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WORK SHOP, n. [work and shop.] A shop where any manufacture is carried on.

WORK WOM-AN, n. A woman who performs any work; or one skilled in needle-work. Spenser. WORK'Y-DAY, n. [corrupted from working-day.] A day not the Sabbath. Shak.

WORLD, n. [Sax. weorold, woruld; D. waereld; Sw. verld.] 1. The universe; the whole system of created globes or vast bodies of matter. 2. The earth; the terraqueous globe, 3. The heavens. 4. System of beings; or the orbs which occupy space, and all the beings which inhabit them. Heb. xi. 5. Present state of existence. 6. A secular life. 7. Public life, or society. 8. Business or trouble of life. 9. A great multitude or quantity. 10. Mankind; people in general; in an indefinite sense, 11. Course of life. 12. Universal empire. 13. The customs and manners of men; the practice of life. 14. All the world contains. 15. The principal nations or countries of the earth. 16. The Roman empire. Scripture. 17. A large tract of country; a wide compass of things. 18. The inhabitants of the earth; the whole human race. John iii. 19. The carnal state or corruption of the earth. Gal. i. 20. The ungodly part of the world, 21. Time; as in the phrase, toorld without end. 22, A collection of wonders; obs.]-In the world, in possibility. For all the world. 1. Exactly; [little used.] Sidney. 2. For any consideration.

WORLD LI-NESS, n. A predominant passion for obtaining the good things of this life; covetousness; addictedness to gain and temporal enjoyments.

WORLD'LING, n. A person whose soul is set upon gaining temporal possessions; one devoted to this world and its enjoyments,

2.

WORLD'LY, a. 1. Secular; temporal; pertaining to this world or life, in contradistinction to the life to come. Devoted to this life and its enjoyments; bent on gain. 3. Human; common; belonging to the world. WORLD LY, adv. With relation to this life. WORLDLY-MIND-ED, a, Devoted to the acquisition of property and to temporal enjoyments. WORLDLY-MIND'ED-NESS, n. A predominating love and pursuit of this world's goods, to the exclusion of piety and attention to spiritual concerns

WORM, n, [Sax. wyrm; G. wurm; D. worm; Dan. orm.] 1 In common usage, any small, creeping animal, or reptile, either entirely without feet, or with very short ones, iurluding a great variety of animals of different classes and orders.-2. In zoology, the term vermes, or worms, has been applied to different divisions of invertebral animals, by different naturalists. 3. Remorse; that which incessantly gnaws the conscience; that which torments. Mark ix. 4, A being debased and despised. Ps. xxii. 5. A spiral instrument or irou screw, used for drawing wads and cartridges from cannon or small arms. 6. Something spiral, vermiculated, or resembling a worm; as, the threads of a screw. Mozon.-7. In chemistry and distilleries, a spiral, leaden pipe placed in a tub of water, through which the vapor passes in distillation, and in which it is cooled and condensed. 8. A small worm-like ligament, situated beneath a dog's tongue. Cyc. VORM, v. i, To work slowly, gradually and secretly. WORM, v. t. 1. To expel or undermine by slow and secret means. 2. To cut something, called a worm, from under the tongue of a dog. 3. To draw the wad or cartridge from a gun; to clean by the worm. 4. To wind a rope spirally round a cable, between the strands; or to wind a smaller rope with spun-yarn. Mar. Dict.-To worst one's self into, to enter gradually by arts and insinuations WORM-EAT-EN, a. [20orn and eat.] 1. Gnawed by worms, 2. Old ; worthless. Raleigh. #WORML-EAT-EN-NESS, n. State of being warm-eaten ;

rottenness.

WORMED, pp. Cleared by a worm or sew

WORM-GRASS, n. A plant of the genus spgaka. WORMING, ppr. Entering by insinuation; drawing, as a cartridge; clearing, as a gun.

WORM LIKE, a. Resembling a worm; spiral; vermicular. WORM-POW-DER, n. A powder used for expelling worms from the stomach and intestines.

WORM-SEED, n. 1. A seed which has the property of expelling worms. 2. A plant. Lee.

WORM -TINET'URE, n. A tincture prepared from earthworms dried, pulverized and mixed with oil of tartar, spirit of wine, saffron and castor.

WORM WOOD, n. [Sax wermod; G. wermuth.] A plant, the artemisia. It has a bitter, nauseous taste. WORM WOOD-FLY, " A small black fly. Cyc. WORMY, a. 1. Containing a worm ; abounding with worms. 2. Earthy; groveling.

WORN, pp. of wear; as, a garment long worn.-Worn out, consumed or rendered useless by wearing.

WOR NIL, n. A maggot that infests the backs of cows.
WOR/RAL, n. An animal of the lizard kind.

WORRIED, pp. [from worry.] Harassed; fatigued.

WORRI-ER, n. One that worries or harasses. WORRY, v. t. [Sas. werig, werigan, werian.] 1. To lease, to trouble; to harass with importunity, or with care and anxiety. 2. To fatigue, to harass with labor; e popular sense of the cord. 3. To harass by pursuit and barking. 4. To tear; to mangle with the teeth. 5. To vex; to persecute brutally. WORRY-ING, ppr. Teasing; troubling; harassing; fatiguing; tearing.

WORSE, a. [Sax. warse, wyrse; Dan. verre; Sw. värre. This adjective has the siguification of the comparative degree, and as bad has no comparative and superlative. worse and worst are used in lieu of them, although radi cally they have no relation to bad.] 1. More eve; more bad or ill; more depraved and corrupt; in a moral sent -2. In a physical sense, in regard to health, more sick. 3. More bad; less perfect or good.-The worse. 1. The loss; the disadvantage. 2. Something less good. WORSE, adv. In a manner more evil or bad.

† WORSE, to put to disadvantage, is not in use. See WORST † WORS EN, v. t. To worse. Milton,

WORSEN, v. i. To become worse. Craven dialect. WORS ER is a vulgar word, and not used in good writing or speaking.

WORSHIP, n. [Sax. weorthscype; worth and ship.] 1. Excellence of character; dignity; worth; worthiness. 2. A title of honor, used in addresses to certain magistrates and others of respectable character. 3. A term of ironical respect.-4. Chiefly and eminently, the act of paying d vine honors to the Supreme Being. 5. The bornage paid to idols or false gods, by pagans. 6. Honor; respect; civil deference. 7. Idolatry of lovers; obsequious or submissive respect.

WORSHIP, v. t. 1. To adore; to pay divine bonors to; to reverence with supreme respect and veneration. 2 To respect; to honor; to treat with civil reverence. 3. To honor with extravagant love and extreme submission; as a lover.

WORSHIP, v. i. 1. To perform acts of adoration. 2. To perform religious service. John iv. WORSHIPED, pp. Adored; treated with divine honors; treated with civil respect.

WOR SHIP-ER, n. One who worships; one who pays divine honors to any being; one who adores. South. WORSHIP-FUL, a. 1. Claiming respect; worthy of honor from its character or dignity. Shak. 2. A term of respect, sometimes ironically.

WORSHIP-FUL-LY, adv. Respectfully. Shak. WORSHIP-ING, ppr. Adoring; paying divine honors to; treating with supreme reverence; treating with extreme submission.

WORST, a. (superl. of worse.] 1. Most had; most evil. 2. Most severe or dangerous; most difficult to heal. 3. Most afflictive, pernicious or calamitous.

WORST, n. 1. The most evil state. 2. The most severe or aggravated state; the height. 3. The most calamitous

state.

WORST, v. t. To get the advantage over in contest; to de feat ; to overthrow.

WORST ED, pp. Defeated; overthrown.

WORST ED, (wusted) n. [The origin of this word is escertain. It is usually supposed to take its name from a town in England or in Flanders.] Yarn spun from com bed wool; a particular kind of woolen yarn. WORSTED, a. Consisting of worsted.

WORT, n. [Sax. wyrt; G. wurz; Sw. ort.] 1. A plant, an herb; now used chiefy or wholly in compounds. 2. A plant of the cabbage kind. 3. New beer unfermented, or in the act of fermentation; the sweet infusion of malt. Becen WORTH, a termination, signifies a farm or court; as m Wordsworth.

WORTH, v. i. [Sax. weerthan.] This verb is now used only in the phrases, wo worth the day, wo worth the man, &c., in which the verb is in the imperative mode, and the noun in the dative; wo be to the day. WORTH, n. [Sax. weorth, wurth, wyrth; G. werth; D. waarde; Sw. vård.] 1. Value; that quality of a thing which renders it useful, or which will produce an equrealent good in some other thing. 2. Value of mental qual ities; excellence; virtue; usefulness. 3. Importance , valuable qualities.

WORTH, a. 1. Equal in value to. 2. Deserving of; in a good or bad sense, but chiefly in a good sense. 3. Equal in possessions to; having estate to the value of.- Berthiest of blood, an expression in law, denoting the preference of sons to daughters in the descent of estates. WORTHI-LY, adv. 1. In a manner suited to. Rey. 2. Deservedly; according to merit. 3. Justly; not without cause. South.

WOR THI-NESS, n. 1. Desert; merit. 2. Excellence; dignity; virtue. 3. Worth; quality or state of deserving. WORTH LESS, a. 1. Having no value. 2. Having no value of character or no virtue. 3. Having no dignity of excellence.

WORTHLESS-NESS, n. 1. Want of value; want of useful qualities. 2. Want of excellence or dignity. WORTHY, a. [G. wurdig; D. waardig; Sw. vårdig.] 1. Deserving; such as merits; having worth or excellence; equivalent. 2. Possessing worth or excellence of quali ties; virtuous; estimable. 3. Suitable; having qualities suited to; either in a good or bad sense; equal in value. 4. Suitable to any thing bad. 5. Deserving of ill. Luke xii. WORTHY, R. A man of eminent worth; a man distinguished for useful and estimable qualities; a man of valor; a word much used in the plural; as, the worthies of the

church.

WORTHY, v. t. To render worthy; to exalt. Shak. WOT, v. i. [originally wat; the preterite of Sax. witan.] To know; to be aware. Spenser.

WOULD, (wud) pret. of will, G. wollen, L. volo.- Would is used as an auxiliary verb in conditional forms of speech; as, "I would go, if I could." This form of expression de notes will or resolution, under a condition or supposition. You would go, or he would go, denotes simply an event, under a condition or supposition.-Would has the sense of wish, or pray, particularly in the phrases, "would to God," "would God we had died in Egypt."-Would is used also for wish to do, or to have; as, what wouldst thou?

† WOULDING, n. Motion of desire. Hammond.

WOUND, n. [Sax. wund; D. wond; G. wunde.] 1. A breach of the skin and flesh of an animal, or of the bark and wood of a tree, or of the bark and substance of other

plants, caused by violence or external force. 2. Injury;

hurt.

WOUND, v. t. To hurt by violence; as, to round the head or the arm; to wound a tree. Is. liii.

WOUND, pret, and pp. of wind.
WOUNDED, pp. furt; injured.
WOUNDER, . One that wounds.
WOUNDING, ppr. Hurting; injuring.

• WOUNDING, n. Hurt, injury. Gen. iv.
•WOUND LESS, a. Free from hurt or injury.
WOUND WORT, ■. The name of several plants.
WOUND'Y, a. Excessive. [Not English.]
WOVE, pret, of weave; sometimes the participle.
↑ WOX
for waxed.

WOX EN,

NOTE. W before 1 is always silent.

WRACK, or WRECK, я. A name given to a marine plant which is of great utility as a manure.

WRACK, and To WRACK. See WHECK.
WRAIN-BOLT. See WRING-BO? T.

WRANGLE, r. i. [from the root of wring, Sw. vrånga.] To dispute angrily; to quarrel peevishly and noisily; to brawl; to altercate.

WRAITH, n. perhaps a corruption of swarth, or swairth.] The apparition of a person about to die, as pretended in parts of the North of England. Grose. WRANGLE, . t. To involve in contention. [Little used.] WRANGLE, n. An angry dispute; a noisy quarrel. Swift. WRANGLER, . An angry disputant; one who disputes with heat or peevishness. Watts.-Senior wrangler, in the university of Cambridge, in England, the student who passes the best examination in the senate-house. Then follow the second, third, &c. wranglers. WRAN GLE-SOME, a. Contentious; quarrelsome. Moor. WRANGLING, ppr. Disputing or contending angrily. WRAN GLING, . The act of disputing angrily. WRAP, v. t. pret, and pp. wrapped, or wrapt. 1. To wind or fold together. John XX. 2. To involve; to cover by winding something round; often with up. 3. To involve, to hide. 4. To comprise; to contain. 5. To involve totally. 6. To incluse. 7. To snatch up; to transport.

WRAPPED, or WRAPT, pp. Wound; folded; inclosed. WRAP PER, . 1. One that wraps. 2. That in which any thing is wrapped or inclosed.

WRAPPING, ppr. 1. Winding; folding; involving ; in-
closing. 2. a. Used or designed for wrapping or covering.
WRAP RASCAL, ». An upper coat. Jameson.
WRASS. a. A fish, the labrus tinca of Linne, called by
WRASSE, authors turdus vulgaris.

2.

• WRATH,'n. [Sax, wrath, wrath : Sw., D. vrede.] 1. Vio leut anger; vehement exasperation; indignation. The effects of anger. Prov. xxvi. 3. The just punishment of an offense or crime. Rom. Titi.-God's wrath, in Scriptare, is his holy and just indignation against sin. Rom. 1.

•WRATHTI L, a. 1. Very angry; greatly incensed. 2. Springing from wrath, or expressing it.

•WRATHFULLY, ade. With violent anger. Shak. • WRATHFUL NESS, ». Vehement anger.

• WRATH LESS, 4. Free from anger. Waller.

•WRATHY, 4. Very angry, a colloquial word. WRAWL, e. i. {Sw. erala.) To cry, as a cat.

WREAK, v. t. [Sax. wracan, wraccan; D. wreeken, G. rachen. 1. To execute; to inflict; to burl or drive 2 To revenge; [nearly obs.] Fairjar.

WREAK, for reck, to care, is a mistake. Shak.

WREAK, n. Revenge; vengeance; furious passion WREAKFIL, a. Revengeful; angry. Shak. WREAK LESS, a. Unrevengeful; weak. Shak. WREATH, n. (Sax. wrath, wreoth.] 1. Something twisted or curled. 2. "A garland; a chaplet.

WREATH, v. t. ; pret. wreathed'; pp. wreathed, wreathen 1. To twist; to convolve; to wind one about another. 2 To interweave; to entwine. 3. To encircle, as a gar land. 4. To encircle as with a garland; to dress in a garland.

WREATH, e. i. To be interwoven or entwined. WREATHED, pp. Twisted; entwined; interwoven. WREATHING, ppr. Twisting; entwining; encircling WREATH Y, a. Twisted; curled; spiral.

WRECK, n. [Dan, trag, a wreck, shipwreck; Sw. vrak; Sax. rac, trecca ; D. wrak.] 1. Destruction; properly, the destruction of a ship or vessel on the shore. 2. The ruins of a ship stranded; a ship dashed against rocks or land and broken, or otherwise rendered useless by violence and fracture. 3. Dissolution by violence; ruin; destruction. 4. The remains of any thing ruined; dead weeds and grass.-5. In metallurgy, the vessel in which ores are washed the third time.-8. Wreck, for wreak, is less proper; see also RACK.]

WRECK, &. t. [Sw. vráka.] 1. To strand; to drive against the shore, or dash against rocks, and break or destroy. 2. To ruin.-3. Wreck, for wreak, is improper. Shak. WRECK, r. i. To suffer wreck or ruin. Miton. WRECKED, pp. Dashed against the shore or on rocks. WRECK FIL, a. Causing wreck.

WRECKING, ppr. Stranding; running on rocks. WREN, n. [Sax. wrenna; Ir. dream.] A small bird. WRENCH, v. t. [G. verrenken; D. verwringen.] 1. To pull with a twist; to wrest, twist or force by violence. 2. Tc strain; to sprain; to distort.

WRENCH, R. 1. A violent twist, or a pull with twisting. 2. A sprain; an injury by twisting; as in a joint. 3. An instrument for screwing or unscrewing iron-work Means of compulsion; [ubs.]-5. In the plural, sleights; subtilties; [obs.]

4.

WREST, v. t. [Sax. wrastan ; G. reissen; Dan. vrister.] 1. To twist or extort by violence; to pull or force froni by violent wringing or twisting. 2. To take or force from by violence. 3. To distort; to turn from truth, or twist from its natural meaning, by violence; to pervert.

WREST, n. 1. Distortion; violent pulling and twisting; perversion. 2. Active or moving power; [obs.] 3. An

instrument to tune.

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WREST'ER, ». One who wrests or perverts. WRESTING, ppr. Pulling with a twist; distorting. WRESTLE, (res'l) v. 1. [Sax. æræstlian, or wrazlian; D worstelen.] 1. To strive with arms extended, as two men, who seize each other by the collar and arms, each endeavoring to throw the other by tripping up his heels and twitching him off his centre. 2. To struggle; to strive; to contend.

WRESTLE, v. t. To overcome in wrestling. Spenser. WRES TLER, ». One who wrestles; or one who is skülful in wrestling.

WRESTLING, ppr. Striving to throw; contending. WRESTLING, ". Strife; struggle; contention. WRETCH, ». [Sax. rocca.] 1. A miserable person; one sunk in the deepest distress. 2. A worthless mortal. 3. A person sunk in vice. 4. It is sometimes used by way of slight or ironical pity or contempt. 5. It is sometimes used to express tenderness.

WRETCHED, a. 1. Very miserable; sunk into deep affliction or distress, either from want, anxiety or grief. 2. Calamitous; very afflicting. 3. Worthless; paltry; very poor or mean. 4. Despicable; hatefully vile and contemptible.

WRETCH ED-LY, ade. 1. Most miserably; very poorly
2. Unhappily. 3. Meanly; despicably,
WRETCHED NESS, ». Í. Extreme misery or unhappi-
ness, either from want or sorrow. 2. Meanness; despi.
cableness; as, the wretchedness of a performance.
WRETCHLESS, for reckless,

WRETCH LESS NESS, for recklessness,
WRIG, for wriggle

} are improper.

WRIGGLE, . i. [W. rhuglaw ; D. wriggelen.] To mov the body to and fro with short motions, Swift. WRIGGLE, v. t. To put into a quick, reciprocating mo tion, to introduce by a shifting motion. Hudibras. WRIGGLER, ■. One who wriggles.

WRIGGLING, ppr. Moving the body one way and the other with quick turns.

WRIGHT, (rite) ». [Sax. ryhta.) An artificer; one whose occupation is some kind of mechanical business; a work.

man; a manufacturer. This word is now chiefly used in compounds, as in shipwright, wheelwright. WRING, v. t.; pret. and pp. wringed and wrung. The latter is chiefly used. [Sax. wringan; G. ringen; D. wringen; Dan. ringer.] 1. To twist; to turn and strain with violence. 2. To squeeze; to press; to force by twisting. 3. To writhe. 4. To pinch; [obs.] 5. To distress; to press with pain. 6. To distort; to pervert. 7. To persecute with extortion. 8. To bend or strain out of its position. Mar. Dict.-To wring off, to force off or separate by wringing.-To wring out. 1. To force out; to squeeze out by twisting. 2. To free from a liquor by wringing.To wring from, to force from by violence; to extort. WRING, v. i. To writhe; to twist, as with anguish. Shak.

WRING, n. Action of anguish. Hall.

WRING-BOLT, n. A bolt used by shipwrights, to bend and secure the planks against the timbers till they are fastened by bolts, spikes and tree-nails. WRINGED, PP Twisted; pressed; distressed; extorted. WRING ER, n. One who wrings; one that forces water out of any thing by wringing.

WRINGING, ppr. Twisting, writhing; extorting. WRING-STAVES, n. Strong bars of wood used in applying wring-bolts. Mar. Dict.

WRIN KLE, n. [Sax. wrincle; Sw. rynka; Dan. rynke.] 1. A small ridge or prominence, or a furrow, formed by the shrinking or contraction of any smooth substance; corrugation; a crease. 2. A fold or rumple in cloth. 3. Roughness; unevenness.

WRINKLE, v. t. [Sax. wrinclian; Sw. rynka; Dan. rynker,] 1. To contract into furrows and prominences; to corrugate. 2. To make rough or uneven. WRINKLE, v. i. To shrink into furrows and ridges. WRINKLED, pp. Contracted into ridges and furrows. WRINKLING, Ppr. Shrinking; contracting into furrows and ridges.

WRIST, n. [Sax. wrist.] 1. The joint by which the hand is united to the arm.-2. In the manege, the bridle-wrist is that of the cavalier's left hand.

WRIST BAND, n. [wrist and band.] That band or part of a shirt sleeve which covers the wrist.

WRIT, n. [from write.] 1. That which is written; in this sense, writ is particularly applied to the Scriptures; as, holy writ.-2. In law, a precept issued from the proper authority to the sheriff, his deputy or other subordinate officer, commanding him to perform some act, as to summon a defendant into court to answer, and the like. 3. A legal instrument.

WRIT, pret. of write, is not now used. WRITA-TIVE, a. Disposed to write. Pope. WRITE, v. t. ; pret. wrote; pp. writ, written. [Sax. writan, auritan, gewritan; Ice. rita.] 1. To form by a pen on paper or other material, or by a graver on wood or stone. 2, To express by forming letters and words on paper or stone. 3. To engrave. 4. To impress durably. 5. To compose or produce, as an author. 6. To copy; to transcribe. 7. To communicate by letter. WRITE, v. i. 1. To perform the act of forming characters, letters or figures, as representatives of sounds or ideas. 2. To be employed as a clerk or an amanuensis. 3. To play the author. 4. To recite or relate in books. 5. To send letters. 6. To call one's self; to be entitled; to use the style of. 7. To compose; to frame or combine ideas and express them in words.

WRITER, n. 1. One who writes or has written. 2. An author. 3, A clerk or amanuensis.

WRITHE, v. t. [Sax. writhan; Sw. vrida; Dan. vrider.]
1. To twist; to distort. 2. To twist with violence. 3.
To wrest; to distort; to torture; [obs.]
WRITHE, v. i. To twist; to be distorted. Addison.
WRITHED, pp. Twisted; distorted.
WRITH'ING, ppr. Twisting; distorting.

+ WRITH LE, v. t. [from writhe,] To wrinkle. Spenser.

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WRITING, ppr. 1. Forming, as characters, with a pen, style or graver. 2. a. Used or intended for writing. WRITING, R. 1. The act or art of forming letters and characters, for the purpose of recording ideas. 2. Any thing written or expressed in letters; hence, any legal instrument, as a deed, a receipt, &c. 3. A book; saÝ written composition; a pamphlet; as, the writings of Aidison. 4. An inscription. John xix.-5. Writings, pie. conveyances of lands; deeds; or any official papers. WRITING-MASTER, n. One who teaches the art of penmanship.

WRITTEN, pp. Expressed in letters.- Written laws, Maiutes; laws enacted by the supreme power and recorded; as contradistinguished from unwritten or common law † WRIZZLED, for writhled. Spenser. WROKEN, for wreaked. Spenser.

WRONG, a. [Sw. vrång; Dan. trang ; Sw. tringe; Dan. vrænger.] I. Not physically right; not fit or suitable ; as, the wrong side of a garment. 2. Not morally right; that deviates from the line of rectitude prescribed by God; not just or equitable; not right or proper; not legal; erroneous. 3. Erroneous; not according to truth. WRONG, n. Whatever deviates from moral rectitude; any injury done to another; a trespass; a violation of right. — Wrongs are pricate or public. Private wrongs are civil injuries, immediately affecting individuals; public wrongs are crimes and misdemeanors which affect the community WRONG, adv. Not rightly; amiss; morally ill; erroneously. WRONG, v. t. 1. To injure; to treat with injustice; to deprive of some right, or to withhold some act of justice from. 2. To do injustice to by imputation; to impute evil unjustly.

WRONG-DO-ER, n. One who injures another, or does

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WRONG'LESS-LY, adv. Without injury to any one. WRONGLY, adv. In a wrong manner; unjustly; amiss. WRONGINESS, n. Wrong disposition; error. butler. WROTE, pret. of write; as, he wrete a letter yesterday. WROTH, a. [Sax. wrath, wrath.] Very angry; much exasperated.

WROUGHT, (rawt) pret, and pp. of work. [Sax. werkte, the pret. and pp. of wirean, weorcan, to work.] 1. Worked, formed by work or labor. 2. Effected; performed. 1 Effected; produced. 4. Used in labor. 5. Worked; driven. 6. Actuated. 7. Worked; ased; labored in. 8. Formed; fitted. 9. Guided; managed; [cs.) 10. Agitated; disturbed.-Wrought on or upon, influenced, prevailed on.- Wrought to or up to, excited; inflamed. WRUNG, pret. and pp. of wring.

WRY, a. [Goth. wraicwa, or Dan. erier.] 1. Twisted; turned to one side; distorted. 2. Deviating from the right direction. 3. Wrested; perverted. WRY, v. i. To be writhed or distorted. WRY, v. t. To distort; to wrest.

WRY NECK, n. [wry and neck.] 1. A twisted or distorted neck; a deformity in which the neck is drawn to one side, and at the same time somewhat forwards. 2. A disease of the spasmodic kind, in sheep, in which the head is drawn to one side.-3. In ornithology, a bird resembling the woodpeckers,

WRY NECKED, a. Having a distorted neck.
WRY NESS, n. The state of being wry or distorted
WYCH -ELM, n. A variety of the elm. Cyc.

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X.

As a numeral, X stands for ten. It represents one V, which stands for five, placed on the top of another. When laid horizontally, thus, it stands for a thousand, and with a dash over it, thus X, it stands for ten thousand.

As an abbreviation, X. stands for Christ, as in Xn. Christian a Xm. Christmas.

XANTHID, n. A compound of xanthogene and a metal XANTHIDE, Henry.

XAN THO-GENE, n. [Gr. (avoos and ytrva.] The base of a new acid, produced by the mixture of a solution of pure potassa with bisulphuret of carbon.

XE-BEC', n. A small three-masted vessel, used in the Mediterranean sea. Mar. Dict.

XE-NOD'O-CHY, n. [Gr. fevodoxia.] Reception of stran gers; hospitality. Cockeram.

XE-RO-COL-LYR'T-UM, n. [Gr. Enpos and coλugiov.] A || XIPH'I-AS, n. [Gr. from Eidos.] 1. The sword-fish. 2. A dry collyrium or eye-salve. Core.

KE-RODES, n. Any tumor attended with dryness.

XER-O-MY RUM, n. [Gr. {npos, dry, and pupor, ointment.] A dry ointment. Core.

XE-ROPH A-GY, u. [Gr. {npos and payw.) The eating of dry meats, a sort of fast among the primitive Christians. XE-ROPHTHAL-MY, n. [Gr. Enpos and oplaλpa.] Adry, red soreness or itching of the eyes. XE-ROTES, n. A dry habit or disposition.

comet shaped like a sword.

XIPHOID, a. The r.phoid or ensiform cartilage is a smalt cartilage placed at the bottom of the breast bone, XY-LO-BALSA-MUM, n. The wood of the balsam tree. XY-LOG-RA-PHY, n. [Gr. {v}or and ypupw] Wood epgraving; the act or art of cutting figures in wood, in representation of natural objects.

XYSTER, . [Gr. {varpov, from {vw, to scrape.] A surgeon's instrument for scraping bones.

Y,

Y.

the twenty-fifth letter of the English Alphabet, is taken from the Greek v. At the beginning of words, it is called an articulation or consonant, and with some propriety perhaps, as it brings the root of the tongue in close contact with the lower part of the palate, and nearly in the position to which the close g brings it. Hence it has happened, that, in a great rumber of words, g has been changed into y; as the Fax. gear, into year; geornian, into yearn; gyllan, into yell; gealer, into yellow. In the middle aud at the end of words, y is precisely the same as i. It is sounded as i long, when accented, as in defy, rely; and as i short, when unaccented, as in vanity, glory, synonymous, This latter sound is a vowel. At the beginning of words, y answers to the German and Dutchj. Y, as a numeral, stands for 150, and, with a dash over it,,|| for 150,000.

YACHT, (yot) n. [D. jagt; G. jacht.] A vessel of state used to convey princes, embassadors and other great personages from one place to another.

YAFF, v. i. To bark. Cheshire.

YAGER, (yaw'ger) n. [G. jager.] A horseman.

YAHOO, n. A word used by Chesterfield, I suppose for a savage, or a person resembling a savage.

YAK, #. A species of ox; the grunting ox of Pennant. Cyc.

YAM, n. A large esculent root growing in tronical climates. YAM BOO, ■ A kind of plant producing a fruit.

YANKEE, n. A corrupt pronunciation of the word English by the native Indians of America. Heckewelder. YAMMER, . i. To complain; to whiae, to make a disagreeable noise. Brockett.

YANO-LITE, ®. A mineral, entled also arinite or thumerstone, whose crystals resemble an ax. Ure. YAP, to bark, is not a legitimate word. YAPON, . The cassine or South sea tea. YARD, n. [Sax. geard, gerd, gyrd.} 1. A measure of three feet or thirty-six inches. 2. (Sáx. gyrdan, to inclose.) An inclosure; usually, a smail, inclosed place in front of or around a house or barn.-3. In shops, a long, slender piece of timber, nearly cylindrical, suspended upon the mast, by which a sail is extended.—Dock yard, a place where ships are laid up.-Prison-yard, primarily, an inclosure about a prison, or attached to it. Hence, liberty of the yard is a liberty granted to persons imprisoned for debt, of walking in the yard, or within any other limits prescribed by law. U. States.

YARD, v. t. To confine cattle to the yard. [A farmer's word.]

YARD ARM, n. [yard and arm.] Either half of a ship's yard, from the centre or mast to the end.

YARD-STICK, n. [yard and stick.) A stick three feet in length, used as a measure of cloth, &c.

YARD-WAND, . A measure of a yard; now yard-stick. YARE, . [Sax. gears.] Ready; dextrous, eager. YARE LY, ade. Readily; dextrously; skilfully. Shak YARK. See Yxnx.

YARN, n. [Sax. gearn; G., Ice., Sw. garn.] 1. Spun wool; woolen thread; but it is applied also to other species of thread, as to cotton and linen.-2. In rope-making, one of the threads of which a rope is composed.

YARR, . i. [Low L. Mirrio; Celtic, gar.] To growl or snarl, as a dog. Ainsworth.

YARRISH, a. Having a rough, dry taste. [Local.]
YAR ROW, n. [Sax. gearwe; Sp. yare.] A plant of the
genus achillea the milfoil, or plant of a thousand leaves.
YATE, in the north of England, is used for gate.
YAUD, . A horse. Grost.

YAULP, or YAUP, v. 1. To yelp. Breckett.
YAW, . The African name of a raspberry. Cye.
YAW, r. i. 1. To rise in blisters, breaking in white froth,
as cane juice in the sugar-works. West Indies.—2. In
marigation to deviate from the line of her course, as a
ship

YAWL, » A small ship's boat, usually rowed by four or

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YAWL, v. i. To cry out. See YELL.

YAWN, v. i. [Sax. geoman, gynian ; G. gähnen.] 1. To gape; to oscitate; to have the mouth open involuntarily. through drowsiness or dullness. 2. To open wide. To express desire by yawning.

YAWN, . 1. A gaping, an involuntary opening of the inouth from drowsiness; oscitation. 2. An opening wide.

YAWNING, pp. 1. Gaping; opening wide. 2. a. Sleepy; drowsy dull. Shak.

YAWNING, n. The act of gaping or opening wide.
YAWS, n. A severe cutaneous disease in Africa, &c.
Y-CLAD', pp. Clad. [Obsolete, except in poetry, and perhap,
in burlesque only.]

Y-CLEP ED, (e-klept") pp. of Sax. ge clypian, clepan, to call
Called; nained. It is obsolete except in burlesque,
Y-DRAD, pp. Dreaded. Spenser.

YE, pron. [ax. ge.] The nominative plural of the second person, of which thou is the singular.

•YEA, (ya) edr. (Sax. gea, geac G, D., Dan. ja. 1. Yes; a word that expresses a hrmation or assent. 2. It some times enforces the sense of something preceding, net only so, but more.-3. It. Scripture, it is used to denote certainty, consistency, harmony and stability, as, "all the promises of God in him are yea, and in him are anien." 2 Cor. 1.— Yea is used only 'n the sacred and solemn style. [See YES.]

YEAD, or + GEÁD, «. i. To go. Spenser,

YEAN, v.4. [Sax, eaman.] To bring forth young, as a gost or sheep, to lamb. Obsolete or local.) YEANED, pp. Brought forth,

YEAN LING, ». The young of sheep; a lamb. [Odoolete, or local.]

YEAR, n. [Sax. gear ; G. jahr. D. jaar: Sw. år.] 1. The space or period of time in which the sun moves through the twelve signs of the ecliptic, or whole circle, and returns to the samne point. This is the solar year, and comprehends what are called the twelve calendar months, or 365 days, 5 hours, and 49 minutes, within a small fraction. But, in popular usage, the year consists of 5 days, and every fourth year bissextile or leap year of 366, a day being added to February, on account of the 5 hours and 49 'nutes. 2. The time in which any planet completes a revolution. 3. The time in which the fixed stare make a revolution is called the great year.-4. Yours, in the plural, is sometimes equivalent to age of vid age; as, A man in years.

YEAR'-BOOK, n. [year and heal. A book containing annual reports of cases adjudged in the courts of England. ↑ YEARÉD, a. Containing years. B. Jenson, YEARLING, ». A young beast one year old. YEARLING, 4. Being a year old; as a yearling heifer. YEARLY, a. 1. Annual, happening, accruing or coming every year. 2. Lasting a year. 3. Compretending

year.

YEAR LY, adn Annually; once a year. YEARN, (yern) { e. 1. {Sax. gruenian, piernan, gurman, YERN, earsian. 1. To be strained, to be pained or distressed; to suffer.-2. Urusity, to long, to feel an earnest desire; that is, literally, to have a desire or inelination stretching towards the object or end. YEARN, v. t. To pain; to greve, to vex. Shak. YEARN FUL, a. Mournful, distressing. YEARNING, ppr. Longing, having longing desire. YEARNING, a. Strong emotions of desire, tenderness ON pity.

YEAST, yeest, or yest' a. "Bax. gust, G. gäscht. D. gist.) 1. Barm, the foam, froth or flower of beer of other liquor in fermentation, used for raising dough for bread. 9 Spume or fuam of water; øðr.]

•YEAST Y. 4. Frothy; foamy : spumy: like yeast. •YELK, often, but less correctly, written yok! ». Sax gealew: G. gelb.] The yellow part of an egg, the vitel โยง

YELL, v. i. [Sax. giellan, gyllan ; D. gillen, Sw. gålla.]

To cry out with a hideous noise; to cry or scream as with agony or horror.

YELL., n. A sharp, loud, hideous outcry. Phillips.
YELLING, ppr. Uttering hideous ou cries; shrieking.
YELLING, n. The act of screaming hideously.
YELLOW, a. [Sax. gealew; G. gelb; D. gecl.] Being of a
bright color; of the color of gold. Newton.

YELLOW, n. A bright color, reflecting the most light of any, after white.

YELLOW-BLOS'SOMED, a. Furnished or adorned with yellow flowers. Goldsmith.

YELLOW-BOY, n. A gold coin. [Vulgar.]
YELLOW-EARTH, n. A soft, yellow mineral.

YELLOW-FE'VER, n. A malignant disease of warm cimates, which often suffuses the skin with a yellowish

color.

YELLOW-GOLDS, n. A flower. B. Jonson.

YELLOW-HAM'MER, n. A bird of the genus emberiza. YELLOW-ISH, a. Somewhat yellow. Woodward.

YEL LOW-ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being somewhat yellow. Boyle.

YELLOW-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being yellow. 2.
Jealousy; [obs.] Shak.

YELLOWS, n. A disease of horses, cattle and sheep.
YELP, v. i. [Sax. gealpan; Dan. gylper.] To bark, as a
beagle-hound after his prey, or as other dogs.
YELPING, ppr. Barking in a particular manner.
YEN ITE, n. A mineral found in the isle of Elba.

* YEŌ'MÁN, n. [Sax. gemæne; Sw. gemen; Dan. gemeen.] 1. A common man, or one of the plebeians, of the first or most respectable class; a freeholder; a man free born. 2. An officer in the king's household, of a middle rank between a gentleman and a groom.-3. In ships, an inferior officer under the boatswain, gunner or carpenters, charged with the stowage, account and distribution of the stores. 4. A name or title of certain soldiers; as, yeoman of the guard.

*YEOMAN-LY, a. Pertaining to a yeoman. B. Jonson. *YEŌ'MAN-RY, n. The collective body of yeomen or freeholders.

YERK, v. t. To throw or thrust with a sudden, smart spring. Far. Dict.

YERK, n. A sudden or quick thrust or motion.
YERKING, ppr. Thrusting with a quick spring.
YERN. See YEARN.

YER NUT, or YXR'NUT, n. An earthnut; a pignut. Wilbraham.

*YES, adv. [Sax. gise.] A word which expresses affirmation or consent; opposed to no. YEST. See YEAST.

YES/TER, a. [G. gestern; Sax. gystern; L. hesternus.] Last; last past; next before the present; as, yester sun. -[Note. This is seldom used, except in the compounds which follow.]

YES'TER-DAY, n. [Sax. gyrstan-dæg, gyrsternlic dæg.] 1. The day last past; the day next before the present.2. Yesterday is used generally without a preposition; as, I went to town yesterday.

YES'TER-NIGHT, n. [yester and night.] 1. The last night. 2. It is used without a preposition. YESTY. See YEASTY.

YET, conj. [Sax. get, gyt; Gr. T.] Nevertheless; notwithstanding; however.

4. At

YET, adv. 1. Beside; over and above. 2. Still; the state remaining the same. 3. At this time; so soon. least; at all. 5. It is prefixed to words denoting extension of time or continuance. 6. Still; in a new degree. 7. Even; after all; a kind of emphatical addition to a negative. 8. Hitherto.

tYE VEN, for given. Spenser.

YEW, n. [Sax. iw; W. yo, or ywen; Fr. if.] An evergreen tree valued for its wood or timber.

YEW, v. i. To rise, as scum on the brine in boiling at the salt works. See Yaw. Cyc.

YEW'EN, a. Made of yew. Hubberd.

YEX, n. [Sax. geocsa.] A hiccough. [Little used.]
YEX, v. i. To hiccough.

Y-FERE', adv. Together. Spenser.

YIELD, v. t. [Sax. gieldan, gildan, gyldan.] 1. To produce, as land, stock or funds; to give in return for labor, or as profit. 2. To produce, in general. 3. To afford; to exhibit. 4. To allow; to concede; to admit to be true. 5. To give, as claimed of right. 6. To permit to grant. 7. To enit; to give up. 8. To resign; to give up; sometimes with up or over. 9. To surrender.

YIELD, v. i. Î. To give up the contest; to submit. 2. To comply with. 3. To give way; not to oppose. 4. To give place, as inferior in rank or excellence. YIELD'A-BLE-NESS, n. Disposition to comply. YIELD'ANCE, n. Act of producing; concession. YIELD'ED, pp. Produced; afforded; conceded; allowed; resigned; surrendered.

YIELD ER, n. One who yields.

YIELDING, ppr. 1. Producing; affording; conceding;

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YIELDING-LY, adv. With compliance.

YIELDING-NESS, a. Disposition to comply; quality of yielding. Paley.

YO'JAN, n. In the East Indics, a measure or distance of five miles. Asiat. Res.

YOKE, n. [Sax. geoc, or ioc; D. juk ; G. joch ; Fr. jong.] 1. A piece of timber, hollowed or made curving sear each end, and fitted with bows for receiving the necks of oxen; by which means two are connected for drawing. 2 A mark of servitude; slavery; bondage. 3. A chain, a link; a bond of connection. 4. A couple; a pair; as, a yoke of oxen. 5. Service. Matt. xi.

YOKE, v. t. 1. To put a yoke on; to join in a yoke. 2 To couple; to join with another. 3. To enslave; to bang into bondage. 4. To restrain; to confine.

YOKED, pp. Confined in a yoke; joined; coupled.
YOKE-ELM, n. A tree.

YOKE-FELLOW, or YÖKE-MATE, n. [yoke and fullre or mate.] 1. An associate or companion. 2. A mate; a fellow. Spectator.

YOKING, ppr. Putting a yoke on ; joining; coupling.
YOLD, for yielded. Spenser.

*YOLK, n. 1 The yelk of an egg; [see YILE.] 2. The
unctuous secretion from the skin of sheep, which renders
the pile soft and pliable. 3. The vitellus, a part of the
seed of plants, so named by Gartner, from its supposed
analogy with the yelk of an egg.
YOLP. See YELP.

YON, YOND, or YON'DER, a. [Sax. geond.] Being at a distance within view. Bacon.

YON, YOND, or YON'DER, adv. At a distance within view.

YOND, a. Mad; furious, or alienated in mind. Spenser. YORE, adv. [Sax. geara.] Long. Spenser.-Ofʻyarı, d old time; long ago; as, in times or days of yeri. YOU, (yu) [Sax. eow, in, iuch; G. euch; Arm. chay, D. gu, or yu, thou.] 1. The pronoun of the second p.2son, in the nominative or objective case.-In fa language, it is applied to an individual, as thes is in the solemn style. In the plural, it is used in the salean style in the objective case. 2. You is used, like en in French. for any one; as, "this at a distance looks like a rock, but as you approach it, you see a little cabin." YOUNG, (yung) a. [Sax. iong, geong; G. jung; D. jong; Sw., Dan. ung.] 1. Not having been long born; being in the first part of life; not old; used of animals ; as, a young child. 2. Being in the first part of growth; as, a young plant. 3. Ignorant; weak; or, rather, having bitte experience.

YOUNG, n. The offspring of animals, either a single animal, or offspring collectively.

YOUNGER, (yung'ger) a. comp. Not so old as another. YOUNGEST," (yung'gest) a. superl. Having the least

age.

YOUNG'ISH, (yung'ish) a. Somewhat young Tatler. YOUNG LING, (yung ling) n. [Sax. geonging.] Any aci mal in the first part of life. Dryden.

YOUNG LY, a. Youthful. Gower.

YOUNG LY, (yung ly) adv. 1. Early in life Shak. 2. lg norantly; weakly; [little used.]

YOUNGSTER, (yung'ster) n. A young person; a lad; a colloquial word. Shak.

YOUNGTH, for youth. Spenser.

YOUNKER, 'n. Among seamen, a stripling in the service. YOUR, (yure) a. pronom. [from you; Sax. eaxer ; G. euer.] 1. Belonging to you. 2. It is used indefinitely. 3. Your is used as a substitute for a noun in the nominative o objective.

YOUR-SELF', pron.; plu. YOURSELVES. [your and self.] 1. A word added to you, to express distinction emphatrally between you and other persons; as, this work you was do yourself. 2. It is used as the reciprocal pronoun. YOUTH, (yuth) n. [Sax. iuguth, ingoth, ingoth, gogik: G. jugend; D. jougd.] 1. The part of life that succeeds to childhood. In a general sense, youth denotes the whole early part of life, from infancy to manhood; but it is t unusual to divide the stages of life into infancy, chillà ood youth, and manhood. 2. A young man. 3. A young per son, male or female. 4. Young persons collectively. YOUTH FUL, a. 1. Young. 2. Pertaining to the early part of life. 3. Suitable to the first part of life. 4. Fresh, vigorous, as in youth.

YOUTH FUL-LY, adv. In a youthful manner.
YOUTH HOOD, n. The state of youth. Cheyne.
YOUTH LY, a. Young; early in life. Spenser.
YOUTH'Y, a. Young. [Bad, and not used.] Spectator.
Y-PIGHT', a. Fixed, that is, pitched. Spenser.

YT TRI-A, n. [so called from Ytterby, a quarry in Sweden.]
One of the earths.

YT TRI-OUS, a. Pertaining to yttria; containing yttria.

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