Ab-syr'tos 6 Ab-y-de/ni 6 Ac-e-ra tus 27 4 after Abii refers to Rule the 4th, for the pronunciation of the unaccented i, not final: and so of the rest. ***When the letters Eng. are put after a word, it is to show that this word is the preceding word Anglicised. Thus Lucan, Eng., is the Latin word Lucanus, changed into the English Lucan. Ach-a-by/tos 12 Ach-men/i-des Ach-e-ron ti-a 10 A-che tus Ach ra-di na A-cili-a Aca-ligo-na 24 Acilla 7 • Every a ending a syllable, with the accent upon it, is pronounced like the a in the English words fa vor, ta per, &c. See Rule the Ist, prefixed to this Vocabulary. † Every unaccented a, whether initial, medial or final, ending a syllable, has an obscure sound, bordering on the a in father. See Rule the 7th, prefixed to this Vocabulary. Achabutos -Ch, in this and all the subsequent words, have A-cræph'ni-a 7 Ac-ri-dopha-gi 3 Ac-ro-pa/tos A-crot a-tus Ac-tæ on 4 A dans Ad a man-tela 7 Ad'a-maa Ad-a-mas'tus Ad-her/bas Ad-i-an'te 8 A-do/ni-a Ad-ra-myt/ti-um A-dri-a'num A dri an (Eng.) E-acti-das E-aci-des Ela-cus Ee E E-an-te'um E-anti-des E-an tis A Aa-tos Ech-mac/o-ras Echemis E-dep sum E-dic u-la A-di les 8 E-dip sua Ardon Edu-i, or Hod'u-4 Eel lo pronounced as if written Akabytos, Akea, Akates, &c. Boa Rule the 12th. Ea. This diphthong is merely ocular, for the a has no share in the sound, though it appears in the type. Indeed, as we pronounce the a, there is no middle sourd between that letter and e, and therefore we have adopted the last vowel, and relinquished the first. This, among other reasons, makes Æg/lo-ge Æs-chy-li'des Ag-e-nor/i-des A-læ/us Al-du'a-bis Ag-e-san'der E-se/pus E-ser/ni-a Æ-si'on 12 E'son E-son'i-des E-gobo-lus A-goc'e-ros Ægon Egos pot'a-mos Æg-o-sa/ga E-gos/the-na Æ'gus Ægy 6 Æg-y-pa'nes E-gyp/sus E-gypti-i 4 10 E-gyp'ti-um E-gyp/tus Æli-a E-li-a/nus 10 Eli-an (Eng.) A -us and Eli-a E-lu/rus E-mil'i-a E-mil-i-a/nus E-mili-us Em-nes/tus /mon Em/o-na E-myl/i-a E-myl'i-us Ag-e-ri'nus A-ge/si-as 10 Ag-es-i-la/us Ag-e-sip/o-lis Ag-e-sis/tra-ta Ag-gram/mes Ag-gri'næ Ag/i-da Ag-i-la'us Ag-lai-a Ag-lau/ros Ag/na Ag'no Ag-nod/1-ce we do in water, and the e as we hear it in where and there; the middle or mixt sound, then, would be like a in father, which was probably the sound they gave to this diphthong. * Ægis --This diphthong, though long in Greek and Latin, is in English pronunciation either long or short, according to the accent or position of it. Thus, if it immediately procedes the accent, as in Ægeus, or with the accent on it, before a single consonant, in a word of two syllables, it is long, as in Ægis; before two consonants it is short, as in Ægles; or before one only, if the accent be on the antepenultimate, as in Æropus. For the exceptions to this rule, sce Rule 22. † One of the generals of Valentinian the Third; which, Labbe tells us, ought properly to be written Actius; that is, without the diphthong. We may observe, that as this word comes from the Greek, but is Latinized, it is pronounced A'le-on A-le'se A-le'si a 10 A-le/si-um 10 A-le/tes A-le'thes A-le'thi-a A-let'i-das A-le'tri-um Al-ex-an-dri'a 30 A-las/tor Al'a-zon Al-a-man'ni, or Al-e- A-lec/try-on A-le'i-us Campus A-lec/tus Am-phic-le/a AM Al-ex-ar/chus A-lex'as A-lek she-a A-lck she-o Al-ex-ip pus Alex-ir/a-es Al-ex-ir/ho-e A-lexis A-lex'on Al-fa-ter/na Al gi-dum AM A-man/tes Am-an-ti'ni 3 A-mar/a-cus A-ma/si-a 10 A-ma'sis A-mas'tris An-ax-ar/chus 12 An-ax-are-te An/cho-ra An-drom/a-das A-nat'o-le A-nau/chi-das 12 An'dron A-pau rus 28 Anax 1 An-ax-ago-ras An-ax-an'der An-ax-an'dri-des Am-phic/ty-on 11 An-ax-e/nor A-naxi-as 10 An-ge/li-on 1-lin-doi-a Am-a-zo/ni-a Am-phily-tus A-nax-i-la us An'go-lus Am-phim/a-chus An-ax-il i-des An-gi'tes Al-ir-ro/thi-us Am-a-zo/ni-us An'grus Alli-a Am-bar/ri 3 Am-phin o-mo An-ax-imle-nes An-gu-it'i-a 11 A Am-phin'o-mus An-ax-ip'o-lis A'ni-a 7 Am-phi'on 23 Al-lob/ry-gen Am-bi-a-li'tes Am-phip'o-les An-ax-ir ho-e A-nic'i-a 10 Al-lot/ri-ges Am-bi-a/num Am-phip'o-lis Am-phip'y-ros Am-phi-re'tus Am-phir/o-e An-ca-lites A'ni-o, and A ni-en Am'phis Am-phis-bæ'na An-cha/ri-a 7 A'ni-us Am-phis/sa Am sae'tus A-myc/la An-ac-to ri-a Alexandria, in the Terminational Dictionary, and among Scripture names. So likewise by Perry, and by Fulton and Knight-ED.] Amphigenia. See IPHIGENIA, and rule 30, prefixed to this Vocabulary † This epithet, from the Greek avačus, emergens, signifying rising out of the water, is applied to the picture of Venus rising out of the sea, as originally painted by Apelles. I doubt not that some, who only hear this word, without seeing it written, suppose it to mean Anno Domint, the year of our Lord. Andronicus-This word is uniformly pronounced by our prosodists with the penultimate accent; and yet so averso is a English ear to placing the accent on the penultimate i, that An-chin'o-e An-chi'ses An-chis'i-a 11 An-chi-si'a-des An/cho-e An-chu/rus Ar-ci le An'con An-co'na Anicus Mar/ti-us An-cy'le An-cy/rm An'da An-dab/a-tm An des An dram y-tes Andrew (Eng.) An-nicle-ria 24 An'non An-tw/a An-teas An-tw/us An-tag'o-ras An-tal'ci-das An-tan der An-tan dros An-ter-brogi-un An-temine An-te'nor An-te-nor'i-des Ante ros An-the a An the-as An-the do An-the la An the mis An the-mon An-thes-pho/ri-a An-thira An thi-as timate syllable. That this was the pronunciation of thin word in Queen Elizabeth's time, appears plainly from the tragedy of Titus Andronicus, said to be written by Shakspeare; in which we every where find the antepenultimate pronunciation adopted. It may indeed be questioned, whether Shakspeare's learning extended to a knowledge of the quantity of this Græco-Latin word, but, as Mr. Stevens has justly observed, there is a greater number of classical allusions in this play than are scattered over all the rest of the performances on which the seal of Shakspeare is indubitably fixed; and therefore it may be presumed that the author could not ja ignorant of the Greek and Latin pronunciation of this word, but followed the received English pronunciation of his time. and which by all but professod scholars is still continued.. Bos BornRONICUS. A-rach'ne Ar-a-cho'si-a An-ti-apo-lis An-tin'o-us An-ti-o'chi-a, or An-tim'e-nes An-ti-noi-a 5 An-ti-o-chia* 29 Anti-och (Eng.) An-ti'o-chus An-ti'o-pe 8 An-tip/a-ter An-ti-pa/tri-a An-tip/a-tris An-tiph'a-nes An-tiph/a-tes An-tiph/i-lus An/ti-phon An-tip/o-lis An-tis/sa An-tis the-nes An-tis/ti-us An-tith'e-us Anti-um 10 An-tom/e-nos An-to/ni-a An-to/ni-i 34 Aph'i-das 4 A-phid'na A-phid'nus Aph-e-be/tus Aph-ro-dis/i-a Ap-i-ca/ta A-pic'i-us 24 A-pid/a-nus Ap'i-na A-pio-la A'pi-on 1 A-piti-us 24 A pol-lo-do/rus Ap-ol-lo/ni-a Ar-a-cyn/thus 4 Ar'a-dus Ar-chip/pe Ar-chi tis Ar/chon Ar-chon/tes Archy-lus 6 Ar'chy-tas Arc-to/us Arc-tu/rus Ar'da-lus Ar-da'ni-a Ar-dax-a/nus Ar-di-æi 4 Ar-do'ne-a Ar-du-en/na Ar-du-i'ne Ar-dy-en'ses Ar'dys A-re-ac/i-de AR Ar-ges'tra-tus Ar-ge'us Argi 9 3 Ar-gia Argi-as Ar-gi-le'turm Ar-gil'i-us Ar-gil lus Ar'gi-lus Ar-gi-nu se Ar-gi'o-pe Ar gives** (Eng Argo Ar-gyn/nis Ar-gy'ra Ar-gy-ras pi-des Ar-gyri-pa A-ri-ad-ne A-ri-e/us A-ri-a'ni, or A-ri-am/nes Ar-i-dm'us A-ri-e'nis Ar-i-gaum Ar-i-mas/pi 3 A-tim'i-ous Ar-im-phæ i A-ri-o-bar-zala A-ri-o-mande A-ri-o-mar-dua A-ri-o-me/des A-ri'on 28 A'ris A-ris'ba Ar-is-tene-tus Ar-is-tum An-to-ni'na An-to-ni/nus An-to-ni-op'o-lis An-to'ni us, M. A-re'tes An-tori-des Ar-e-thu'sa Ar-chegre-tes 24 Ar-e-ti/num Ar'e-tus An'xur Ap-o-theo-sis Ar-chem/a-chus An'y-ta Ap'pi-a Vi'a Ar-chem'o-rus Ar-is-tm/us An'y-tus Ap-pi/a-des An-za'be 8 Ap-pi-a/nus Ar-chep-tol'e-mus A-ob/ri-ga Ap'pi-i Forum Ar-ches/tra-tus Ar-gath'o-na Ar-ga-tho-ni-us Ar-is-tan der Ar-is-tan'dros A-ol'li-us Ap'pi-us Ar-che-ti/mus A'on Ap/pu-la Ar-che/ti-us 10 Ar'ge 9 Ar-ge'a Ar-is-tar'che A'o-nes A'pri-es Ar/chi-a Ar-ge-a/thæ A-o'ris A'pri-us Ar/chi-as Ar-gen/num Ar-is-tarchus Ar-is-ta-za/nea A-ris'te-as A-or'nos Ap-sin/thi-i 4 Ar-chi-bi/a-des 4 Ar'ges A-ris/te-re *Antiochia. For words of this termination, see IPHIGE- | yoke, place the accent on the antepenultimate syllable of this WMA, and No. 30 of the Rules prefixed to this Vocabulary. Apotheosis. When we are reading Latin or Greek, this word ought to have the accent on the penultimate syllable; but in pronouncing English, we should accent the antepenulti mate: word, but Lempriere and Labbe on the penultimate. I have followed Lempriere and Labbe, though, in my opinion, wrong; for, as every word of this termination has the antepenultimate accent, as Polydamas, Theodamas, &c., I know not why thes should be different. Though Labbe tells us, that the learned are of his opinion. Allots the prince of his celestial line Arbaces. Lempriere, Gouldman, Gesner, and Littleton, accent this word on the first syllable, but Ainsworth and Holyoke on the second; and this is so much more agreeable to an English ear, that I should prefer it, though I have, out of respect to authorities, inserted the other, that the reader may choose which he pleases. Labbe has not got this word, Arbela, the city of Assyria, where the decisive battle was fought between Alexander and Darius, and the city in Palestine of that name, have the accent on the penultimate; but Arbela, a town in Sicily, has the accent on the antepenultimate syllable. Areopagus. Labbe tells us, that the penultimate syllable of this word is beyond all controversy short- quidquid nonnula in tantâ luce etiamnum cæcutiant. Some of these blind mes are, Gouldman, Holyoke and Littleton; but Lempriere nad Ainsworth, the best authorities, agree with Labbe. ** Argives. I have observed a strong propensity in school hoys to pronounce the g in these words hard, as in the English word give. This is, undoubtedly, because their masters do so and they will tell us, that the Greek gamma should always be pronounced hard in the words from that language. What then, must we alter that long catalogue of words where thus letter occurs, as in Genesis, genius, Diogenes, Ægyptus, d |