the last letter of the English Alphabet, is a sibilant ar

Z, ticulation, is same

relation to as v does to f. With us it has not a compound sound, nor is it a double consonant, as in the Italian and German. It is as simple in its sound as S. As a numeral, Z stands for 2000, and, with a dash over it, Z, for 2,000,000.

ZABA-ISM. See SABIANISM.

ZACCHIO, n. The lowest part of the pedestal of a column
ZAP FER, n. The residuum of cobalt, after the sulphur,
arsenic, and other volatile matters have been expelled.
ZA NY, n. [It. zanni.] A merry-andrew; a buffoon.
ZANY, v. i. To mimic. Beaumont.

ZAPOTE, ». In Mexico, the generic name of fruits which
are roundish and contain a hard stone.
ZAR NICH, n. The name of a genus of fossils.
ZEA, n. The generic name of maize.

ZEAL, n. [Gr. nλos; L. zelus.] Passionate ardor in the pursuit of any thing.

12EAL, . . To entertain zeal. Bacon. ZEALED, 4. Filled with zeal. Fuller. ZEAL LESS, a. Wanting zeal. Hammond.

ZEALOT, (zel ut) n. One who engages warmly in any cause, and pursues his object with earnestness and ardor; one whose ardor is intemperate and censurable. ZEA-LOTI-CAL, a. Ardently zealous. [L. u.] Strype. ZEALOT-RY, . Behavior of a zealot." Bp. Taylor. ZEALOUS, (zel'us) a. Warmly engaged or ardent in the pursuit of an object. Law.

•ŻEALOUS-LY, (zel'us-ly) adv. With passionate ardor; with eagerness. Gul. iv

ZEALOUS-NESS, (zelus-nes) n. The quality of being zealous; zeal.

ZEBRA, .

An animal of the genus equus, beautifully marked with stripes; a native of Africa.

ZR BU, я. A variety of the common ox, with a hump on the shoulders.

•ZE CHIN, n. A Venetian gold coin; usually written sequin, which see.

ZED, a. A name of the letter Z. Shak.

ZEDO-A-RY, n. A medicinal root, belonging to a plant growing in the East Indies. It is a warm stomachic. ZEINE, ». A substance of a yellowish color, soft, insipid and elastic, procured from Indian corn. ZE-MIN DAR, n. In India, a feudatory or land-holder, who governs a district of country.

ZEMINDARY, a. The jurisdiction of a zemindar. ZEND, n. A language that formerly prevailed in Persia. ZEND A-VES-TÀ, R. Among the Persees, a sacred book ascribed to Zoroaster, and reverenced as a bible, or sole rule of faith and practice. It is often called Zend, by

contraction.

ZENITH, n. [Fr.; It. tenit; Sp. zenit, or cenit.] That point in the visible celestial hemisphere, which is vertical to the spectator, and from which a direct perpendicular line, passing through the spectator, and extended, would proceed to the centre of the earth. It is opposed to nadır. ZEO LITE, n. [Gr. Zew, to boil.] A mineral. ZE O-LITIC, a. Pertaining te zeolite. ZE-O-LITI-FORM, a. Having the form of zeolite. ZEPHYR, n. [L. zephyrus; Gr. poos.] The west wind; and, poetically, any soft, mild, gentle breeze. ZER DA, . An animal of the canine genus. ZERO, n. [It.] Cipher; nothing. The point of a thermometer from which it is graduated

ZEST, n. (Pers.) 1. A piece of orange or lemon peel, used to give flavor to liquor; or the fine thin oil that spurts out of it when squeezed; also, the woody, thick skin quartering the kernel of a walnut. 2. Relish; something that gives a pleasant taste; or the taste itself.

ZEST, v. t. 1. To give a relish or flavor to; to heighten taste or relish. 2. To cut the peel of an orange or lemon from top to bottom into thin slips; or to squeeze the peel over the surface of any thing.

ZĒTA, ». 1. A Greek letter. 2. A little closet or cham ber, with pipes running along the walls, to convey into it fresh air, or warm vapor from below.

ZE-TETIC, a. [Gr. 27w.] That seeks; that proceeds by inquiry. The ietetic method, in mathematics, is that used in investigation.

ZEOG/MA, n. [Gr. Zevypa.] A figure in grammar, by which an adjective or verb which agrees with a nearer word, is, by way of supplement, referred to another more

remote.

ZIBET, n. An animal of the genus viverra. Cyc.
ZIG ZAG, a. Having short turns.

ZIG ZAG, n. Something that has short turns or angles.
ZIG ZAG, v. t. To forin with short turns.
ZIMENT WATER, or COPPER WATER, is a name
given to water found in copper mines; water impregna-
ted with copper.

ZIM OME, n. [Gr. vn.] One of the constituents of gluZYM OME, ten. Ure.

ZINE, n. [G., Sw., Dan. zink. The latter orthography, ΖΙΝΚ, zink, is the more correct.] A metal of a brilliant white color, with a shade of blue.

ZIN-KIFER-OUS, a. [ink, and L. fero.] Producing

zink.

ZINK Y, a. Pertaining to zink, or having its appearance. ZIR COŃ, n. Called also jargon of Ceylon, a mineral originally found in Ceylon, in the sands of rivers. ZIR-CONI-A, a. A peculiar earth obtained from the gem zircon; a fine, white powder Cyc.

ZIR CO-NITE, n. A variety of the zircon. ZIR-CONI-UM, n. The metallic basis of zirconia. ZIVO-LO, n. A bird resembling the yellow-hammer ZIZ EL, n. The suslik or earless marmot. Curier. ZOE CO, ZO'CLE, or ZO€€O-LO, n. [It. zoccolo: from L. soccus.] A square body under the base of a pedestal &c., serving for the support of a bust, statue or coluinn. ZO'DI-A€, m. (Fr. zodiaque; It., Sp. zodiaco; L. zodiacus.) 1. A broad circle in the heavens, containing the twelve signs through which the sun passes in its annual course 2. A girdle.

ZO-DI'Ă-€AL, a. Pertaining to the zodiac.-Zodiacal light a luminous track or space in the heavens, resembling th ZOISITE, n. [from Van Zois] A mineral. of the milky-way. ZONE, n. [L. zona: Gr. Zwvn.] 1. A girdle. Dryden.—I In geography, a division of the earth, with respect to the temperature of different latitudes. 3. Circuit; circumfer

ence.

ZONED, a. Wearing a zone. Pope,

ZONELESS, 4. Not having a zone. Corper.
ZON'NAR, ». A belt or girdle, which the Christians and
Jews in the Levant are obliged to wear, to disunguish
them from the Mohammedans.

ZO-OG/RA-PHER, n. One who describes animals, their forms and habits.

ZO-O GRAPH I-CAL, a. Pertaining to the description of animals.

ZO-OGʻRA-PHY, n. [Gr. Zwov and ypapw.] A description of animals, their forms and habits."

ZŌ'O-LITE, n. [Gr. Zov and A805.] An animal substance, petrified or fossil. Morin.

ZÓ-O-LOG'L-CAL, 4. Pertaining to zoology.

ZOO-LOGI-CAL-LY, ade. According to the principles of

zoology. Lawrence,

ZO OLO ĜIST, ». One who is well versed in the natural history of animals, or who describes animals. ZOOLOGY, #. [Gr. Zwey and Aayos.] A treatise on animals, or the science of animals, that branch of natural history which respects the forms, classification, history and habits of animis.

ZO ONIC, a. [Gr. Zwov.] Pertaining to animals.

ZO ONO-MY, ■s. (Gr. wov and wopos.) The laws of animal life, or the science which trests of the phenomena of animal life, their uses and relations,

ZOO PHITE. See ZooPHYTE. ZOOPHP'O-RI€, 4, (Gr. Zwey and poocs.) The roophorie column is one which supports the figure of an animal. ZO OPH O-RUS, n. In ancient architecture, the same with the frieze in modern architecture; a part between the ar

chitrave and cornice; so called from the figures of animals carved upon it. 201O-PHYTE, n. [Gr. Zwov and urov.] In natural history, a body supposed to partake of the nature both of an animal and a vegetable, such as madrepores. ZO-O-PHY-TO-LOG'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to zoophytology. ZO-O-PHY-TOL'O-GY, n. [zoophyte, and Gr. Xoyos.] The natural history of zoophytes. Ed. Encyc.

ZO-OT'O-MIST, n. One who dissects the bodies of brute animals; a comparative anatomist.

ZO-OT'O-MY, n. [Gr. Zwov and repro.] Anatomy; particularly, the dissecting of bodies of beasts or brute animals; comparative anatomy.

ZORIL, n. A fetid animal of the weasel kind,

ZUFFO LO, n. [It. zufolò.] A little flute or flageolet, especially that which is used to teach birds.

ZOMATE, n. A combination of the zumic acid and a salifiable base. Ure.

ZO'MIE, a. [Gr. Zvpn, ferment.] The zumic acid is procar ed from many acescent vegetable substances. Ure. ZU-MO-LOGI-CAL, a. Pertaining to zumology. ZU-MOL'O-GIST, n. One who is skilled in the fermentation of liquors.

ZU-MOL/O-GY, n. [Gr. Zupn and Moyes.] A treatise on the fermentation of liquors, or the doctrine of fermentation. ZU-MO-SIM'E-TER, n. [Gr. (upwors and perpe.] An instrument proposed by Swammerdam for ascertaining the degree of fermentation occasioned by the mixture of dif ferent liquids, and the degree of heat which they acquire in fermentation.

ZUR LITE, n. A Vesuvian mineral.

ZYG-O-DACTY-LOUS, a. [Gr. Zeyow and čakruhos.] Having the toes disposed in pairs.

ZYG-O-MATI€, a. [Gr. ¿cvypa.] Pertaining to a bone of the head, called also es jugale, or cheek-bone, or to the bony arch under which the temporal muscle passes.

A-BAN-DON-EE', n. One to whom any thing is abandoned,

in law. [tiful. See ESTHETIC. ÆS-THETIC, a. Pertaining to the perception of the beauES-THETICS, n. [Gr. alo@nois.] The science which treats of the beautiful. See ESTHETICS. [praise or dispraise. AG-NO MEN, n. A name given to a person by way of AR-TILL ER-Y-MAN, n. One who serves the artillery in

war.

AS TRALL-AMP, n. A lamp surrounded with a semi-transparent shade. [mythology. AV-A-TAR', n. The incarnation of the Deity, in the Hindoo

BAR ET, n. A cardinal's cap.

BAR O-NET-CY, n. The "ondition or rank of a baronet.
[guard.
BATTLE-MENT-ED, a. Having battlements.
BLACK GUARD-ISM, n. The state or conduct of a black-
BLACK STRAP, n. A coarse liquor drank by the vulgar.
BLUFFY, a. Abounding in bluffs or bold points of coast.
BOOT-JACK, n. A machine for drawing off boots. [men.
BOX-COAT, n. An overcoat or surtout used first by coach-
BUGGY, n. A small carriage without a top.

BUNG A-LOW, n. A kind of boat used in Hindostan.

CAL'LIS-THEN-IC, a. Pertaining to callisthenics.
CAL LIS-THEN-IES, n. [Gr. xaλλos and olɛvos.] Exer-
cises designed to promote grace of movement and strength
CA-POTE', n. An outer garment worn in the East. [of body.
EXRT-WHIP, n. A large whip used in driving animals in

carts.

CHIVAL-RIE, a. Partaking of the character of chivalry. COM-MITTAL, n. The act of committing or state of being committed to custody. Lord Eldon. ..

acting.

CON'STI-TU-TED AU-THOR'I-TIES, n. The magistrates
or governors of a people. H. More.
CON-TRIB/U-TA-BLE, a. That can be contributed.
CON-TRO-VER SIAL-LY, adv. In a controversial manner.
CON-VER-SA'TION-AL, a. Belonging to conversation.
COUN-TER-ACTIVE, á. Having the quality of counter-
[or rocks.
CRAGS MAN, n. One who is accustomed to traverse crags
CROU PI-ER, n. One who sits at the foot of a table.
CYN'I-CISM,'n. Austerity; churlish severity of temper.
DONKEY, n. An ass used for the saddle.
DOOR-WAY, n. The passage of a door.
DRILLING, n. A coarse linen or cotton cloth used for
DYE, n. Color; tinge.

[trowsers.

[images.

IM-PELLENT, a. Having the quality of Impelling.
IN-DICT-EE', (in-dite-e) n. A person who is indicted.
IN-EX-PLICIT, a. Not explicit or clear in statement.
IR ON-BOUND, a. 1. Bound with iron. 2. Rugged; rocky;
as, an iron-bound coast.

IRON-FOUND-ER, n. One who makes iron castings.

IR ON-FOUND-ER-Y, R. The place where iron castings are made.

IS-O-LATION, n. The state of being insulated or alone.

LAM'MAR-GEER, n. The Alpine vulture.

LAND AM-MAR, n. The chief magistrate of some of the
LAND'ŌWN-ER, n. One who owns land. [Swiss cantons.
MAN'U-AL EX'ER-CISE, n. The exercise of soldiers with
MARKET-A-BLE, 4. Fit for market or sale. [their arms
MILL-WRIGHT, n. One who constructs mills.
MOON SHEE, R. An interpreter in Hindostan.
MO-RAL/I-TÝ, n. A kind of old play.
MULE, n. An instrument for spinning.

MULE SPIN-NER, n. One who spins on a mule.
MYS/TER-Y, n. A kind of old play.

PAʼLIMP-SEST, n. A kind of manuscript which has been written over a second time.

PAN DOOR, n. A kind of soldier.

PAN-O-RAM IC, a. Belonging to or like a panorama.
PAR O-DIST, n. Une who makes parodies.
PEAK ED, a. Pointed; angular.

PLATEAU, (pla to) n. A broad, flat space
POODLE, n. A kind of small dog.

POST-BILL, n. A bill or return made up at the post-office

RAD'I-CAL, n. One who would carry changes in government to their extremest limit.

RADI-CAL-ISM, . The spirit of a radical. RAIL-ROAD, n. A road constructed with two iron bars or rails for the wheels of carriages, in order to diminish fric tion.

RAIL-WAY, n. A way consisting of two iron bars for the wheels of carriages, to diminish friction. RE-DEMPTIVE, a. Pertaining to redemption. RE-FIN/ING, n. The act of using too much refinement or RE-FITMENT, n. Fitting out a second time. (subtlety. RE-FORMA-TÓ-RY, a. Having a tendency to produce reformation.

SENS/U-AL-ISM, n. A state of subjection to sensual feeling and appetite. [of book-binding. SKI VERS, n. Sheepskins split or divided for the purpose SHINGLY, a. Abounding with gravel or shingle. SILT, v. i. To choke with mud. SŪTURED, a. Knit or united together

TIL/BU-RY, n. A kind of gig or two-wheeled carriage without a top.

TOW-BOAT, n. A boat which is drawn er towed. TRAPPER, n. One whose occupation it is to entrap wild animals. United States.

VAN, n. A large covered carriage for the transportation of goods England. [celle nce of voice VÕ1CAL-IST, n. A public singer, distinguished for ex

WAY-BILL, n. A list of the passengers in a stage-couch
WEIRD, n. Å spell.
[United States
WELL-AP-POINT ED, a. Thoroughly equipped or pr

THE Critical Pronouncing Dictionary of the English Language naturally suggested an idea of the present work. Proper names from the Greek and Latin form so considerable a part of every cultivated living language, that a Dictionary seems to be imperfect without them. Polite scholars, indeed, are seldom at a loss for the pronunciation of words they so fregently meet with in the learned languages; but there are great numbers of respectable English scholars, who, having only a tincture of classical learning, are inuch at a loss for a knowledge of this part of it. It is not only the learned profes sions that require this knowledge, but almost every one above the merely mochanical. The professors of painting, statuary, and music, and those who admire their works; readers of history, politics, poetry; all who converse on subjects ever so little above the vulgar, have so frequent occasion to pronounce these proper names, that whatever tends to render this pronunciation casy must necessarily be acceptable to the public.

The proper names in Scripture have still a higher claim to our attention. That every thing contained in that precious

repository of divine truth should be rendered as easy as possible to the reader, cannot be doubted: and the very frequent occasions of pronouncing Scripture proper names, in a country where reading the Scripture makes part of the religious worship, seem to demand some work on this subject more perfect than any we have hitherto seen.

I could have wished it had been undertaken by a person of more learning and leisure than myself; but we often wait in vain for works of this kind, from those learned bodies which ought to produce them, and at last are obiged, for the best we can get, to the labours of some necessitous individual. Being long engaged in the instruction of youth, I felt the want of a work of this kind, and have supplied it in the best manner I am able. If I have been happy enough to be useful, or only so far useful as to induce some abler hand to undertake the subject, I shall think my labor amply rewarded. I shall still console myself with reflecting, that he who has produced a prior work, however inferior to those that succeed it, in under a very different predicament from him who produces an after-work, inferior to those that have gone before.

THE favorabs reception of the first edition of this work has induced me to attempt to make it still more worthy of the acceptance of the public. by the addition of soveral critical observations, and particularly by two Terminationa! Vocab ularios, of Greek and Latin, and Scripture Proper Names. That so much labor should be bestowed upon an inverted arrangement of these words, when they had already been given in their common alphabetical order, may be matter of wonder to many persons, who will naturally inquire into the utility of such an arrangement. To these it may be answered, that the words of all languages seem more related to each other by their terminations than by their beginnings; that the

| Greek and Latia langonger seem more particularly to be thus related; and classing them according to their endings seemned to exhibit a new view of these languages, both curious and useful. for, as their accent and quantity depend so much on their termination, such an arrangement appeared to give an easier and more comprehensive idea of their pronunciation than the common classification by their initial syllables, This end was so desirable as to induce me to spare no pains, however dry and disgusting, to promote it ; and, if the methad I have taken has failed, my labor will not be entirely lost, if it convince futave prosodists that it is not unworthy of their attention.