ference, however, with very few exceptions, does not extend to proper names; which, coming to us through, and being mingled with, the Latin, fall into the general rule. In the same manner, though in Greek it was an established maxim, that if the last syllable was long, the accent could scarcely be higher than the penultimate; yet in our pronunciation of Greek, and particularly of proper namus, the Latin analogy of the accent is adopted: and though the last syllable is long in Demosthenes, Aristophanes, Theramenes, and Deiphobe, yet, as the penultimate is short, the accent is placed on the antepenultimate, exactly as if they were Latin. As these languages have been long dead, they admit of no new varieties of accent like the living languages. The common accentuation of Greek and Latin may be seen in Lexicons and Graduses; and where the ancients indulged a variety, and the moderns are divided in their opinions about the most classical accentuation of words, it would be highly improper, in a work intended for general use, to enter into the thorny disputes of the learned; and it may truly be said, in the rhyming adage, On the contrary, Scaliger says, that where we find a v before these letters, as avxupa, it is an error of the copyists, who imagined they better expressed the pronunciation by this letter, which, as Vossius observes, should seem to demand something particular and uncommon. It is reported of Scaliger, that when he was accosted by a Scotchman in Latin, he begged his pardon for not understanding him, as he had never learned the Scotch language. If this were the case with the pronunciation of a Scotchman, which is so near that of the contineat, what would he have said to the Latin pronunciation of an Englishman? I take it, however, that this diversity is greatly exaggerated. •This, however, was contrary to the general practice of When doctors disagree, Disciples then are free. This, however has not been entirely neglected, Whers there has been any considerable diversity of accentuation among our prosodists, I have consulted the best authorities, and have sometimes ventured to decide: though, as Labbe says, "Sed his de rebus, ut aliis multis, malo doctiorum judicium expectare, quam meam in medium proferre sententiam." But the most important object of the present work is settling the English quantity, (see Rules 20, 21, 22,) with which wo pronounce Greek and Latin proper names, and the sounds of some of the consonants. These are points in a state of great uncertainty, and are to be settled, not so much by a deep knowledge of the dead languages, as by a thorough acquaint ance with the analogies and general usage of our own tongue. These must, in the nature of things, enter largely into the pronunciation of a dead language; and it is from an attention to these that the author hopes he has given to the public a work not entirely unworthy of their acceptance. the Romans; for Victorinus in his Grammar says, Græca nomina, si úsdem literis proferuntur, (Latine versa) Græcos accentus habebunt: nam cum dicimus Thyas, Nais, acutum habebit posterior accentum; et cum Themistio, Calypso, Theano, ultimam circumflecti videbimus, quod utrumque Latinus sermo non patitur, nisi admodum raro. "If Greek nouns turned into Latin are pronounced with the same letters, they have the Greek accent: for when we say, Thyas, Nais, the latter syllable has the acute accent; and when we pronounce Themistio, Calypso, Theano, we see the last syllable is circumflexed; neither of which is ever seen in Latin words, of very rarely."-Servius Forster. Reply, page 31. Notes 32, bott. RULES FOR PRONOUNCING THE VOWELS OF GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 1 EVERY vowel with the accent on it at the end of a syllable is pronounced, as in English, with its first long open Sound: thus Ca'to,* Philomela, Orion, Pho'cion, Lucifer, &c., have the accented vowels sounded exactly as in the English words pa'per, me'tre, spi'der, no'ble, tu'tor, &c. 2. Every accented vowel not ending a syllable, but followed by a consonant, has the short sound as in English: thus Manlius, Pen'theus, Pin'darus, Colchis, Curtius, &c., have the short sound of the accented vowels, as in man'ner, plenty, printer, collar, curfew, &c. 3. Every final i, though unaccented, has the long open sound: thus the final i forming the genitive case, as in magis'tri, or the plural number, as in De'cü, has the long open sound, as in vial; and this sound we give to this vowel in this situation, because the Latin i final in genitives, plurals, and preterperfect tenses of verbs, is always long; and consequently, where the accented i is followed by i final, both are pronounced with the long diphthongal i, like the noun eye, as Achivi.t 4. Every unaccented i, ending a syllable not final, as that in the second of Alcibiades, the Hernici, &c., is pronounced like e, as if written Alcebiades, the Herneci, &c. So the last syllable but one of the Fabü, the Horatii, the Curiatii, &c., is pronounced as if written Fa-be-i, Ho-ra-she-i, Cu-re-a-she-i; and therefore, if the unaccented i and the diphthong & conclude a word, they are both pronounced like e, as Harpyia, Har-py'e-e. 5. The diphthongs and a, ending a syllable with the accent on it, are pronounced exactly like the long English e, as Casar, Eta, &c., as if written Cee'sar, E'ta, &c.; and like the short e, when followed by a consonant in the same syllable, as Dedalus, Edipus, &c., pronounced as if written Deddalus, Eddipus, &c. The vowels ei are generally pronounced like long i.-For the vowels eu in final syllables, see the word IDOMENEUS; and for the ou in the same syllables, see the word ANTINOUS, and similar words, in the Terminational Vocabulary. 6. Yis exactly under the same predicament as i. It is long when ending an accented syllable, as Cy'rus or when ending an unaccented syllable, if final, as Ægy, Æ py, &c.; short when joined to a consonant, in the same syllable, as Lycidas; and sometimes long and sometimes short, when ending an initial syllable not under the accout, as Ly-curgus, pronounced with the first syllable like lie, a falsehood; and Lysimachus, with the first syllable like the first of legion; or nearly as if divided into Lys-im'a-chus, &c. 7. A, ending an unaccented syllable, has the same obscure sound as in the same situation in English words; but it is a sound bordering on the Italian a, or the a in fa-ther, as Dia'na, where the difference between the accented and unaccented a is palpable. 8. E final, either with or without the preceding consonant, always forms a distinct syllable, as Penelope, Hippocrene, Evoe, Amphitrite, &c. When any Greek or Latin word is Anglicised into this termination, by cutting off a syllable of the original, it becomes then an English word, and is pro *The pronunciation of Cato, Plato, Cleopatra, &c. has been but lately adopted. Quin, and all the old dramatic school, used to pronounce the a in these and similar words like the a in father. Mr. Garrick, with great good sense, as well as good taste, brought in the present pronunciation, and the propriety of it has made it now universal. This is the true analogical pronunciation of this letter, when ending an accented syllable; but a most disgraceful affectation of foreign pronunciation has exchanged this full diphthongal sound for the meagre, squeezed sound of the French and Italian i, not only in almost every word derived from those languages, but in many which are purely Latin, as Faustina, Messalina, &c. Nay, words from the Saxon have been equally perverted, and we hear the i in Elfrida, Edwina, &c. turned into Elfreeda, Edweena, &c. It is true this is the sound the Romans gave to their i; but the speakers here alluded to are perfectly innocent of this, and do not pronounce it in this manner for its antiquity, but its novelty. Seo FLEGEIA, HYGEIA, &c. in the Terminational Vocabu nounced according to our own analogy: thus, Aridalius, altered to Acidale, has the final e sunk, and is a word of three syllables only: Proserpine, from Proserpina, undergoes the same alteration. Thebes and Athens, derived from the Greek On3n and Aonin, and the Latin Thebe and Athene, are per fectly Anglicised; the former into a monosyllable, and the latter into a dissyllable: and the Greek Ken and the Latin Creta have both sunk into the English monosyllable Crete Hecate, likewise, pronounced in three syllables when Leta and in the same number in the Greek word Exarn, in Eng lish is universally contracted into two, by sinking the final e. Shakspeare seems to have begun, as he has now confirmed this pronunciation, by so adapting the word is Macbeth: Rules for pronouncing the Consonants of Greek and Latin Proper Names. 9. C and g are hard before a, o, and x, as Cato, Comus, Cures, Gulba, Gorgon, &c.; and soft before e, i, and y, as Cebes, Scipio, Scylla, Cinna, Geryon, Geta, Gillus, Gyges, Gymnosophiste, &c. 10. T,s, and c, before ia, ie, i, io, iu, and ev, preceded by the accent, in Latin words, as in English, change into ea and zk, as Tatian, Statius, Portius, Portia, Socias, Caduceus, Accina, Helveti, Masia, Hesiod, &c., pronounced Tushean, Stasheus, Porsheus, Porshea, Sosheas, Cadusheus, Aksheus, Helresher Mezhea, Hezkeod, &c. But when the accent is on the first of the diphthongal vowels, the preceding consonant does not g into sh, but preserves its sound pure, as Miltiades, Antio tes, &c. 11. Tand s, in proper names, ending in tie, sie, cyon, and sion, preceded by the accent, change the t and s into så and zh. Thus Phocion, Sicyon, and Cercyon, are pronounced exactly in our own analogy, as if written Phoshean, Sishram, and Sershean: Artemisia and Aspasia sound as if written Artemizhea and Asparhea: Galatia, Aratia, Alotia, and Betia, as if written Galashea, Arashea, Aloshea, and Bashen: and if Atia, the town in Campania, is not so pronounced, it is to distinguish it from Asia, the eastern region of the world. [The author is inconsistent with himself as to the sound of a In the Terminational Dictionary (note on cia) he remarks that the ei should be pronounced like double e long. For this reason the accent has been placed, in the following pages, on the letter e in all cases of this kind. See ANTEIUS, &c. ED.] That this general rule should be violated by smatterers in the learned languages, in such words as gymnastic, heteroge neous, &c., is not to be wondered at; but that men of rea. learning, who do not want to show themselves off to the vulgar by such inuendoes of their erudition, should give into this ir regularity, is really surprising. We laugh at the pedantry of the age of James the First, where there is scarcely a page in any English book, that is not sprinkled with twenty Greek and Latin quotations; and yet do not see the similar pedantry of interlarding our pronunciation with Greek and Latin sounds; which may be affirmed to be a greater perversion of our language than the former. In the one case, the introduction of Greek and Latin quotations does not interfere with the English phraseology; but in the other the pronunciation is disturbed, and a motley jargon of sounds introduced, as incor RULES FOR PRONOUNCING GLEEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. Bat the termination tion (of which there are not even twenty examples in proper names throughout the whole Greek and Latin languages) seems to proserve the t from going into sh, as the last remnant of a learned pronunciation; and to avoid, as much as possible, assimilating with so vulgar an English termination: thus, though Esion, Jasion, Dionysion, change the s into 1, as if written Erion, Jation, Dinition, the : does not become th; but Philistion, Gration, Eurytion, Dotion, Androtion, Hippotion, Iphition, Ornytion, Metion, Polytion, Stration, Sotion, antion, Pallantion, tion, Hippocration, and Amphyction, preserve the t in its true sound; Hephastion, however, from the frequency of appearing with Alexander, has deserted the small class of his Greek companions, and joined the English multitude, by rhyming with question; and Tatian and Theodotion seem perfectly Anglicised. With very, very few exceptions, therefore, it may be concluded, that Greek and Latin proper names are pronounced alike, and that both of them follow the analogy of English pronunciation. 12. Ch. These letters before a vowel are always pronounced like k, as Chabrias, Cholchis, &c. ; but when they come before a mute consonant at the beginning of a word, as in Chthonia, they are mute, and the word is pronounced as if written Thonia. Words beginning with Sche, as Schedius, Scheria, &c., are pronounced as if written Skedius, Skeria, &c.; and c before in the Latin prænomen Caeus or Craus is mute; so in Cnopus, Cnosus, &c., and before t in Creatus, and g before n in Gaidus; pronounced Nopus, Nosus, Teatus, and Nidus. 13. At the beginning of Greek words we frequently find the uncombinable consonants mn, tm, &c., as Mnemosyne, Mnesidamus, Maeus, Mnesteus, Tmolus, &e. These are to be pronounced with the first consonant mute, as if written Nemosyne, Nesidamus Neus, Nesteus, Molus, &c., in the same manner as we pronounce the words bdellium, pneumatic, gnomon, mnemonics, &c., without the initial consonant. The same may be observed of the e hard, like k, when it comes before ; as Ctesiphon, Ctesippus, &c. Some of these words we see sometimes written with an e or i after the first consonant, as Menesteus, Timolus, &c., and then the initial consonant is pronounced. 14. PA, followed by a consonant, is mute, as Phthia, Phthietis, pronounced Thia, Thiots, in the same manner as the naturalized Greek word phthisic, pronounced tisic. 15. Psp is mute also in this combination, as in Psyche, Psammetichus, &c., pronounced Syke, Sammeticus, &c. 16. Pt p is mute in words beginning with these letters when followed by a vowel, as Ptolemy, Pterilas, &c., pronounced Tolemy, Terilas, &c.; but when followed by 1, the f is beard, as in lepolemus: for, though we have no words of our own with these initial consonants, we have many words that end with them, and they are certainly pronounced. The same may be observed of the z in Zmilaces. 17. The letters 8, z, and 1, require but little observation, being generally pronounced as in pure English words. It may, however, be remarked, that, at the end of words, preceded by any of the vowels but e, has its pure hissing sound; as mas, dis, os, mus, &c.; but when e precedes, it goes into the sound of ; as pea, Thersites, vates, &c. It may also be observed, that when it ends a word preceded by r or n, it has the sound of 2. Thus the letter s in mens, Mars, mors, &C.. bas the same sound as in the English words kens, stars, wars, &c. X, when beginning a word or syllable, is pronounced like ; na Xeries, Xenophon, &c., are pronounced Zerkies, Zenophon, &c. Z is uniformly pronounced as in English words: thus the : in Zeno and Zeugma is pronounced as we bear it in seal, sone, &c. Rules for ascertaining the English Quantity of Greek and Latin Proper Names. 18. It may at first be observed, that in words of two sylla bles, with but one consonant in the middle, whatever be the quantity of the vowel in the first syllable in Greek or Latin, we always make it long in English: thus Crates, the philosopher, and crates, a hurdle; decus, honor, and dedo, to give up; oro, to triumph, and orum, an egg; Numa, the legislator, and Namen, the divinity, have the first vowel always sounded equally long by an English speaker, although in Latin the first vowel in the first word of each of these pairs to short, 19. On the contrary, words of three syllables, with the accent on the first, and with but one consonant after the first syllable, bave that syllable pronounced short, let the Greek or Latin quantity be what it will; thus regulus and remora, mimieus and minium, are heard with the first vowel short in English pronunciation, though the first words of each pair have Their first syHables long in Latin: and the win fumugo and fugite is pronounced long in both words, though in Latin the last u is short. This rule is never broken but when the first syllable is followed by e or i, followed by another vowel: in this case the vowel in the first syllable is long, except that vowel be thus lamia, genius, Labua, docto, cupio, have the accent on the first syllable, and this syllable is pronounced ⚫7 he only word eccurring to me at present, where this 949 long in every word but Libya, though in the original it is equally short in all. 20. It must have frequently occurred to those who instruct youth, that though the quantity of the accented syllable of long proper names has been easily conveyed, yet that the quantity of the preceding unaccented syllables has occasioned some embarrassment. An appeal to the laws of our own language would soon have removed the perplexity, and enabled us to pronounce the initial unaccented syllables with as much decision as the others. Thus every accented antepenultimate vowel but u, even when followed by one consonant only, is, in our pronunciation of Latin, as well as in English, short: thus fabula, separo, diligo, nobilis, cucumis, have the first vowels pronounced as in the English words capital, celebrate, simony, solitude, luculeat, in direct opposition to the Latin quantity, which makes every antepenultimate vowel in all these words but the last long; and this we pronounce long, though short in Latin. But if a semi-consonant diphthong succeed, then every such vowel is long but i, in our pronunciation of both languages and Euganeus, Eugenia, filius, folium, dubia, have the vowel in the antepenultimate syllable pronounced exactly as in the English words satiate, menial, delirious, notorious, penurious; though they are all short in Latin but the i, which we pronounce short, though in the Latin it is long. 21. The same rule of quantity takes place in those syllables which have the secondary accent: for, as we pronounce lan entation, demonstration, diminution, domination, lucubration, with every vowel in the first syllable short but u, so we pronounce the same vowels in the same manner in lamentatio, demonstratio, diminutio, dorainatio, and lucubratio: but if a seraiconsonant diphthong succeed the secondary accent, as in Ariovistus, Heliodorus, Gabinianus, Herodianus, and Volusianus, every vowel preceding the diphthong is long but i; just as we should pronounce these vowels in the English words amiability, mediatorial, propitiation, excoriation, centuriator, &c. 22. But to reduce these rules into a smaller compass, that they may be more easily comprehended and remembered, it may be observed, that, as we always shorten every antepenultimate vowel with the primary accent but a, unless followed by a semi-consonant diphthong, though this antepenultimate vowel is often long in Greek and Latin, as schylus, Eschines, &c., and the antepenultimate 1, even though it be followed by such a diphthong, as Eleusinia, Ocrisia, &c.—80 we shorten the first syllable of Esculapius, nobarbus, &c., because the first syllable of both these words has the secondary accent: but we pronounce the same vowels long in Athiopia, Agialeus, Haliartus, &c., because this accent is followed by a semi-consonant diphthong. 23. This rule sometimes holds good where a mate and liquid intervene, and determines the first syllable of Adrian, Adriatic, &c.; to be long like ay, and not short like add and it is on this analogical division of the words, so little understood or attended to, that a perfect and a consistent pronunciation of them depends. It is this analogy that determines the first m to be long in stupidus, and the y short in clypea, though both are short in the Latin; and the o in the first syllable of Curio lanus, which is short in Latin, to be long in English. 24. The necessity of attending to the quantity of the vowel in the accented syllable has sometimes produced a division of words in the following Vocabulary that does not seem to con vey the actual pronunciation. Thus the words Sulpitius, Anicium, Artemisian, &e., being divided into Sul-pit ́v-us, Ã-me'i-um, Ar-te-mis ́i-um, &c., we fancy the syllable after the acerat deprived of a consonant closely united with it in sour, and which, from such a union, derives an aspirated sound equivalent to sk. But as the sound of t, e, or s, in this situation, is so generally understood, it was thought more eligible to divide the words in this manner, than into Sul-pa ti a, Amici-um, Ar-te-mi si um, as in the latter mode the i want, its shortening consonant, and might, by some speakers, be pronounced, as it generally is in Scotland, like ee. The same may be observed of c and g when they end a syllable, and are followed by e ort, as in Aceratus, Acidalía, Tig ellimus, Tegʻyra, &c., where the c and gending a sylable, we at first sight think them to have their hard sound, but, by observing the succeeding vowel, we soon perceive them to be soft, and only made to end a syllable in order to determine the shortness of the vowel which precedes. 25. The general rule, therefore, of quantity, indicated by the syllabication adopted in the Vocabulary, is, that when a conso» nant enda a syllable, the vowel is always short, whether the accent be on it or not; and that when a vowel ends a syllable with the accent on it, it is always long: that the vowel we when it ends a syllable, is long whether the accent be on it or not; and that the vowel i, (3,) (4,) when it ends a syllable without the accent, is pronounced like e; but if the syllable b final, it has its long open sound, as if the accent were on it, and the same may be observed of the letter y. Rules for placing the Accent of Greek and Latin Proper Names. 26. Words of two syllables, either Greek or Latin, whatpronounced like the word cannon, a piece of ord ever be the quantity in the original, have, in English pronunciation, the accent on the first syllable: and if a single conBonant come between two vowels, the consonant goes to the 'ast syllable, and the vowel in the first is long, as Čato, Ceres, Comus, &c. 27. Polysyllables, adopted whole from the Greek or Latin into English, have generally the accent of the Latin: that is, if the penultimate be long, the accent is on it, as Severus, Democedes, &c.; if short, the accent is on the antepenultimate, as Demosthenes, Aristophanes, Posthumus, &c. See Introduction. 28. When Greek or Latin proper names are Anglicised, either by an alteration of the letters, or by cutting off the latter syllables, the accent of the original, as in appellatives under the sanie predicament, is transferred nearer to the beginning of the word. Thus Proserpina has the accent on the second syllable; but when altered to Proserpine, it transfers the accent to the first. The same may be observed of Homerus, Virgilius, Horatius, &c. when Anglicised to Homer, Virgil, Horace, &c. 29. As it is not very easy, therefore, so it is not necessary to decide where doctors disagree. When reasons lie deep in Greek and Latin etymology, the current pronunciation will be followed, let the learned do all they can to hinder it: thus, after Hyperion has been accented by our best poets, according to our own analogy, with the accent on the antepenultimate, as Shakspeare: "Hyperion's curls, the front of Jove himself."—Hamlet. -that was to this Hyperion to a satyr." Ibid. -next day after dawn, Doth rise and help Hyperion to his horse "-Henry Vth. So Cooke, in his translation of Hesiod's Thergony, follows the accentuation of Shakspeare: "Hyperion and Japhet, brothers, join ; Thea and Rhea of this ancient line Descend; and Themis boasts the source divine," "The fruits of Thia and Hyperion riso, And with refulgent lustre light the skies" original languages, and as a knowledge of these languages will always be an honorable distinction among man, it strongly to be suspected that these words will not long com tinue in their plain, homespun English dress. This critical correction, however, seems to have come too late for socze words, which, as Pope expresses it, have "slid into verse, and taken possession of our ears; and therefore, perhaps, the best way of disposing of them will be to consider them sa the ancients did the quantity of certain doubtful syllables, and to pronounce them either way. Some, however, seen always to have preserved the accent of their original an guage, as Thalia and Sophia: but Iphigenia, Antorus Seleucia, and Samaria, have generally yielded to the English antepenultimate accent; and Erythia, Deidamia, Laodema Hippodamia, Apamia, Ilithyia, and Orithyia, from ther seldom appearing in mere English composition, have often been drawn aside into plain English pronunciation. The same may be observed of words ending in nicus, or mure: if they are compounded of the Greek vin, the penultimate syllable is always long, and must have the accent, as Strate nicus, Berenice, &c.; if this termination be what is called a gentile, signifying a man by his country, the penultimate is short, and the accent is on the antepenultimate; as Macedreicus, Sardonicus, Britannicus, &c. See ANDRONICUL 31. Thus we see many of these proper names are of dubious accentuation; and the authorities which may be prodoned on both sides sufficiently show us the inutility of criticising be yond a certain point. It is in these as in many English words: there are some which, if mispronounced, immediately show want of education; and there are others which, though not pronounced in the most erudite manner, stamp no imputation of ignorance or illiteracy. To have a general knowledge, therefore, of the pronunciation of these words, seems absoitely necessary for those who would appear respectable in the more respectable part of society. Perhaps no people on earth are so correct in the accentuation of proper uames as the banned among the English. The Port-Royal Grammar informa 28, that, notwithstanding all the rules that can be given, we are often under the necessity of submitting to custom, and of accommodating our pronunciation to what is received among the learned according to the country we are in." So we pronounce, says the grammarian, "Aristo balus, Ban time, Ido lium, with the accent on the antepenultimate, though the penultimate is long, because it is the custom: and, on the contrary, we pronounce Andreas, idea, Mari a, &c., with the accent on the penultimate, though it is short, because it is the custom of the most learned, The Italians," continu he, "place the accent on the penultimate of antonoman o, harmonia, philosophi'a, theolegia, and similar words, accord ing to the Greek accent, because, as Ricciolius observes, it a the custom of their country. Alvarez and Gretser think we After this established pronunciation, I say, how hopeless, as well as useless, would it be to attempt the peaultimate accentuation, which yet ought undoubtedly to be reserved in reading or speaking Greek or Latin compositions, but, in reading or speaking English, must be left to those who would rather appear learned than judicious. But Acrion, Arion, Amphion, Echion, Orion, Ixion, Pandion, Asion, Alphion, Erion, Ophion, Methion, Arion, Eion, Thlexion, and Sandion, preserve their penultimate accent invariably: while Ethalion, a word of the same form and origin, is pronounced with the accent on the antepenultimate, like Deucalion, and Pygma-ought always to pronounce them in this manner, though the lion: and this, if I mistake not, is the common pronunciation of a ship in the British navy, so called from the name of one of the Argonauts, who accompanied Jason in his expedition to Colchis to fetch the golden fleece. 30. The same difficulty of deciding between common usage and classical propriety appears in words e iding in ia, as Alexandria, Antiochia, Seleucia, Samaria, Iphigenia, and several others, which were pronounced by our ancestors, as appears from their poetry, according to our own analogy, with the accent on the antepenultimate syllable; and there is no doubt but every word of this form would have fallen into the same accentuation, if classical criticism had not stepped in and prevented it. A philosophical grammarian would be apt to think we are not much obliged to scholars for this interruption of the vernacular current of pronunciation; but, as there is so plausible a plea as that of reducing words to their! custom, not only of Germany and Spain, but of all France, m against it: but Nebrissensis authorizes this last pronunciation, and says, that it is better to place the accent of these rowes on the antepenultimate syllable; which shows," concludes the grammarian, "that when we once depart from the ancient rules, we have but little certainty in practice, which is so different in different countries." But however uncertain and desultory the accentuation of many words may be, it is a great satisfaction to a speaker to know that they are so. There is a wide difference between pronouncing words of this kind ignorantly and knowingly. A person who knows that scholars themselves differ in the pronunciation of these words can always pronounce with security but one who is unacquainted with the state of the accent is not sure that he is right when he really is so, and always pronounces at his peril. It is hoped the candid peruser of this work will make allowances for an occasional error in dividing a syllable or placing an accent, when he reflects on the dificulty with which such a work must necessarüy be attended. The author flat ters himself, however, that such attention has been paid bath to the compilation and the proofs, that the fewest errors in aginable have escaped him. PRONUNCIATION OF GREEK AND INITIAL VOCABULARY. When a word is succeeded by a word printed in Italics, the latter word is merely to spell the former as it ought to be pronounced Thus Abansheus is the true pronunciation of the preceding word Abantias: and so of the rest. The figures annexed to the words refer to the Rules prefixed to the work. Thus the figure 3 after Achơi refers to Rule the 3d, for the pronunciation of the final i; and the figure AB A'BA and A'bæ* Ab'a-a Abia-ba Ab-a-ce'ne 8 Ab a-ga Ab-ar-ba're-a 7 Aba-ri 3 A-bar i-mon Ab a-ris 7 A-ba'rus I A bas 1 A-ba's 17 Ab-da-lon i-mus 4 A be a ta 7 15 Ab-el li'nus A bi a 1 4 7 A-ben da 7 Ab ga-rus A-bæc ri-tus 5 A brentius 10 A-broc o-mas AC Ab-rod-i-a'tus 4 AC 4 after Abii refers to Rule the 4th, for the pronunciation of the unaccented i, not final: and so of the rest. **When the letters Eng. are put after a word, it is to show that this word is the preceding word Anglicised. Thus Lu can, Eng., is the Latin word Lucanus, changed into the English Lucan. Ac-er-seco-mes Ach-a-by'tos 12 Every a ending a syllable, with the accent upon it, is pronounced like the a in the Enelish words fa ror, ta per, &c. See Rule the 1st, prefixed to this Vocabulary. ↑ Every unaccented a, whether initial, medial or final, ending a syllable, has an obscure sound, bordering on the a in father. See Rule the 7th, prefixed to this Vocabulary. Achabutos -Ch, in this and all the subsequent words, have A'cia Ac'mon AD Ac-mon'i-des 4 A-co/n 4 Ac-ri-doph a-gi 3 A-crot a-tus Actor A-cu phis A-da us | Ad-a-man-tæ'a 7 Ad ́a-mas Ad-a-mas tus Æ A-das'pi-i 4 Ad'a-tha Ad-de-pha'gi-a Ad du-a 7 A-del phi-us A-de mon A'des, or Ha 'des Ad-gan-des tri-us Ad-ber bal Ad-ber/bas Ad-i-an te 8 A-di-at'o-rix Ad-i-man tus Ad-me ta 7 Ad-i-me'te Ad-me tus A-do'ni-a A-do nis Ad-ra-myt/ti-um A dra na 7 1 A-dra num A-dras ta A-dras ti-a A-dras Lus A'dri-a 23 Æ-an-te'um -anti-des Ean tis Æ &-to E-des sa -dic u la E-diles 8 Æ-dip sua Æ don Æ du-i, or Hed'a-i Æ-el lo pronounced as if written Akadytos, Akoa, Akates, &c. See Rule the 12th. a.-This diphthong is merely ocular, for the a has no share in the sound, though it appears in the type. Indeed, as we pronounce the a, there is no middle sourd between that letter and e, and therefore we have adopted the last vowel, and relinquished the first. This, among other reasons, makes |