1 Pentecost.-[The regular pronunciation, Pentecost, is given by Perry, and is now more common.-ED.] 2 [Ram'e-ses.-P.] 3 Raphael. This word has uniformly the accent on the first syllable throughout Milton, though Græcised by 'Ραφουήλ; but the quantity is not so invariably settled by him; for, In his Paradise Lost, he makes it four times of three syllables, and twice of two. What is observed under Israel is applicable to this word. Colloquially, we may pronounce it in two, as if written Raphel; but in deliberate and solemn speaking or reading, we ought to make the two last vowels to be heard separately and distinctly. The same may be observed of Michael, which Milton, in his Paradise Lost, uses six times as a word of three syllables, and eighteen times as Reph'i-dim 4 [Reu'el.-P.] 5 Sabacthani.-Some, says the editor of Labbe, place the accent on the antepenultimate syllable of this word, and others on the penultimate: this last pronunciation, he says, is most agreeable to the Hebrew word, the penultimate of which is not only long, but accented; and, as this word is Hebrew, it is certainly the most preferable pronunciation. 6 Sabaoth. This word should not be confounded in its pronunciation with Sabbath, a word of so different a signification. Sabaoth ought to be heard in three syllables, by keeping the a and o separate and distinct. This, it must be confessed, is not very easy to do, but is absolutely necessary to prevent a very gross confusion of ideas, and a perver sion of the sense. [Perry and Smart accent this word Sab. 1 Satan. There is some dispute among the learned about the quantity of the second syllable of this word, when Latin or Greek, as may be seen in Labbe, but none about the first. This is acknowledged to be short; and this has induced those critics who have great knowledge of Latin, and very little of their own language, to pronounce the first syllable short in English, as if written Sattan. If these gentlemen have not perused the Principles of Pronunciation, prefixed to the Critical Pronouncing Dictionary, I would take the liberty of referring them to what is there said, for full satisfaction, for whatever relates to deriving English quantity from the Latin. But for those who have not an opportunity of inspecting that work, it may, perhaps, be sufficient to observe, that no analogy is more universal than that which, in a Latin word of two syllables, with but one consonant in the middle, and the accent on the first syllable, leads us to pronounce that syllable long. This is, likewise, the genuine pronunciation of English words of the same forın; and where it has been counteracted, we find a miserable attempt to follow the Latin quantity in the English word, which we entirely neglect in the Latin itself (see Introduction, page vi.). Cato and Plato are instances where we make the vowel a long in English, where it is short in Latin; and caligo and cogito, where we make the a and o in the first syllable short in English, when it is long in Latin. Thus, if a word of two syl Jables, with one consonant in the middle, and the accent on She'shai 5 She'shan Shesh-baz'zar Sheth She'thar She'thar Boz'na-i She'va Shibbo-leth Shib'mah 9 Shi'chron Shig-gaion 5 Shi'on Shihor Shihor Lib'nath Shi-iim 34 She-i'im Shil'hi 3 Shil'him Shillem Shillem-ites 8 Shiloh or Shilo 9 Shi-lo'ah 9 Shi-lo'ni 3 Shi-lo'nites 8 Shil'shah 9 Shim'e-a Shim'e-ah Shim'e-am Shim'e-ath Shim'e-ath-ites Shim'e-i 3 Shim'hi 3 Shi'mi 3 Shim'ites 8 Sho'cho 6 Sho'choh 9 Shoham Shomer Sho'phach 6 Sho'phan Sho-shan'nim Sho-shan'nim E'duth Shu'a 9 Shu'ah 9 Shu'al Shuba-el 13 Shuham Shuham-ites 8 Shuhites Shu'lam-ite Shu'math-ites 8 Shu'nam-ite Shu'nem Shu'ni 3 Shu'nites 8 Shu'pham Shu'shan Shu'shan E'duth Shu'thal-ites 8 Shu'the-lah 9 Si'a 1 Si'a-ka 19 Sib'ba-chai 5 we should pronounce as we do Cato and Plato, with the first vowel long: if this word, I say, happen to be derived from a word of three syllables in Latin, with the first short, this is looked upon as a good reason for shortening the first syllable of the English word, as in magic, placid, tepid, &c, though we violate this rule in the pronunciation of the Latin words caligo, cogito, &c., which, according to this analogy, ought to be cale-i-go, coge-i-to, &c., with the first syllable long. This pedantry, which ought to have a harsher title, has considerably hurt the sound of our language, by introducing into it too many short vowels, and consequently rendering it less flowing and sonorous. The tendency of the penultimate accent to open and lengthen the first vowel in dissyllables, with but one consonant in the middle, in some meas ure counteracts the shortening tendency of two consonants, and the almost invariable shortening tendency of the ante penultimate accent; but this analogy, which seems to be the genuine operation of nature, is violated by these ignorant critics, from the pitiful ambition of appearing to understand Latin. As the first syllable, therefore, of the word in question has its first vowel pronounced short for such miserable reasons as have been shown, and this short pronunciation does not seem to be general, we ought certainly to incline to that pronunciation which is so agreeable to the analogy of our own language, and which is, at the same time, sa much more pleasing to the ear. 1 Siloa. This word, according to the present general rule of pronouncing these words, ought to have the accent on the second syllable, as it is Græcised by Σιλωά; but Milton, who understood its derivation as well as the present race of critics, has given it the antepenultimate accent, as more agreeable to the general analogy of accenting English words of the same form: "Or if Sion hill Delight thee more, or Siloa's brook, that flow'd If criticism ought not to overturn settled usages, surely when that usage is sanctioned by such a poet as Milton, it ought not to be looked upon as a license, but an authority. With respect to the quantity of the first syllable, analogy requires that, if the accent be on it, it should be short. See Rules prefixed to the Greek and Latin Proper Names, Rule 19. 2 Sinai. If we pronounce this word after the Hebrew, it has three syllables; if after the Greek, Σινᾶ, two only; though it must be confessed that the liberty allowed to poets of increasing the end of a line with one, and sometimes two syllables, renders their authority, in this case, a little equivocal. Labbe adopts the former pronunciation, but general 1 Zab'di-el 11 Za-bina 9 Zabud Zac'ca-i 5 Zab'u-lon Zac-che'us 12 Zak-keus Zac'cur Zach-a-ri'ah 15 ally follow the Greek in other cases, why not in this? Mil. ton adopts the Greek: "Sing, heav'nly muse! that on the secret top "God, from the mount of Sinai, whose gray top We ought not, indeed, to lay too much stress on the quin tity of Milton, which is often so different in the same word; but these are the only two passages in his Paradise Lost where this word is used; and, as he has made the same let ters a diphthong in Asmadai, it is highly probable he judged that Sinai ought to be pronounced in two syllables. See Rules prefixed to this Vocabulary, No. 5. 3 [Tek'o-a.-F. & Κ.] 5 Thad'de-us.-P.] 1 [U-riel.-P.] 4 [2 [Teko-ites.-F. & Κ.] [Thes-sa-lon'i-ca.-P.] 6 8 Zabulon. "Notwithstanding," says the editor of Labbe, "this word in Greek, Ζαβουλών, has the penultimate long, yet |