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Pope, and consecrated on the 6th of March, in the church of the Carmelites, by M. de Quelen, Archbishop of Paris, assisted by two other Bishops, MM. de Forbin Janson and Mazenod.' He took possession of the see on the 18th; and during the five years he filled it he secured to himself universal affection and admiration. The death of Cardinal de Latil having left vacant the archbishopric of Rheims, he was elevated to it by a royal ordinance of the 25th of May, 1840, and solemnly installed on the 26th of August. His promotion to the dignity of Cardinal took place in 1851. Cardinal Gousset has published a number of esteemed works; namely 1st, an edition of "The Conferences of Angers," with notes and dissertations, in 26 vols. 1823; 2d, “An Exposition of the Doctrine of the Church respecting Loans on Interest," 1825; 3d, "The Ritual of Toulon," with comments and explanations; 4th, an edition of "The Theological Dictionary of Bergier," with notes; 5th, "The Civil Code," with comments on its relations with moral theology, of which three editions appeared in 1827, 1829, and 1834; 6th, The Justification of the Theology of St. Liguori ;" 7th, "Letter to Abbé Blanc on the Communion of Individuals sentenced to Death;" 8th, "Compendium of the Ritual of Perigueux;" 9th, "Observations on the Project of Law relative to Liberty of Instruction;" 10th, "Moral Theology," 2 vols. 8vo. The Academy of Besançon elected M. Gousset one of its members in 1831. He was already one of the directors of the library and museum, councillor of the university, and member of the committee charged with examining the manuscripts of Cardinal de Grandville. He received the Cross of the Legion of Honour on the 3d of May, 1840.

CARDINAL DU PONT.

Jaques Marie Antoine Celestin Du Pont was born on the 2d of February, 1772, at Iglesias, in Sardinia. His father, Benoit Du Pont, was naval commissioner of the first class. His family, originally French, settled at Villa Franca towards the year 1738. When ten years of age he entered the seminary of the Doctrinarian Fathers, where he studied with so much success, that at seventeen he was appointed member of the Academy of Arcades. He published at the time some Italian and Latin poetry, which is not deficient in charm. Feeling an early vocation for the ecclesiastical life, he entered the Seminary of Nice, where he followed during four years lectures on theology, and thence removed to the Seminary of St. Irenée at Lyons, where he studied another year. On the 16th of January, 1813, he was ordained Sub-Deacon by Cardinal Fesch, Deacon on the 2d of July following, and Priest on the 24th of September, 1814. Monsignor Colonna d'Istria, a friend of his father, chose him for his private secretary. Shortly afterwards, on the 10th of April, 1815, M. du Pont was received doctor in utroque jure in the University of Turin. In 1817, M. de la Fare cast his eyes upon him; but as that prelate could not take possession of the see of Sens before 1821, it was only then he appointed him Canon of his metropolitan church. A year afterwards he nominated him Vicar-General, Archdeacon, and Official; and on the 7th of November of the same year, Louis XVIII. named him honorary member of the Chapter of St. Denis. When Cardinal de la Fare repaired to the conclave at which Leo XII. was elected, he chose him for his first assistant, and M. de Rohan for the second. During his stay at Rome, Louis XVIII. demanded and obtained for him the title of Bishop of Somosate in partibus; and on the 29th of June, 1823, he was consecrated in Paris by Cardinal de la Fare, assisted by the Bishops of Autun and St. Brieuc. Lest the temporary expatriation of his family should lead to any diffi

culty, he solicited letters of naturalisation, which the King granted him on the 23d of June, 1824. After his consecration he continued to reside at Sens, being entrusted by the Cardinal with the direction of the diocese. As Preacher to the King he delivered before the court a sermon on the Last Supper, on the 3d of August, 1828; and another on Pentecost, on the 7th of June, 1829. At the death of the Cardinal, Charles X. offered M. du Pont the bishopric of St. Die, on the 9th of May, 1830. The good deeds he accomplished in that diocese during nine years are well known. On the 1st of May, 1839, he was elevated to the archiepiscopal see of Avignon, which he solemnly took possession of on the 3d of October. He was subsequently transferred from the see of Avignon to that of Bourges, after the demise of M. de Villele. He is a Knight of the Orders of Malta, Christ, and the Legion of Honour, and was lately raised to the dignity of Cardinal.

CARDINAL DE BONALD.

Louis Jacques Maurice de Bonald was born at Milhau, in Rouergue, on the 30th of October, 1787, of Louis Gabriel Amboise Viscount de Bonald and Elizabeth de Guibel de Combescuro. He accompanied his family into exile at the period of the Revolution; and having returned to France at the close of 1797, he continued, under the direction of his illustrious father, the studies he had commenced at the University of Heidelberg. He afterwards entered the Seminary of St. Sulpice at Paris. On leaving the seminary, M. de Pressigny, Archbishop of Besançon, took him as his secretary, and brought him to Rome, where he was charged with the negotiation of the new Concordat. The Abbé de Bonald had been Clerk of the Chapel of the Emperor Napoleon, with MM. de Quelen and Feutrier. In 1817 M. de Latil named him VicarGeneral of Chartres. The sermons he preached there during Lent in 1822 are considered masterpieces of eloquence. On the 27th of April, 1823, he was appointed Bishop of Puy, and consecrated at Chartres by Cardinal de Latil, assisted by the Bishops of Evreux and Amiens. The royal ordinance nominating him Archbishop of Lyons and Vienne, and Primate of Gaul, in the room of Cardinal Fesch, appeared on the 14th of December, 1839; and he was recently invested with the purple.

CARDINAL MATHIEU.

Jacques Marie Adrien Cesaire Mathieu was born at Paris in 1796. His father at first carried on the silk-trade at Lyons, and was afterwards commission-agent at Paris. He belongs by his mother to the Montalan family. His brother, Captain Mathieu, is one of the most distinguished officers of the French navy. After completing his theological studies, M. Mathieu received holy orders, and became secretary of M. du Chatellier, Bishop of Evreux, who soon chose him for his Vicar-General. He was named Bishop of Langres on the 7th of April, 1833, proclaimed in the Consistory on the 7th of May following, and consecrated at Paris by Archbishop de Quelen, assisted by MM. Cottret and de Prilly, Bishops of Beauvais and Chalons. On the 16th of July, 1834, he was transferred to Besançon, and was lately promoted to the dignity of Cardinal.—Times.

MARRIED, on the 19th inst., at the Roman Catholic church, Worksop, Notts, by the Rev. James Jones, GEORGE, youngest son of the late James Young, Esq., of Kingerby House, Lincolnshire, to SOPHIA MARY, eldest daughter of the late Henry Owen, Esq., of Worksop.

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The Rambler,

A CATHOLIC JOURNAL AND REVIEW.

VOL. IX.

APRIL 1852.

PART LII.

THE STRUGGLES OF CATHOLIC LITERATURE.

SOME few years ago there was a cry raised amongst us English Catholics against the inordinate rates at which Catholic books were sold. "Down with the prices!" was exclaimed by almost every zealous person whose poverty, whose cupidity, or whose compassion for the needy, prompted him to wish to see Catholic books "as cheap as dirt." We do not dispute that there might have been some ground for the cry; we do not pretend that the old system of publishing was precisely what it ought to have been, and might prudently have been. No doubt we were in a grievous condition of drowsiness, if not of absolute slumber, in all that concerned the multiplication of good books at a reasonable cost. It boots not, however, to turn to the past, and grumble over it: our concern is with things as they are. The fact is, that Catholic books have been cheapened, and that a swarm of diminutive little volumes, unreadable save to strong and youthful eyes, ugly in form, villanous in illustration, and tending to dilapidation after a week's wear, has been poured over the country, at a price suicidally low, till it has become almost a proverb that the worst-looking and most ill-got-up publications in the kingdom are (with certain exceptions) the books in use among the English Catholic body. As to the ordinary Irish Catholic books, we are not so well acquainted with them; but we have seen specimens with illustrations so ludicrously hideous, and altogether turned out in so utterly disreputable a style, that we suspect a competent judge would be puzzled to decide between the competing demerits of the average of Catholic books on the two sides of the Irish Channel.

To all this we should have little to say, were the evil confined to the simple existence of a few hundred thousands of useless literary deformities. If publishers like to issue, and

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