AP-PROACHER, n. One who approaches or draws near. AP-PROACHING, ppr. or a. Drawing nearer; advancing toward.

AP-PROACHING, n. In gardening, the act of ingrafting a sprig or shoot of one tree into another without cutting it from the parent stock; called, also, inarching, or graftin by approach.

AP-PROACH'LESS, a. That can not be approached. AP-PROACH'MENT, n. The act of coming near. APPRO-BATE, a. [L. approbatus.) Approved. APPRO-BATE, v. t. [L. approbo.) To express approbation of; to manifest a liking, or degree of satisfaction; as, the cause of this battle every man did allow and approbate.Hall, as quoted in Richardson's Dictionary. [This word is obsolete in England, but is sometimes used in America.] APPRO-BA-TED, pp. Approved; commended. APPRO-BA-TING, ppr. Expressing approbation of. AP-PRO-BATION, n. [L. approbatio.] 1. The act of approving; a liking; that state or disposition of the mind, in which we assent to the propriety of a thing, with some degree of pleasure or satisfaction. 2. Attestation; support; that is, active approbation, or action, in favor of what is approved. 3. The commendation of a book, licensed or permitted to be published by authority, as was formerly the case in England.-SYN. Approval; liking; sanction; consent; concurrence.

APPRO-BA-TIVE, a. Approving; implying approbation.

Milner.

AP'PRO-BA-TO-RY, a. Containing approbation; expressing approbation.-Scott.

AP-PROMPT, for PROMPT.-Bacon.

FAP-PROOF', n. 1. Approval. 2. Certain knowledge.-Shak. AP-PROPER-ĀTE, v. t. [L. appropero.] To hasten. AP-PRO-PIN QUATE (ap-pro-pink'wate), v. i. [L. appropinquo.] To draw near. AP-PRO-PIN-QUATION, n. A drawing nigh.-Hall. AP-PRO-PINQUE', v. i. To approach.-Hudibras. AP-PRO'PRI-A-BLE, a. That may be appropriated; that may be set apart, or assigned exclusively to a particular use. AP-PROPRI-ATE, v. t. [Fr. approprier.] 1. To set apart for, or assign to a particular use, in exclusion of all other uses. 2. To take to one's self in exclusion of others; to claim or use, as by an exclusive right. 3. To make peculiar; as, to appropriate words to ideas. 4. To sever an ecclesiastical benefice, and annex it to a spiritual corporation, sole or aggregate, being the patron of the living. 5. To set apart or vote a sum of money to be expended for a given purpose; as, Congress has appropriated a million of dollars for the construction of ships.

AP-PROPRI-ATE, a. 1. Belonging peculiarly; peculiar; set apart for a particular use or person. 2. Most suitable, fit, or proper; as, appropriate language. AP-PROPRI-ATE, n. Peculiarity.-Bacon.

AP-PROPRI-A-TED, pp. or a, Assigned to a particular use; claimed or used exclusively; annexed to an ecclesiastical corporation.

AP-PROPRI-ATE-LY, adv. In an appropriate manner; fitly properly.

AP-PRO PRI-ATE-NESS, n. Peculiar fitness; the quality of being appropriate, or peculiarly suitable. AP-PROPRI-A-TING, ppr. Assigning to a particular person or use; claiming or using exclusively. AP-PRO-PRI-ATION, n. 1. The act of sequestering, or assigning to a particular use or person, in exclusion of all others; application to a special use or purpose.-2. In law, the severing or sequestering of a benefice to the perpetual use of a spiritual corporation, sole or aggregate, being the patron of the living. 3. The setting apart by vote of a sum to be expended for a given purpose; and, also, the money thus set apart; as, an appropriation has been made to increase the navy.

AP-PROPRI-A-TIVE, a, That appropriates. -M'Culloch. AP-PRO'PRI-A-TOR, n. 1. One who appropriates. 2. One who is possessed of an appropriated benefice. AP-PRO'PRI-E-TA-RY, n. A lay possessor of the profits of a benefice.

AP-PROV'A-BLE, a That may be approved; that merits approbation.

AP-PROV'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being approvable.
AP-PROVAL, n. Approbation.
AP-PROVANCE, n. Approbation.-Thomson.

AP-PROVE', v. 1. [Fr. approuver; L. approbo.] 1. To like; to be pleased with; to admit the propriety of. 2. To prove; to show to be true; to justify. 3. To experience; to prove by trial.-Shak.; [not used.] 4. To make or show to be worthy of approbation; to commend. 5. To like and sustain as right; to commend. 6. To improve. Blackstone.-7. In military affairs, to sanction officially; as, to approve the decision of a court-martial.

AP-PROVED (ap-proovd), pp. Liked; commended; shown or proved to be worthy of approbation; having the appro

bation and support of. Shakspeare uses the word for proved; as, "an approved wanton." AP-PROVEMENT n. 1. Approbation; liking.-2. In law, when a person indicted for felony or treason, and ar raigned, confesses the fact before plea pleaded, and ap peals or accuses his accomplices of the same crime, to obtain his pardon, this confession and accusation are called approvement, and the person an approver. - Blackstone. 3. Improvement of common lands, by inclosing and con verting them to the uses of husbandry.-Blackstone. AP-PRÖVER, n. 1. One who approves. Formerly, one who proves or makes trial.-2. In law, one who confesses a crime, and accuses another. Also, anciently, one who acted as the king's agent for letting small manors, or as steward of a manor, was called an approver.

AP-PROVING, ppr. Liking; commending; giving or ex pressing approbation.

AP-PROVING, a. Yielding approbation. AP-PROVING-LY, adv. By approbation. AP-PROXI-ΜΑΝΤ, α. Approaching.-Dering. AP-PROXI-MATE, a. [L. ad and prozimus.) Nearest to, next; near to. [This word is superseded by proximate.]Approximate quantities are those which are nearly, but not absolutely equal.-Brande.

AP-PROXT-MATE, v. t. To carry or advance near; to cause to approach.-Burke.

AP-PROXI-MATE, v. i. To come near; to approach,
AP-PROXI-MA-TED, pp. Carried or advanced near.
AP-PROXI-MA-TING, ppr. Advancing near; causing to ap
proach.

AP-PROX-I-MATION, n. 1. Approach; a drawing, moving, or advancing near. Hale.-2. In arithmetic and algebra, a continual approach or coming nearer and nearer to a root or other quantity, without being able, perhaps, ever to arrive at it. 3. In medicine, communication of disease by contact. 4. A mode of cure, by transplanting a disease into an animal or vegetable by immediate contact.

AP-PROXI-MA-TIVE, a. Approaching; that approaches. -Ed. Encyс.

AP-PULSE' (ap-puls), n. [L. appulsus.] 1. The act of striking against. 2. Arrival; landing. Bryant. 3. In astrono my, the approach of any planet to a conjunction with the

sun, or a star. AP-PUL'SION, n. The act of striking against by a moving body. AP-PULSTVE, a. Striking against; driving toward. AP-PULSIVE-LY, adv. By appulsion. AP-PURTEN-ANCE, n. [so written for appertenence.] [Fr. appartenance.] That which belongs to something else; an adjunct; an appendage. Appropriately, such buildings, rights, and improvements as belong to land, are called the

appartenances.

AP-PURTEN-ANT, a. 1. Belonging to; pertaining to of right.-2. In law, common appurtenant is that which is annexed to land, and can be claimed only by prescription or immemorial usage, on a legal presumption of a special grant.-Blackstone.

A'PRI-CATE, v. i. [L. apricor.] To bask in the sun.-Ray [Little used.]

A-PRICT-TY, n. Sunshine. [Little used.] IPRICOT, n. [old orthography, apricock.] [Fr. abricot.] A fruit belonging to the genus prunus, allied to the plum, of an oval figure and delicious taste.

APRIL, n. [L. Aprilis; Fr. Avril.] The fourth month of the

year.

APRIL-FOOL, n. One who is sportively imposed upon by others, on the first day of April. A PRI-ORI. [L.] Reasoning or argument a priori deduces consequences from definitions formed, or principles assumed, or infers effects from causes previously known; opposed to a posteriori. -Hedge.

* A'PRON (a'purn), n. [Ir. aprun.] 1. A cloth, or piece of leather, worn on the fore part of the body, to keep the clothes clean, or defend them from injury. 2. The fat skin covering the belly of a goose.-3. In gunnery, a tlat piece of lead, that covers the vent of a cannon. 4. In ships, a piece of curved timber, just above the foremost end of the keel. 5. A platform, or flooring of plank, at the entrance of a dock, against which the dock gates are shut. 6. A piece of leather to be drawn before a person in a gig. * APRONED (a'purnd), a. Wearing an apron.-Pope. * A'PRON-MAN, n. A man who wears an apron; a laboring man; a mechanic.

APRO-POS (ap'ro-po), adv. [Fr.] 1. Opportunely; seasonably. 2. By the way; to the purpose: a word used to introduce an incidental observation, suited to the occasion, though not strictly belonging to the narration. AP'SIS, n.; pl. AP'SI-DES. (Gr. .] 1. In astronomy, the apsides are the two points in the orbit of a primary planet which are at the greatest and least distance from the sun, corresponding to the aphelion and perikelion of our planet. In the secondary planets, the apsides cor respond to the moon's apogee and perigee. The line connecting these is called the line of the apsides. 2. A dome; and hence, particularly, a domed semi-circular or polygonal termination of the choir or aisles of a church.

APT, a. [L. aptus.] 1. Fitted to some use or occasion; as, a very ept remark. 2. Having a tendency to some act on result; as, he is apt to be angry, damp seasons are apt to be unhealthy. 3. Peculiarly prompt and ready; as, apt for war, apt wit. -SYN. Fit; meet; suitable; qualified; inclined; disposed; liable; ready; quick; prompt.

FAPT, a.&. To fit; to suit or adapt.

APTA-BLE, That may be adapted.

FAPTITE, . . To make fit.-Bailey.

APTER-A, n. pl. [Gr. a and πτερον.] A term applied to insects without wings.

APTER-AL, . In architecture, a term applied to buildings which have no columns along the sides, but only in front

or rear.

APTER-OUS, . L. In zoology, destitute of wings.-2. In be'any, destitute of membranous expansions.

APTER-YX, n. [Gr. a and πτερυξ.] A bird of New Zealand, with only short rudiments of wings, and without a tail. APTI-TUDE, 2. 1. A natural or acquired disposition for a particular purpose, or tendency to a particular action or effect., 2. Fitness; suitableness. 3. Aptness; readiness in learning; docility.

APTI-TU DIN-AL, a. Containing aptitude. APT-1-TUDIN-AL-LY, adv. In an aptitudinal manner. APTLY, ade. In an apt or suitable manner; with just correspondence of parts; fitly; properly; justly; pertinently. APTNESS, . 1. Fitness; suitableness. 2. Disposition of the mind; propensity. 3. Quickness of apprehension; readiness in learning; docility. 4. Tendency, in things. APTOTE,. [Gr. a and πτωσις.] In grammar, a noun which has no variation of termination; an indeclinable

noun.

APY-REX-Y, n. [Gr. a and πυρεσσω.] The absence or in

termission of fever.

A-PYROUS, a. [Gr. απυρος.] Incombustible, or that sustains a strong heat without alteration of form or properties. QUA, n. [L. aqua; Sp. agua.] Water; a word much used in pharmacy, and the old chemistry.

A-QUA FORTIS, n. In the old chemistry, nitric acid.

AQUA MARINA, n. A name which jewelers give to a variety of the beryl, on account of its color.

A-QUA REGI-A, In the old chemistry, nitro-muriatic acid. A-QUA VITÆ, A. Brandy, or spirit of wine.

A-QUA'RI-AN, a. One of a sect of Christians, in the primitive Church, who consecrated water in the eucharist, instead of wine.

A-QUARIUM, a. [L.] An artificial pond in gardens for rearing aquatic plants.

A-QUARIUS, n. [L.] The water bearer: a siga in the zodiac, which the sun enters about the 21st of January.

A-QUATIE, a. [L.aquaticus.] Pertaining to water; applied to animals which live in water, as fishes. Aquatical is rarely used.

A-QUATIC, π. A plant which grows in water, as the flag. AQUA-TILE, a. That inhabits the water. Brown. [Rare.] -QUA-TINTA, n. [L. aqua and It. tinta.) A method of etching on copper, by means of aqua fortis, by which a beautiful effect is produced, resembling a fine drawing in water colors or Indian ink.

AQUE-DUET (ak'we-dukt), n. [L. aqua and ductus.] A conduit made for conveying water from one place to another, either above or under the surface. Among the ancients, it was ordinarily a structure of stone or brick raised on arches. The term has also been applied to a similar structure for conveying a canal over rivers or hollows, but aqueduct bridge is a more proper term.

A-QURT-TY, Wateriness. Jonson.

A'QUE-OUS, &. Watery; partaking of the nature of water, or abounding with it. Aqueous humor, in the eye, a transparent, limpid fluid.

AQUE-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being watery; waterishness: wateriness.

QUI-FORM, 4. In the form of water.

AQULLAR [L.] In ornithology, the eagle. Also, a north

ern constellation.

AQUI-LINE (in or ine), a. [L. aquilinus.] 1. Belonging to the eagle. 2. Curving; hooked; prominent, like the beak of an eagle; as, an aquiline nose.

AQUL-LON. n. [L. aquilo.] The north wind.
AQ-UI-TANI-AN, 4. Pertaining to Aquitania, one of the
great divisions of Gaul.
AQUOSE, a. [L. aqua) Watery.-Dict.
A-QUOST1-TY, R. Wateriness.-Dict.

A. R. stand for anno regni, the year of the king's reign; as,
A. R. G. R. 20, in the 20th year of the reign of King George.
ARAB, n. A native of Arabia.

ARA-BESQUE (ara-besk), a. 1. In the manner of the Arabians: applied to pictures and ornaments consisting of imaginary foliage, stalks, plants, &c., in which there are no figures of men or animals.

-Stuart.

AR'A-BIST, n. One well versed in the Arabic language or literature.

AR'A-BLE, a. [L. aro.] Fit for ploughing or tillage; hence, often applied to land which has been ploughed.

AR'A-BY, n. Arabia.-Milton. A-RACH'NI-DAN, n., [Gr. αραχνη and ειδος.] Terms apA-RACH'NI-DA, n. pl., plied to a class of articulate animals with legs, but without wings; including the spiders, mites, and scorpions.

A-RACHNOID, n. [Gr. αραχνη and είδος.] In anatomy, the arachnoid tunic, or arachnoid, is a semi-transparent, thin membrane, which is spread over the brain and spinal cord between the dura mater and pia mater. A-RACHNOID, n. A species of madrepore, found fossil. A-RACH-NOL'O-GIST, n. One versed in arachnology. A-RACH-NOLOGY, n. [Gr. αραχνης and λογος.] The science or history of spiders and other arachnida. AR-A-CHO'SIAN, a. Designating a chain of mountains which divide Persia from India.

AR-AIGN-EE' (ar-ran-ya), n. [Fr.] In fortification, the AR-RAIGN' (ar-rane), 3 branch, return, or gallery of a

mine.

†A-RAISE, v. t. To raise.-Shak.

AR-A-MA'IC, a. or n. A term applied to the language of the
Syrians and Chaldeans, their literature, &c.
AR-A-ME'AN, a. Pertaining to the Syrians and Chaldeans,
descendants of Aram, a son of Shem, or to their language,
the Syro-Chaldaic.

AR-A-ME'AN-ISM, n. An idiom of the Aramean language.
A-RA-NET-DAN, n.
Terms applied to a tribe of the arach-
A-RA-NET-DE, n. pl. nida, including the proper spider.
A-RANE-OUS, a. [L. aranea.] Resembling a cobweb.
A-RATION, n. [L. aratio.] A ploughing.-Cowley.

A-RATOR, n. [L.) A ploughman.

FAR'A-TO-RY, a. That contributes to tillage. AR-AU-CA'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to the Araucanians, a tribe of Indians in Chili.

ÄRBAL-IST, n. [L. arcus and balista.) A cross-bow.

ÄRBAL-IST-ER, n. A cross-bowman.

ÄRBI-TER, n. [L.] 1. A person appointed, or chosen by parties in controversy, to decide their differences. 2. A person who has the power of judging and determining, without control. 3. One that commands the destiny, or holds the empire of a nation or state.-SYN. Arbitrator; umpire; controller; ruler; governor.

ARBI-TRA-BLE, a. 1. Arbitrary; depending on the will. Spelman.-2. Determinable.-Hall.

AR-BITRA-MENT, n. 1. Will; decision; determination. 2. The award of arbitrators. Cowel. ÄR'BI-TRA-RI-LY, adv. By will only; despotically; absolutely.

XR'BI-TRA-RI-NESS, n. The quality of being arbitrary; despoticalness; tyranny.

AR-BI-TRĀ'RI-OUS, a. Arbitrary; despotic. 1AR-BI-TRA'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Arbitrarily. ARBI-TRA-RY, a. [L. arbitrarius.] 1. Depending on will or discretion; not governed by any fixed rules. 2. Absolute in power; having no external control. SYN. Absolute; despotic; unlimited; tyrannical; imperative; imperious; peremptory.

ARBITRATE, v. i. [L. arbitror.] 1. To hear and decide as arbitrators. 2. In a general sense, to decide or deter mine. South.

ÄRBI-TRATE, v. t. To decide; to determine; to judge of.

-Milton.

AR-BI-TRATION, n. 1. The hearing and determination of a cause between parties in controversy, by a person or persons chosen by the parties.

ARBI-TRA-TOR, n. 1. A term applied to a person or persons chosen by parties who have a controversy, to determine their differences. 2. An arbiter, governor, or president. 3. An arbiter; one who has the power of deciding or prescribing without control.-Addison. AR-BI-TRATRIX, n. A female who arbitrates or judges. AR-BITRE-MENT, n. Will; decision; compromise. ÄRBI-TRESS, n. A female arbiter, or witness; as, "the moon sat silent arbitress."-Milton.

ARBOR, n. 1. A frame of lattice-work, covered with vines, branches of trees, or other plants, for shade; a bower.2. In botany, a tree, as distinguished from a shrub.-3. In mechanics, the principal spindle or axis which communicates motion to the other parts of a machine.-Arbor Di ana (the tree of Diana, or silver), a precipitation of silver in a beautiful arborescent form, made by putting mercury into a solution of nitrate of silver. Arbor Saturni (tree of Saturn, or lead), a similar precipitation of lead, made by putting zinc into a solution of acetate of lead. ARBO-RA-RY, a. Belonging to a tree. Dict. ARBO-RA-TOR, n. One who plants or who prunes trees.Evelyn.

ARBOR-ED, a. Furnished with an arbor-Pollok. XR-BO'RE-OUS, a. [L. arboreus.) Belonging to a tree; resembling a tree; constituting a tree; growing on trees. XR-BO-RESCENCE, n. [L. arboresco.) The figure of a tree; the resemblance of a tree in minerals, or crystallizations, or groups of crystals in that form. XR-BO-RESCENT, a. 1. Resembling a tree; having the figure of a tree; dendritical. 2. From herbaceous becoming woody.

XR-BO-RESCENT STÄR-FISH, n. A species of asterias, called also caput Medusa.

ARBO-RET, n. [It. arboreto.] A small tree or shrub; a place planted or overgrown with trees.

AR-BO-RETUM, n. [L.) A place in a park, nursery, &c., in which a collection of trees, consisting of one of each kind, is cultivated.

AR-BORIC-AL, a. Relating to trees.-Howel.

AR-BOR-I-CULTURE, n. [L. arbor and cultura.) The art of cultivating trees and shrubs, chiefly for timber or ornamental purposes.-Brande.

AR-BORT FORM, a. Having the form of a tree.

ARBOR-IST, n. One who makes trees his study, or who is versed in the knowledge of trees. AR-BOR-I-ZATION, n. The appearance or figure of a tree or plant in minerals or fossils.

ARBOR-IZE, v. t. To form the appearance of a tree or plant in minerals.

ARBOR-VINE, n. A species of bind-weed.

ARBUS-CLE (ärbus-sl), n. [L. arbusculus.] A dwarf tree, in size between a shrub and a tree.

AR-BUS'CU-LAR, a. Resembling a shrub; having the figure of small trees.

AR-BUSTIVE, a. Containing copses of trees or shrubs; covered with shrubs.-Bartram.

AR-BUSTUM, n. A copse of shrubs or trees; an orchard. AR'BUTE, n. [L. arbutus.] The strawberry-tree.

AR-BUTE-AN, a. Pertaining to or made of the strawberry

tree.

ÄRE, n. [L. arcus.] In geometry, any part of the circumference of a circle, or other curved line, lying from one point to another; a segment of a circle.

AR-CADE', n. [Fr.] 1. A long or continued arch or series of arches; a walk arched above. 2. A long, arched building or gallery, lined on each side with shopя.-Р. Сус. AR-CA'DI-AN, (a. Pertaining to Arcadia, a district in PeloAR-CADIE, ponnesus.

AR-CADI-AN, n. A native of Arcadia, in Greece.

ÄRCH-AN-GELTC, a. Belonging to archangels.
ARCH-A-POSTĀTE, n. A chief apostate.
ARCH-A-POSTLE, n. The chief apostle.
ARCH-ÄRCНТ-ТЕСТ, п. The Supreme Architect.
ARCH-BEACON, n. The chief beacon, place of prospect
or signal.

ARCH-BISHOP, n. A chief bishop; a church dignitary of the first class; a metropolitan bishop, who superintends the conduct of the suffragan bishops, in his province, and also exercises episcopal authority in his own diocese. ARCH-BISHOP-RIC, n. The jurisdiction, place, or province of an archbishop.

ARCH-BOTCHER, n. The chief botcher, or mender, ironically. Corbet.

XRCH-BUILDER (-bilder), n. Chief builder. Harmar. ARCH-BUTLER, n. A chief butler; an officer of the German empire, who presented the cup to the emperor on solemn occasions. This, and the other offices under the empire, became extinct when the empire was dissolved in 1806, and the Germanic Confederation took its place in 1814-15.

XRCH-CHAMBER-LAIN, n. A chief chamberlain; an officer of the German empire. ARCH-CHAN'CEL-LOR, n. A chief chancellor; an officer

in the German empire.

ARCH-CHANTER, n. The chief chanter, or president of the chanters of a church-Henry.

ARCH-CHEMIC, a. Of supreme chemical powers.
ARCH-CON-SPIRA-TOR, . Principal conspirator.
ARCH-COUNT", n. A chief count; a title formerly given to
the Earl of Flanders.

ARCH-CRITIC, n. A chief critic.

ARCH-DAPI-FER, n. An officer in the German empire. ARCH-DEACON (arch-de'kn), n. [See DEACON.] In Eng. land, an ecclesiastical dignitary, next in rank below a bishop, who has jurisdiction either over a part or over the whole diocese.

ÄRCH-DEA'CON-RY, n. The office, jurisdiction, or residence of an archdeacon.

ARCH-DEACON-SHIP, n. The office of an archdeacon.
ARCH-DIO-CESE, n. The diocese of an archbishop.
ARCH-DI-VINE', n. A principal theologian.
ARCH-DRUID, n. A chief druid, or pontiff of the ancient
druids.-Henry.

ARCH-DU'CAL, a. Pertaining to an archduke.
ARCH-DUCHESS, n. A title given to the females of the

house of Austria.

ARCH-DUCHY, n. The territory of an archduke or archduchess. Ash.

ARCH-DUKE', n. A title given to princes of the house of Austria,

ÄRCH-DUKEDOM, n. The territory or jurisdiction of an archduke or archduchess.

ARCH-E'AL, a. Belonging to the archeus; as, archeal ideas.

AR-CADY, n. The country of Arcadia.-Milton.

AR-CANE, a. [L. arcanus.] Hidden; secret. [Rare.]

AR-CA'NUM, n. [L.] A secret; generally used in the plural, arca'na, secret things, mysteries.

XRE-BOUTANT (-booting), n. [Fr.) In building, a flying buttress, which see.

ARCH, n. [See ARC.] 1. A segment, or part of a circle. A concave or hollow structure of stone or brick, supported by its own curve. 2. The space between two piers of a bridge, when arched; or any place covered with an arch. 3. Any curvature in form of an arch. 4. The vault of heaven, or sky. -Triumphal arches are magnificent structures erected to adorn a triumph, and perpetuate the memory of the event.

ARCH, v. t. To cover with an arch; to form with a curve. ARCH, v. i. To make an arch or arches.-Pope.

ARCH, a. [It. arcare.] Cunning; sly; shrewd; waggish; mischievous for sport; mirthful.

XRCH, a. [used also in composition.] [Gr. αρχος.] Chief: of the first class; principal. Shakspeare uses this word as a noun, "My worthy arch and patrons;" but the use is not authorized.

ARCH-A-BOM-IN-ATION, n. Chief abomination. - Everett.
AR-CHE-OLO-GY, n. A discourse on antiquity; learning
pertaining to antiquity, the science of antiquity.
AR-CHE-O-LOGIC-AL, a. Relating to archeology.
XR-CHE-O-LOGIE-AL-LY, adv. In an archæological man-

ner.

AR-CHE-OL'O-GIST, n. One versed in antiquity, or ancient | learning.

AR-CHATE, a. [Gr. αρχαϊκος) Ancient; obsolete.
AR-CHAI-OL'O-GY, n. See ARCHEOLOGY.

ARCH'A-ISM, n. [Gr. αρχαιος.) An ancient or obsolete word or expression.

ARCH-ANGEL, n. 1. An angel of the highest order; an angel occupying the eighth rank in the celestial hierarchy. 2. The name of several species of plants of the genus lamium.

covered with an arch; in the form of an arch. ARCH-ENE-MY, n. A principal enemy. --Milton.

ÄRCHER, n. [Sp. archero; It. arcièro; Fr. archer.) A bowman; one who uses a bow in battle; one who is skilled in the use of the bow and arrow.

ÄRCHER-ESS, n. A female archer.-Markham. ÄRCHER-Y, n. The use of the bow and arrow; the practice, art, or skill of archers; the act of shooting with a bow and arrow.

ARCHES-COURT. In England, so called from the church of St. Mary le bow (de arcubus), whose top is raised of stone pillars built archwise, where it was anciently held, is a court of appeal, in the ecclesiastical ponty, belonging to the archbishop of Canterbury.

AR-CHET (ar-sha), n. [Fr.] The bow of a violin or other similar instrument of music. The French phrase à archet (with the bow) denotes generally musical instruments played with a bow, as the violin, &c.

ARCHE-TYP-AL, a. Original; constituting a model or pat

tern.

ÄRCHΈ-ΤΥΡΕ, η. [Gr. αρχετύπον.] 1. The original pattern or model of a work; or the model from which a thing is made.-2. Among minters, the standard weight by which others are adjusted. 3. Among Platonists, the archetypal world is the world as it existed in the idea of God before the creation,

ÄRCH-EUS, n. (Gr. apyn, beginning, or apχος, a chief; W. erchi.) A term used by the old chemists, to denote the internal efficient cause of all things.

ARCH-FELON, n. A chief felon.-Milton.
ARCH-FIEND' (arch-feend"), n. A chief fiend or foe.
ARCH-FLA MEN, n. A chief flamen or priest.
ARCH-FLATTER-ER, п. A chief flatterer.
ARCH FOE', n. A grand or chief enemy.
ARCH-FOUNDER, n. A chief founder.-Milton.
ARCH-GOVERN-OR, n. The chief governor.
ARCH-HERE-SY. n. The greatest heresy.-Butler
ARCH-HERE-TIE, n. A chief herctic.-Shak.

ARCH-HYPO-CRITE, n. A great or chief hypocrite. ARCHI-I-TER,. [Gr. αρχος and 11.5.] A term applied, on the continent of Europe, to the first or body physician of princes, and to the first physician of some cities.

XRCHIC-AL, 4. Chief; primary. Hallywell. ARCH-I-DI-ACON-AL, a. [See DEACON.] Pertaining to an archdeacon.

ARCH-I-E-PIS CO-PAL, a. Belonging to an archbishop. ARCH-4-E-PIS CO-PA-CY. n. The state of an archbishop. ARCH-TE-REY, n. [Gr. pros and ίερους.] A term applied to the higher order of clergy in Russia.

IRCHIL, A lichen which grows on rocks, and produces a rich purple tincture, called archil, or orchal.

ARCH-I-LO CHI-AN, a. Pertaining to Archilochus, the poet, who invented a verse of seven feet,

IRCH-I-MAGUS. 7. The high priest of the Persian magi, or worshipers of fire.

ARCH-4-MAND RITE, n. In the Greek Church, the chief of a monastery, answering to abbot; or the superintendent of a number of monasteries, corresponding to father provincial in the Roman Catholic Church.

AR-CHIM-E-DE'AN, 4. Pertaining to Archimedes. Archimedean screw, a machine for raising water, invented by Archimedes, and consisting of a tube rolled in a spiral form round a cylinder.

IRCHING, ppr. Forming an arch; covering with an arch. ARCHING, a Curving like an arch.

ARCH-I-PEL'A-GO, n. [Authors are not agreed as to the origin of this word. Some suppose it to be composed of αρχος, chief, and πελαγος, sea; others, of Λιγαιος and πελay s. the Egean Sea.) In a general sense, a sea interspersed with many islands; a group of islands; but particularly, the sea which separates Greece from Asia Minor, otherwise called the Egean Sea.

ARCHI-TECT, n. [Gr. apxos and τεκτων.] 1. A person skilled in the art of building; one who understands architecture, or makes it his occupation to form plans and designs of buildings, and superintend the artificers employed. 2. A contriver; a former or maker.

ARCH-I-TECTIVE, a. Used in building; proper for building. ARCH-I-TECT-ONIC, a. Pertaining to architecture; that has power or skill to build.

†ARCH-I-TEΕΤ-ΟΝΊΘ-AL, 4. Having skill in architecture. ARCH-I-TECT-ONIES, R. The science of architecture, IRCH-I-TECTRESS, n. A female architect. ARCH-I-TECTUR-AL, a. Pertaining to the art of building; that is according to the rules of architecture.

ARCHI-TECT-URE, n. [L. architectura.] 1. The art or science of building; but in a more limited and appropriate sense, the art of constructing houses, bridges, and other buildings, for the purposes of civil life, often called civil architecture, 2. Frame, or structure, or workmanship.Military architecture is the art of fortification.-Naval architecture is the art of building ships,

IRCHI-TRAVE, n. [Gr. αρχs, and It. trave.] In architecture, the lower division of an entablature, or that part which rests immediately on the column. In chimneys, the architrave is called the mantel-piece; and over doors and windows, the hyper kyrion.

ARCHT-VAL, 4. Pertaining to archives or records; contained in records-Tooke.

ARCHIVES, π. pl. [Gr. αρχειον; Low L. archivum; Fr. archires The place in which records are kept; also, the records and papers which are preserved, as evidences of facts. Syn. Registers; records; chronicles.

ARCHI-VIST, n. [Fr. and It.] The keeper of archives or

records.

ARCHI-VOLT, . In building, the inner contour of an arch; or a band adorned with moldings, running over the faces of the arch-tones, and bearing upon the imposts. IRCIPLIKE, a. Built like an arch.-Young.

ARCHLUTE, n. [It. arcileuto.) A large lute, a theorbo, ARCHI-LUTE, the base strings of which are doubled with an octave, and the higher strings with a unison.

ARCHLY, ade. Shrewdly; wittily; jestingly.
ARCH-MA-GICIAN, R. The chief magician.
ARCH-MARSHAL, A. The grand marshal of the German
empire.

ARCH-MOCK', . Principal mockery or jest,-Shak. IRCHNESS, 3. Cunning; shrewdness; waggishness. IREHON, π. [Gr. αρχων.] The archons in Greece were chief magistrates, chosen to superintend civil and religious cone rns. They were nine in number. - Епсус.

ARCHON-SHIP, 2. The office of an archon; or the term of his office.-Mitford,

ARCH-ONTIES, n. pl. In Church history, a branch of the Valentinians, who held that the world was not created by God, but by angels, archontes,

IRCH-PASTOR, . Chief pastor, the Shepherd and Bishop of our souls.-Barrow.

ARCH-PHI-LOSO-PHER, n. A chief philosopher.

ARCH-PILAR, n. The main pillar-Harmar,

ARCH-POET. a. The principal poct.

ARCH-POL-I-TY CIAN, n. An eminent or distinguished politician.-Bacon.

ARCH-PONTIFF, n. A supreme pontiff or priest.-Burke. * ARCH-PREL/ATE, n. [Ste PRELATE.) The chief prelate. ARCH-PRESBY-TER, π. A chief presbyter or priest. ARCH-PRESBY-TER-Y, n. The absolute dominion of pres bytery, or the chief presbytery.

ARCH-PRIEST, n. A chief priest.-Encyc.

ARCH-PRIMATE, n. The chief primate; an archbishop over other archbishops.

ARCH-PROΡΗΈΤ, η. Chief prophet.-Warton.
ARCH-PROTEST-ANT, n. A principal or distinguished
protestant.

ARCH-PUBLIC-AN, n. The distinguished publican.
ARCH-REBEL, n. The chief rebel-Milton.

ÄRCH'STONE, n. The stone that binds an arch; the key

stone.

ARCH-TRAITOR, n. A principal traitor. ÄRCH-TREASUR-ER (arch-trezh'ur-er), n. The great treasurer of the German empire.

ARCH-TREASUR-ER-SHІР, п. The office of archtreasur. er. Collins's Peerage.

ARCH-TYRANT, n. A principal or great tyrant.-Hall.
ARCH-VIL'LAIN, n. A chief or great villain.
ARCH-VILLAIN-Y, n. Great villainy.

ARCHWAY, n. A way or passage under an arch.
ARCHWAYED, a. Having a way under an arch,
ARCH-WIFE', n. A woman in the higher rank of society.

-Chaucer.

ARCH'WISE, adv. In the form of an arch.
FARCHY, a. In the form of an arch.-Partheneia Sacra.
ÄR-CITE-NENT, a. [L. arcitenens.] Bow-bearing.-Dict.
ARCO GRAPH, п. An instrument for drawing a circular
are without a central point.

ÄRE-TATION, n. [L. arctus.] Preternatural straitness; ÄRETI-TUDE, S constipation from inflammation or spasm. ÄRETIC, a. (Gr. αμκτος.] Northern; pertaining to the northern constelation called the Bear; as, the arctic pole. Th. arctic circle is a lesser circle, parallel to the equator, 235 28 from the north pole. This and the antarctic circle ar called the polar ci cies, and within these lie the frigid zones. ÄRETO-E-GYΡΤΙΑΝ, ». [Gr. αρκτος and Egyptian.] 1. A northern Egyptian, app rently originating from Circassia. 2. a. Pertaining to the northern Egyptians.

ÄRE-TŪRUS, n. [Gr. αρκτος απά ουρί.] A fixed star of the first magnitude, in the conster'at on of Boctes. AREU-ATE, a. [L. arcuatus.] Bent or curved in the forn of a bow.

ÄREU-A-TILE, a. Bent-Dict.

ARE-U-ATION, n. 1. The act of bending; incurvation; the state of being bent; curvity; crookedness, great convexity of the thorax. 2. A method of raising trees by layers that is, by bending branches to the ground, and covering the small shoots with earth.

ÄR CU-BAL-IST, n. [L. arcus and balista.] 4 cross-bow. ÄR-CU-BALIS-TER, n. A cross-bowman, one who usea the arcubalist.

ÄRD, the termination of many English words, is the Ger. art, species, kind; Sw. and Dan, art, mode, naa re, genius, form. We observe it in Goddard, a divine temper; Gif fard, a disposition to give, liberality; Bernard, filial affection; standard, drunkard, dotard, &c.

XR-DAS'SINES, n. A very fine quality of Persian silk, the finest used in the looms of France.

ÄRDEB, n. A Turkish measure, a little more than eight

bushels.

ÄRDEN-CY, n. [L. ardens.] Warmth of passion or affec. tion; ardor, eagerness.

ÄRDENT, a. 1. Hot; burning; that causes a sensation of burning. 2. Having the appearance or quality of fire; as, ardent eyes. 3. Warım, applied to the passions and affec tions; much engaged.-SYN. Burning; hot; fiery; intense; fierce; vehement; eager; zealous; keen; fervid; fervent; passionate; affectionate.

ÄRDENT-LY, adv. With warmth; affectionately; passionately.

ÄRDENT-NESS, n. Ardency.

ÄR'DERS, n. pl. Fallowings or plowings of grounds. Grose. ÄRDOR, n. [L.] 1. Heat, in a literal sense. 2. Warmth, or heat, applied to the passions and affections; eagerness. ÄR-DUI-TY, n. Height; difficulty.-Dict.

ÄR'DU-OUS (ard'yu-us), a. [L. arduus.] 1. High, lofty, in a literal sense. 2. Attended with great labor, like the ascending of acclivities; as, an arduous employment, task, or enterprise. SYN. Difficult; trying; laborious; painful; exhausting.

ÄR DU-OUS-LY, adv. In an arduous manner; with labori

ousness.

ÄRDU-OUS-NESS, n. Height; difficulty of execution.
ÄRE (är). The plural of the substantive verb to be.
ARE, n. [L. area.) In French measure, the new square
perch, containing a hundred square meters.

PRE. See ALAMIRE.