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A-BODE', pret. of abide.

A-BODE', n. 1. The act of continuing 'n a place for a longer or shorter time. 2. A place of continuance. 3. To make abode, to dwell or reside.-SYN. Stay; continuance; residence; dwelling; habitation; domicile.

A-BODE, v. t. To foreshow.-Shak.

A-BODE, v. i. To be an omen.-Dryden.
A-BODE'MENT, n. A secret anticipation of something fu-
ture.-Shak.

A-BOD'ING, n. Presentiment; prognostication.
AB-O-LETE', a. [L. abolitus.] Old; out of use.
A-BOLISH, v. t. [Fr. abolir.] 1. To make void; applied
chiefly and appropriately to established laws, contracts,
rites, customs, and institutions; as, to abolish laws by a
repeal. 2. To destroy, or put an end to; as, to abolish
idols. Isa., ii. So, also, to abolish death.-2 Tim., i. This
sense is not common. - SYN. To abrogate; annul; do
away; set aside; revoke; repeal; cancel; annihilate.
A-BOLISH-A-BLE, a. That may be annulled, abrogated, or
destroyed.

A-BOLISHED (a-bolisht), pp. Annulled; repealed; abro-
gated, or destroyed.

A-BOLISH-ER, n. One who abolishes.

A-BOL'ISH-ING, ppr. Making void; annulling; destroying. A-BOLISH-MENT, n. The act of annulling; abrogation; destruction.-Hooker.

AB-O-LI TION (ab-o-lish'un), n. 1. The act of abolishing; or the state of being abolished; an annulling; abrogation; utter destruction. 2. The putting an end to slavery; emancipation.

AB-O-LITION-ISM, n. The principles of an abolitionist.
AB-O-LITION-IST, n. One who is desirous to abolish any
thing, especially slavery.

A-BOL'LA, n. [L.) An ancient military garment.
AB-O-MA'SUM, n. [L. omasum.) The fourth stomach of a
AB-O-MA'SUS, ruminant animal; the maw.

A-BOMIN-A-BLE, a. Awakening hatred, or strong disgust;
odious to the mind or senses.-SYN. Loathsome; detest-
able; execrable; odious; hateful; revolting.

A-BOMIN-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being very odious: hatefulness.

A-BOMIN-A-BLY, adv. 1. Very odiously; detestably; sin-
fully.-2. In vulgar language, extremely; excessively.
Α-ΒΟΜΊΝ-ΑΤE, v. 1. [L. abomino.] To hate extremely; to
abhor; to detest; to loathe.

Α-ΒΟΜΙΝ-Α-ΤED, pp. Hated utterly; detested; abhorred.
Α-ΒΟΜΊΝ-Α-ΤING, ppr. Abhorring; hating extremely.
A-BOM-IN-ATION, n. 1. Extreme hatred.-Swift. 2. The
object of detestation; a common signification in Scripture.
3. Hence, defilement and pollution, in a physical sense, or
evil doctrines and practices, which are moral defilements,
idols, and idolatry, are called abominations. Whatever is
an object of extreme hatred is called an abomination.-
SYN. Detestation; loathing; disgust; aversion; loathsome-
ness; odiousness.

A-BORD', n. [Fr.] Literally, arrival; but used for first ap-
pearance, manner of accosting, or address; but not an
English word. Chesterfield.

†A-BORD', v. t. To approach; to accost.
AB-O-RIGIN-AL, a. [L. ab and origo.) First; original. Ab-
original people are the first inhabitants of a country.
AB-O-RIGIN-ALL., n. An original inhabitant. The first settlers
in a country are called aboriginals.

AB-O-RIGIN-ES, n. pl. The first inhabitants of a country.
[This word is not regularly formed, but has become gen-
erally prevalent.]

† A-BORSE'MENT, n. Abortion.

† A-BORT, v. i. [L. aborto.] To miscarry in birth. † A-BORT, n. An abortion.-Burton.

A-BOR'TION, n. [L. abortio.] 1. The act of miscarrying, or
producing young before the natural time. 2. The fetus
brought forth before it is perfectly formed.-3. In a fig.
urative sense, any fruit or produce that does not come to
maturity, or any thing which fails in its progress.

A-BORTIVE, a. 1. Brought forth in an immature state;
failing, or coming to naught, before it is complete. 2.
Failing in its effect; miscarrying; producing nothing; as,
an abortive scheme. 3. Producing nothing; as, "an abor-
tive gulf."-Milton, (not regular. 4. Pertaining to abor-
tion.-5. In medicine, procuring abortion; as, abortive medi-
cines. Parr.-6. In botany, an abortive flower is one which
falls without producing fruit. This term is also applied to
parts imperfectly formed; as, an abortive stamen; or to
such as do not arrive at perfect maturity, as a sced unim-
pregnated-SYN. Immature; untimely; unsuccessful.
A-BORTIVE, n. That which is brought forth or born pre-
maturely.

A-BORTIVE-LY, adv. Immaturely; in an untimely manner.
A-BORTIVE-NESS, n. The state of being abortive; a fail-
ing in the progress to perfection or maturity; a failure of
producing the intended effect.

A-BORT MENT, n. An untimely birth.-Bacon.

A-BOUND', v. i. [L. abundo.] 1. To have or possess in great

quantity; to be copiously supplied; followed by with or in. 2. To be in great plenty; to be very prevalent. A-BOUNDING, ppr. or a. Having in great plenty; being in great plenty; being very prevalent. A-BOUNDING, n. Increase.-South. A-BOUT, prep. [Sax. abutan.] 1. Around; on the exterior part or surface; as, about the head. 2. Near to in place; as, about the town. 3. Near to in time; as, about the sixth hour. 4. Near to in action, or near to the performance of some act; as, about to depart. 5. Near to the person; appended to the clothes; as, I have it about me. 6. Concerned in; engaged in; relating to; respecting; as, about my father's business. 7. In compass or circumference; as, two yards about the trunk. 8. Near to in number, as, about three thousand souls.

A-BOUT, adv. 1. Near to in quantity or degree; as, about as high, or as cold. 2. Here and there; around; in one place and another. 3. Round, or the longest way, opposed to across, or the shortest way; as, a mile about, and half a mile across.

A-BOVE', prep. [Sax. abufan.] 1. Literally, higher in place. 2. Figuratively, superior in any respect. 3. More in number or quantity. 4. More in degree; in a greater degree. 5. Beyond; in excess. 6. Beyond; in a state to be unattainable; as, things above comprehension. 7. Too proud for; as, above taking advice. 8. Too elevated in mind or rank; having too much dignity for; as, above an act of meanness. 9. It is often used, elliptically, for heaven, or the celestial regions. 10. In a book or writing, it denotes before, or in a former place; as, what has been said above; supra.

A-BOVE', adv. 1. Overhead; in a higher place. 2. Before. 3. Chief in rank or power. Above all is elliptical; above all considerations; chiefly; in preference to other things. A-BOVE-BOARD, adv. Above the board or table; in open sight; without trick, concealment, or deception.

A-BOVE-CIT-ED, a. Cited before, in the preceding part of
a book or writing.

A-BOVE-GROUND, a. Alive; not buried.
A-BOVE'-MEN-TIONED, a. Mentioned before.
A-BOVE-SAID (a-buv-sed), a. Mentioned or recited before,
AB OVO USQUE AD MALA, from the egg to the ap
ples; i. e, from the beginning of a Roman meal to its end.
Hence, from the beginning of any thing to its end.

ABP. Abbreviation for Archbishop.
AB-RA-CA-DABRA, n. The name of a Syrian deity; a
word formerly supposed, when written triangularly and
worn round the neck, to avert disease.

AB-RADE', v. t. [L. abrado.] To rub or wear off; to waste
by friction; used especially to express the action of sharp,
corrosive medicines.

AB-RAD'ED, pp. Rubbed or worn off; worn; scraped.
AB-RADING, ppr. Rubbing off; wearing.

AB-RADING, n. In agriculture, the crumbling down of
banks of earth, from the effects of frost, or of the alternate
action of drought and moisture.-Brande.
A-BRA-HAΜΊΕ, a. Pertaining to Abraham.
Abraham men, formerly, were impostors, in England, who
wandered about the country personating lunacy. To sham
Abraham, to feign sickness.-Goldsmith.

A-BRAID', v. t. To arouse; to awake.
A-BRANCH I-AN, n. Terms applied to animals having no
A-BRANCHI-A, n. pl.
branchias or gills, as leeches,
AB-RA'SION (ab-ra-zhun), n. The act of wearing or rubbing
off; also, substance worn off by attrition.

A-BREAST (a-brest), adv. [from a and breast.] Side by side,
with the breasts in a line; opposite.
AB-RE-NON-CI-A'TION, n. Renunciation; absolute denial.
AB-REPTION, n. [L. abripio.) A carrying away; or state
of being seized and carried away.
A-BREU-VOIR' (a-bru-vwor), n. [Fr.] 1. A watering place.
2. The joint between stones, to be filled up with mortar.
A-BRIDGE' (a-bridj), v. 1. [Fr. abreger.] 1. To make short
er; to contract by using fewer words, yet retaining the
sense in substance; used of writings. 2. To bring within
narrower limits; as, to abridge labor. 3. To cut off from;
followed by of; as, to abridge one of his rights. 4. In al-
gebra, to reduce a compound quantity or equation to its
more simple expression. SYN. To shorten; abbreviate;
contract; abstract; epitomize; condense; compress; re-
trench: reduce; curtail; diminish; cut short; confine.
A-BRIDGED (a-bridjd'), pp. or a. Made shorter; epitomized;
reduced to a smaller compass; lessened; deprived.
A-BRIDGER n. One who abridges or makes a compend.
A-BRIDGING, ppr. Shortening; lessening; depriving.
A-BRIDGʻMENT, n. 1. An epitome; a compend, or summary
of a book. 2. A cutting off; as, an abridgment of expens
es or enjoyments. Syn. Diminution; reduction; con-
traction; deprivation; restraint.

A-BROACH, adv. Broached; letting out or yielding liquor,
or in a posture for letting out; as, a cask is abroach. Fig-
uratively used by Shakspeare for setting loose, or in a state
of being diffused; as, to "set mischief abroach."

A BROAD (a-brawd), adv. 1. At large; widely; not con- | AB-SINTHI-AN, a. Of the nature of wormwood. fined to narrow limits. 2. In the open air. 3. Beyond or AB-SINTHI-A-TED, a. Impregnated with wormwood.

out of the walls of a house. 4. Beyond the bounds of a country; in foreign countries, 5. Extensively; before the public at large. 6. Widely; with expansion; as, a tree spreads its branches abroad.

ABRO-GA-BLE, a. That may be abrogated.

ABRO-GATE, e. t. [L. abrogo.] To abolish by the authority of the maker or his successor; applied to the repeal of laws, decrees, ordinances, the abolition of established customs, &c.-SYN. To repeal; annul; set aside; rescind: revoke; abolish; cancel.

ABRO-GA-TED, pp. Repealed; annulled by an act of authority.

ABRO-GA-TING, ppr. Repealing by authority; making void.
AB-RO-GATION, 2. The act of abrogating; a repeal by au-
thority of the legislative power; revocation.
A-BROOD', ads. In the act of brooding.
A-BROODING, a. A sitting abrood.-Barret.

A-BROOK', .t. To brook; to endure.-Shak. See BROOK. A-BROTA-NOID, π. [Gr. αβροτονον, and είδος, form.] Α species of coral belonging to the genus madrepora. Kis one of the reef-corals in the East Indies.

A-BROTA-NUM, π. [Gr. αβροτονον.] A species of evergreen plant, called also southern-wood.

AB-RUPT, a. [L. abruptus.] 1. Literally, broken off, or broken short. 2. Steep; craggy; applied to rocks, precipices, and the like. 3. Figuratively, without notice to prepare the mind for the event. 4. Unconnected; having sudden transitions from one subject to another.-5. In botany, terminating abruptly, without a tapering point, or without a leaflet. Brande.-SYN. Sudden; unexpected; hasty; rough; blunt; disconnected; broken. AB-RUPT, n. A chasm or gulf with steep sides. "Over the vast abrupt."-Milton.

AB-RUPTED, a Torn off; torn asunder.

AB-RUPTION, n. A sudden breaking off; a violent separation of bodies,

AB-RUPTLY, adv. Suddenly; without giving notice, or without the usual forms.

AB-RUPTNESS, A. L. A state of being broken; craggedness; steepness. 2. Figuratively, suddenness; unceremonious haste or vehemence.

ABSCESS, n. [L. abscessus.] A cavity in some part of the body containing pus, or purulent matter, resulting from suppuration consequent on inflammation.

AB-SCIND, .. [L. abscindo.] To cut off.

ABSCISS, [L. abscissus.] In conics, a part of the diAB-SCISSA, ameter, or transverse axis of a conic section, intercepted between the vertex, or some other fixed point, and a semi-ordinate.

AB-SCISSION (ab-sizh'un), n. 1. A cutting off, or a being cut off-2. In surgery, the separation of any corrupted or useless part of the body, by a sharp instrument.-3. In rhetoric, an abrupt breaking off in the midst of a sentence; as, "He is a man of too much honor-but I will not press that point."

AB-SCOND', . i. [L. abscondo.] 1. To retire from public view, or from the place in which one resides or is ordinarily to be found; to withdraw, or absent one's self in a private manner; to be concealed; appropriately used of persons who secrete themselves to avoid a legal process. 2. To hide, withdraw, or be concealed.

AB-SCONDER, A. One who withdraws from public notice,

or conceals himself.

AB-SCONDING, ppr. or 4. Withdrawing privately from public view; withdrawing to avoid a legal process.

ABSENCE, n. [L. absens.) L. A state of being at a distance in place, or not in company. 2. Want; destitution; implying no previous presence; as, in the absence of all proof on the subject.-3. In law, non-appearance; a not being in court to answer. 4. Heedlessness; inattention to things present.

ABSENT, &. Not present: not in company; at such a distance as to prevent communication. 2. Heedless; inat tentive to persons present, or to subjects of conversation in company-3. In familiar language, not at home; as, the master of the house is absent.

AB-SENT, 2.1. To depart to such a distance as to prevent intercourse; to retire or withdraw; to forbear to appear in presence; as, to absent one's self.

AB-SENTED, pp. Retired or withdrawn.

AB-SENT-EF, R. One who absents himself from his country, post, or duty. The term is applied, in political economy, to those who leave the country where their property lies, and spend their income in some other country.

AB-SENT-EEISM, 2. Absence from one's country, duty, or station: applied particularly to one's leaving the country where his property lies, and spending its income in some other country.

AB-SENTER, a. One who absents himself.
AB-SENTING, ppr. Departing; withdrawing.

AB-SENTMENT, n. A state of being absent.-Barrow.

AB-SIN'THI-UM, n. [Gr. αψινθιον.] The common wormwood; a bitter plant, used as a tonic. A species of Artemisia.

AB'SIS. In astronomy. Sce APSIS. AB'SO-LUTE, a. [L. absolutus.] 1. Literally, in a general sense, free; independent of any thing extraneous. Hence, 2. Complete in itself; positive: as, an absolute declaration. 3. Unconditional; as, an absolute promise. 4. Existing independent of any other cause; as, God is absolute. 5. Unlimited by extraneous power or control; as, an absolute government or prince. 6. Not relative; as, absolute space. 7. Pure; unmixed; as, absolute alcohol. SYN. Positive; peremptory; certain; unconditional; arbitrary; despotic. AB'SO-LUTE-LY, adv. Without restriction or limitation.SYN. Completely; wholly; entirely; unconditionally; positively; peremptorily.

AB'SO-LUTE-NESS, n. 1. Independence; completeness in itself. 2. Despotic authority, or that which is subject to no extraneous restriction, or control.

AB-SO-LUTION, η. 1. In the civil law, an acquittal or sentence of a judge declaring the accused person innocent.2. In the canon law, a remission of sins pronounced by a priest in favor of a penitent.-3. Among Protestants, a sentence by which an excommunicated person is released from his liability to punishment.

AB'SO-LUT-ISM, n. State of being absolute; the principles of absolute government.

AB'SO-LŪT-IŠT, n. One who is in favor of an absolute gov. ernment.

* AB'SO-LU-TO-RY, or AB-SOL'U-TO-RY, a. Absolving; that absolves.

AB-SOLV'A-TO-RY, a. Containing absolution, pardon, or release; having power to absolve.

AB-SOLVE' (ab-zolv), v. t. [L. absolvo.] To set free or release from some obligation; as, to absolve a person from a promise; to absolve an offender. Hence, in the civil law, the word was used for acquit; and in the canon law, for forgive, or remit. In ordinary language, its sense is, to set free or release-from an engagement. Formerly, good writers used the word in the sense of finish, accomplish; as, to absolve work, in Milton; but, in this sense, it seems to be obsolete. Young has also used it for resolve or explain; as, "Absolve we this?" but this sense is rare.

AB-SOLVED (ab-zolvd), pp. Released; acquitted; remitted; declared innocent.

AB-SOLVER, n. One who absolves; also one that pronoun

ces sin to be remitted.

AB-SOLVING, ppr. Setting free from a debt, or charge; acquitting; remitting.

AB'SO-NANT, a. Wide from the purpose; against reason. AB'SO-NOUS, a. [L. absonus.] Contrary to reason; unmusical or untunable.

AB-SORB', v. t. [L. absorbeo.] 1. To drink in; to suck up; to imbibe; as, water absorbed by a sponge. 2. To drink in, swallow up, or overwhelm with water; as, a body absorbed in a whirlpool. 3. To waste wholly or sink in expenses; to exhaust; as, to absorb an estate in luxury. 4. To engross or engage wholly; as, absorbed in study or the pursuit of wealth.

AB-SORB-A-BILT-TY, n. The state or quality of being absorbable.

AB-SORB'A-BLE, a. That may be imbibed or swallowed.
AB-SORBED (ab-sorbd), pp. Imbibed; swallowed; wast-
AB-SORPT',
Sed; engaged; lost in study:

wholly engrossed. AB-SORBENT, a. Imbibing; swallowing. AB-SORBENT, n. 1. In anatomy, a vessel which imbibes, as the lacteals and lymphatics.-2. In medicine, a substance used for absorbing the acidity in the stomach and bowels, as magnesia or chalk.-Dunglison. AB-SORBING, ppr. or a. Imbibing; engrossing; wasting. AB-SORPTION, n. 1. The act or process of imbibing or swallowing; either by water which overwhelms, or by substances which drink in and retain liquids; as, the ab sorption of a body in a whirlpool. 2. Entire occupation of mind; as, absorption in business.-3. In physiology, the taking up matter by the absorbent vessels, as the lacteals, &c.-4. In chemistry, the conversion of a gaseous fluid into a liquid or solid, by union with another substance.

AB-SORPTIVE, a. Having power to imbibe. ABSQUE HOE. [L.] Without this or that-In law, words used in traversing what has been alleged, and is repeated. AB-STAIN', v. i. [L. abstineo.] In a general sense, to keep from, voluntarily; but used chiefly to denote a restraint upon the passions or appetites. - SYN. To refrain; forbear; withhold; deny one's self; give up; relinquish. AB-STE'MI-OUS, a. [L. abstemius.] 1. Sparing in diet; refraining from a free use of food and strong drinks. 2. Sparing in the enjoyment of animal pleasures of any kind. 3. Sparingly used, or used with temperance; belonging to abstinence; as, an abstemious diet; an abstemious life.

AB-STEMI-OUS-LY, adv. Temperately; with a sparing use | AB-STRŪSELY, adv. In a concealed manner; obscurely;

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AB-STERGENT, a. Wiping; cleansing.

AB-STERGENT, n. A term applied to lotions for cleansing ulcers, &c.; but the use of the word is nearly superseded by detergent, which see.

AB-STER'SION, n. [L. abstergeo, abstersus.] The act of wiping clean; or a cleansing of ulcers, &c., by lotions. AB-STER'SIVE, a. Cleansing; having the quality of removing foulness.

AB'STI-NENCE, n. [L. abstinentia.] 1. In general, the act or practice of voluntarily refraining from, or forbearing any action. 2. More appropriately, the refraining from an indulgence of appetite, or from customary gratifications of animal propensities. It denotes either a total forbearance, as in fasting, or a forbearance of the usual quantity. AB'STI-NENT, a. Refraining from indulgence, especially in the use of food and drink.

AB'STI-NENT-LY, adv. With abstinence. AB'STI-NENTS, n. pl. A sect abstaining from flesh, which appeared in France and Spain in the third century.

AB-STORTED, a. Forced away.

AB-STRACT, v. t. [L. abstraho.] 1. To draw from, or to separate. 2. To separate ideas by the operation of the mind; to consider one part of a complex object by itself. 3. To select or separate the substance of a book or writing; to epitomize or reduce to a summary. 4. To take secretly for one's own use a part of the property of another, when placed in one's power; to purloin; as, to abstract goods from a parcel, or money from a bank.-Howit, [a recent use.) 5. In chemistry, to separate; as the more volatile parts of a substance by distillation.

ABSTRACT, a. [L. abstractus.] 1. Separate; distinct from something else. An abstract idea, in metaphysics, is an idea separated from a complex object, or from other ideas which naturally accompany it, as the solidity of marble contemplated apart from its color or figure. Abstract terms are those which express abstract ideas; as, beauty, whiteness, roundness, without regarding any subject in which they exist; or, abstract terms are the names of orders, genera, or species of things, in which there is a combination of similar qualities. 2. Separate, existing in the mind only; as, an abstract subject; an abstract question; and hence, difficult; abstruse.

AB'STRACT, n. 1. A summary, or epitome, containing the substance, a general view, or the principal heads of a treatise or writing. 2. Formerly, an extract, or a smaller quantity, containing the essence of a larger.-In the abstract, in a state of separation, as a subject considered in the abstract, i. e., without reference to particular persons or things.

in a manner not to be easily understood. AB-STRŪSENESS, n. Obscurity of meaning; the state or quality of being difficult to be understood. † AB-STRU'SI-TY, n. Abstruseness. - Brown.

AB-SŪME', v. t. [L. absumo.] To bring to an end by grad

ual waste.

† AB-SUMPTION, n. Destruction. AB-SURD', a. [L. absurdus.] Opposed to manifest truth; inconsistent with reason, or the plain dictates of common sense. An absurd man acts contrary to the clear dictates of reason or sound judgment. An absurd proposition contradicts obvious truth. An absurd practice or opinion is repugnant to the reason or common apprehension of men. It is absurd to say, six and six make ten.-SYN. Foolish; irrational; ridiculous; preposterous; inconsistent; incongruous.

AB-SURDI-TY, n. 1. The quality of being inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment. Want of judg. ment, applied to men; want of propriety, applied to things. -Johnson. 2. That which is absurd: in this sense it has a plural; as, the absurdities of men.-SYN. Incongruity; folly; inconsistency; preposterousness; self-contradiction, unreasonableness.

AB-SURDLY, adv. In a manner inconsistent with reason, or obvious propriety.

AB-SURDNESS, n. The same as absurdity, and less used. A-BUND'ANCE, n. [Fr. abondance.) An overflowing quantity: ample sufficiency; in strictness, applicable to quantity only, but sometimes used of number; as, an abundance of peasants.-Addison. It denotes also fullness; overflowing; as, the abundance of the heart. Matt., xii.-SYN. Exuberance; plentcousness; plenty; copiousness; overflow; riches; atfluence; wealth. A-BUND'ANT, a. In great quantity; fully sufficient; as, an abundant supply. In Scripture, abounding; having in great quantity. SYN. Plentiful; copious; ample; plenteous; exuberant; overflowing; rich.

A-BUND'ANT-LY, adv. Fully; amply; plentifully; in a sufficient degree.

†A-BU'SAGE, n. Abuse. A-BŪSE, v. 1. [Fr. abuser.] 1. To use ill; to use with bad motives or to wrong purposes; as, to abuse privileges. 2. To violate; to defile by improper sexual intercourse. 3. To impose on; as, to abuse the confidence of a friend. 4. To treat rudely, or with reproachful language. 5. To pervert the meaning of; to misapply; as, to abuse words.SYN. To maltreat; injure; deceive; cheat; revile; reproach; vilify.

AB-STRACTED, pp. or a. Separated; purloined; refined; exalted; abstruse; absent in mind.

A-BŪSE', n. 1. Ill use; improper treatment or employment; application to a wrong purpose; as, an abuse of our natural powers. 2. A corrupt practice or custom; as, the abuses of government. 3. Rude speech; reproachful language addressed to a person; contumely; reviling words. 4. Violation of a female. 5. Perversion of meaning; improper use or application; as, an abuse of words. A-BŪSED' (a-būzd), pp. or a. Il used; used to a bad purpose; treated with rude language; misemployed; perverted to bad or wrong ends; deceived; defiled; violated.

A-BŪSER, n. One who abuses; one that deceives; a ravisher.

AB-STRACTED-LY, adv. In a separate state, or in contem-A-BŪSEFUL, a. Using or practicing abuse; abusive.

plation only.

AB-STRACTED-NESS, n. The state of being abstracted.

Barter.

AB-STRACTER, n. One who makes an abstract, or summary; one who purloins.

AB-STRACTING, ppr. Separating; purloining; making a

summary.

AB-STRACTION, n. 1. The act of separating, or state of being separated. 2. The operation of the mind when occupied by abstract ideas; as when we contemplate some particular part or property of a complex object, as separate from the rest. 3. A separation from worldly objects; a recluse life; as, a hermit's abstraction. 4. Absence of mind; inattention to present objects. 5. Taking for one's own use part of the property of another, when placed in one's power; [recent usage.] 6. In the process of distillation, the term is used to denote the separation of the volatile parts, which rise, come over, and are condensed in a receiver, from those which are fixed.

AB-STRACTIVE, a. Having the power or quality of abstracting.

AB-STRACTIVE, a. Abstracted, or drawn from othAB-STRACT-ITIOUS, S er substances, particularly from vegetables, without fermentation.

ABSTRACT-LY, adv. Separately; absolutely; in a state or manner unconnected with any thing else. ABSTRACT-NESS, n. A separate state; a state of being in contemplation only, or not connected with any object.

† AB-STRŪDE', v. t. To thrust away. AB-STRŪSE, a. [L. abstrusus.] Hid; concealed; hence, remote from apprehension; difficult to be comprehended or understood; opposed to what is obvious.

A-BŪSING, ppr. Using ill; employing to bad purposes; deceiving; violating the person; perverting. A-BU'SION (a-bü'zhun), n. Abuse; evil or corrupt usage; reproach; deception. [Little used.]

A-BUSIVE, a. 1. Practicing abuse; offering harsh words, or ill treatment. 2. Containing abuse, or that is the instrument of abuse; as, abusive words. SYN. Reproachful; scurrilous; opprobrious; insolent; insulting; injurious; offensive; reviling.

A-BŪSTVE-LY, adv. In an abusive manner; rudely; reproachfully. A-BŪSTVE-NESS, n. III usage; the quality of being abusive: rudeness of language, or violence to the person.

A-BUT, v. i. [Fr. aboutir. To border upon; to be contiguous to; to meet; in strictness, to adjoin to at the end. A-BUTMENT, n. 1. A solid support for the extremity of a bridge, or of an arch, or any thing which presses outward. 2. That which abuts or borders on another,

A-BUTTAL, n. The butting or boundary of land at the end a head-land. Also in a more general sense, in the plural the boundaries of land. Spelman.

AB'VO-LATE, v. t. To fly from. AB-VO-LATION, n. The act of flying from. † A-BY', v. t, or i. [probably contracted from abide.] To en dure; to pay dearly; to remain.-Spenser.

A-BYSM', (a-byzm') n. [Old Fr.; now abrime.) A gulf.--Shak. † A-BYSMAL, a. Pertaining to an abyss; bottomless. A-BYSS' n. [Gr. αβυσσος.) A bottomless guli; used also for a deep mass of waters, supposed by some to have encompassed the earth in the beginning. The word is also used for an immense cavern in the earth, in which God is sup

posed to have collected all the waters on the third day of | AC-CEDING, ppr. Agreeing; assenting. the creation. It is used also for hell, Erebus. 2. That AC-CELER-ATE, v. t. [L. accelero.] 1. To cause to move ACC

which is immeasurable; that in which any thing is lost;

as, the abyss of time.

AB-YS-SINT-AN, n. Pertaining to Abyssinia.

AB-YS-SINT-ANS, 2. pl. A sect of Christians in Abyssinia, who admit but one nature in Jesus Christ, and reject the council of Chalcedon.-Encyc.

faster; to quicken motion; to add to the velocity of a moving body. 2. To add to natural or ordinary progression; as, to accelerate the growth of a plant. 3. To bring nearer in time; to shorten the time between the present time and a future event-SYN. To hasten; expedite; quicken; dispatch; forward; advance; further.

AO-CELER-A-TED, pp. or a. Quickened in motion; hastened in progress.

AC, in Saxon, oak; the initial syllable of names; as, Acton,

Oaktown.

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A-CICIANS, n. pl. In church history, certain sects holding that the Son was not of the same substance with the Father; so denominated from Acacius.-Encyc.

FAC-A-DEME, n. An academy; a society of persons. The academy, or school of Plato.

AC-A-DEMI-AL, a. Pertaining to an academy.

AC-A-DEMI-AN, 2. A member of an academy; a student in a university or college. AC-A-DEMIO. a. Belonging to an academy, or to a colAC-A-DEMTC-AL, lege or university; as, academic studies; also noting what belongs to the school or philosophy of Plato; as, the academic sect.

ΔΕ-A-DEMTE, n. 1. One who belonged to the school, or adhered to the philosophy, of Socrates and Plato. 2. A student in a college or university.-Watts.

AC-A-DEMIC-AL-LY, adv. In an academical manner. AC-A-DE-MI CLAN, n. [Fr. académicien.] A member of an academy, or society for promoting arts and sciences; particularly, a member of the French academies.

A-CADE-MISM, 2. The doctrine of the academic philosophy-Barter.

A-CADE-MIST, 2. A member of an academy for promoting arts and sciences; also an academic philosopher.

A-CADEMY, n. [L. academia.] Originally, it is said, a garden, grove, or villa, near Athens, where Plato and his followers held their philosophical conferences. The school of Plato, 1. A school, or seminary of learning, holding a rank between a university or college and a common school; also a school for teaching a particular art, or particular sciences; as, a military academy. 2. A house in which the students or members of an academy meet; a place of education. 3. A society of men united for the promotion of arts and sciences, especially of the fine arts.

A-CAL-EPHAN, π. [Gr. ακαλήφη, a nettle.] Terms apA-CAL-EPHA, n. pl. plied to a class of gelatinous, maA-CAL-EPHE, n. pl. rine, radiate animals, including the medusa, sea-nettle, jelly-fish, &c. [Acaleph is also used.] AC-A-NA'CEOUS, α. [Gr. ακανος.] Armed with prickles. A-CANTHA, n. [Gr. ακανθα.] In botany, a prickle. In zoology, a spine or prickly fin; the spinous process of the vertebræ. AC-AN-THA CEOUS, a. Armed with prickles, as a plant. A-CANTHYCE, R. The sweet juice of ivy buds.-Knowles. A-CANTHINE, a. [See ACANTHUS.] Pertaining to the plant acanthus.

A-CANTHO-POD, R. One of a tribe of clavicorn and coleopterous insects with spiny legs. A-CAN-THOP-TE-RYGI-AN, n. One of the order of acanth

opterygious fishes.-Brande.

A-CAN-THOP-TE-RYGT-OUS, a. [Gr. ακανθα and πτερύγιον.] In zoology, having back fins which are hard, bony, and prickly; a term applied to certain fishes.

A-CANTHUS, n. [Gr. ακανθος.] 1. The plant bear's breech, or brank ursine-2. In architecture, an ornament resembling the foliage or leaves of the acanthus.

ACANTI-CONE, A. See PISTACITE.

A-CANZI-I, n. pl. The name given to light-horse in Turkey. A-CART-DAN,n. (Terms applied to a division of arachniA-CART-DA, R. pl.) dans, including the mite (acarus) and the tick (ricinus).

A-CARNAR,. A bright star-Bailey. See ACHERNAR. ACA-RUS, A tick; a small articulated animal. I-CAT-A-LECTIE, n. [Gr. ακατάληκτος.] A verse which has the complete number of syllables. Johnson. CATALEP -SY, я. [Gr. акαταληψια.] Impossibility of complete discovery or comprehension; incomprehensibility. Whitaker.

I-CAT-A-LEPTIC, a. Incomprehensible.

A-CITER, A-CATES. See CATERER and CATES.

A-CA-THAR SIA, n. [Gr.] 1. In medicine, impurity of the blood-2. In surgery, the filth or sordes proceeding from a

wound.

ACAULOUS, & L. 4, priv., and caulis.) In botany, without the stem called caulis; having flowers resting on the ground. AC-CEDE, .. [L. accedo.] 1. To come into a proposition, or to terms proposed by another. 2. To become a party, by agreeing to the terms of a treaty.-SYN. To agree; assent; consent; comply; acquiesce.

AC-CELER-A-TING, ppr. Hastening; increasing velocity or progression.

AC-CEL-ER-ATION, n. The act of increasing velocity or progress; the state of being quickened in motion or action. AC-CELER-A-TIVE, a. Adding to velocity; quickening pro gression. Reid.

AC-CELER-A-TO-RY, a. Accelerating; quickening motion. AC-CEND', v. t. [L. accendo.] To kindle; to set on fire. AC-CEND-I-BILT-TY, n. Capacity of being kindled, or of becoming inflamed.

AC-CENDI-BLE, a. Capable of being inflamed or kindled. AC-CEN'SION, n. The act of kindling or setting on fire; or the state of being kindled; inflammation. ACCENT, n. [L. accentus.] 1. A particular stress or force of voice upon certain syllables of words, which distinguish. es them from the others. Accent is of two kinds, primary and secondary, as in aspiration. 2. A mark or character used in writing to direct the stress of the voice in pronun ciation. 3. A modulation of the voice expressive of passions or sentiments; as, a plaintive accent.-Prior. 4. Man ner of speaking.-Shak., [obs.] -5. Poetically, words, language, or expressions in general. Dryden.-6. In music, either the stress laid on the accented parts of the bar, called grammatical accent, or the emphasis dictated by feeling, called oratorical accent. 7. A peculiar modulation of the voice; as, a foreign accent.

AC-CENT, v. t. To express accent; to utter a syllable with a particular stress or modulation of the voice. In poetry, to utter or pronounce in general. Also, to note accents by marks in writing.

AC-CENTED, pp. or a. Uttered or marked with accent.
AC-CENTING, ppr. Pronouncing or marking with accent.
AC-CENTOR, n. In music, one that sings the leading part.
AC-CENTU-AL, a. Pertaining to accent.
AC-CENTU-ATE, v. t. To mark or pronounce with an ac
cent, or with accents.

AC-CENTU-A-TED, pp. Marked or pronounced with an ac

cent.

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AC-CENT-U-ATION, n. The act of placing accents in writing, or of pronouncing them in speaking.

АС-СЕРТ", v. t. [L. accepto.] 1. To take or receive what is offered with a consenting mind; to receive with approbation or favor. 2. To regard with partiality; to value or esteem; as, to accept the person of any one. 3. To consent or agree to; to receive as terms of a contract; as, to accept a treaty; often followed by of.-4. In commerce, to agree or promise to pay, as a bill of exchange. See Ao

CEPTANCE.

*АЄ-СЕРТА-BLE, a. 1. That may be received with pleasure; hence pleasing to a receiver; gratifying; welcome. 2. Agreeable or pleasing in person.

* АС-СЕРТА-BLE-NESS, (n. The quality of being agree*AC-CEPT-A-BILT-TY, able to a receiver. * AC-CEPTA-BLY, adv. In a manner to please, or give satisfaction.

AC-CEPTANCE, n. 1. A receiving with approbation or satisfaction; favorable reception. 2. The receiving of a bill of exchange, or order, in such a manner as to bind the accepter to make payment. 3. An agreeing to terms or proposals in commerce, by which a bargain is concluded, and the parties bound. 4. An agreeing to the act or contract of another, by some act which binds the person in law. 5. In mercantile language, a bill of exchange accepted; as, a merchant receives another's acceptance in payment. 6. Formerly, the sense in which a word is understood, [obs.] Acceptation is now used.

AC-CEPT-ATION, n. 1. Kind reception; a receiving with favor or approbation. 2. A state of being acceptable; favorable regard. 3. The meaning or sense in which a word or expression is understood, or generally received. 4. Reception in general, [obs.]

AC-CEPTED, pp. or a. Kindly received; regarded; agreed to; understood; received as a bill of exchange. AC-CEPTER, n. A person who accepts; one who promises to pay a draft.

AC-CEP-TI-LATION, n. The remission of a debt by an ac quittance from the creditor, without receiving the money AC-CEPTING, ppr. Receiving favorably; agreeing to; un derstanding; promising to pay.

1AC-CEPTION, π. The received sense of a word. AC-CEPTIVE, a. Ready to accept.-B. Jonson.

*AC-CESS', or ACCESS, n. [L. accessus.] 1. A coming to; near approach; admittance; admission; as, to gain access to a prince. 2. Approach, or the way by which a thing may be approached; as, the access is by a neck of land. 3. Means of approach; liberty to approach; implying previous obstacles; as, by whom we have access. 4. Admis

sion to sexual intercourse. 5. Addition; increase by something added; as, an access of territory; but accession is now used. 6. The return of a fit or paroxysm of disease. ACCES-SA-RI-LY. See ACCESSORILY. ACCES-SA-RI-NESS. See ACCESSORINESS. ACCES-SA-RY. See ACCESSORY.

AC-CESS-I-BILT-TY, n. The quality of being approacha-
ble, or of admitting access.

AC-CESST-BLE, a. 1. That may be approached or reach-
ed. 2. Easy of approach; affable.
AC-CESSI-BLY, adv. So as to be accessible.

AC-CES'SION, n. [L. accessio.] 1. A coming to; an acced-
ing to and joining. 2. Increase by something added; that
which is added; as, an accession of territory. 3. In law,
a mode of acquiring property. 4. The act of arriving at
a throne, an office, or dignity. 5. The invasion of a fit of
a periodical disease, or fever.-SYN. Increase; addition;
augmentation; enlargement.

AC-CESSION-AL, a.

Additional.
AC-CES-SO'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to an accessory; as, ac-
cessorial agency, accessorial guilt.-Burr's Trial.
ACCES-SO-RI-LY, adv. In the manner of an accessory; by

subordinate means.

ACCES-SO-RI-NESS, n. The state of being accessory.
ACCES-SO-RY, a. [L. accessorius.] 1. Acceding; contrib-
uting; aiding in producing some effect, or acting in subor-
dination to the principal agent. Usually in a bad sense.
2. Aiding in certain acts or effects in a secondary manner;
as, accessory sounds in music.

ACCES-SO-RY, n. 1. In law, one who is guilty of a felony,
not by committing the offense in person, or as principal,
but by advising or commanding another to commit the
crime, or by concealing the offender. 2. That which ac-
cedes or belongs to something else, as its principal-SYN.
Accomplice; abettor; assistant; co-adjutor; ally.
ACCI-AC-CA-TU'RA (atche-ak-ka-tu'ra), n. In music, a
grace note, one semitone below the note to which it is
prefixed.-Brande.

8

ACCI-DENCE, n. [See ACCIDENT.] A small book, contain-
ing the rudiments of grammar.
ACCI-DENT, n. [L. accidens.] 1. A coming or falling; an
event that takes place without one's foresight or expecta-
tion; an event which proceeds from an unknown cause,
or is an unusual effect of a known cause, and therefore not
expected. 2. That which takes place or begins to exist
without an efficient intelligent cause, and without design.-
Dwight. 3. An unfortunate event, occurring casually, and
involving no guilt in the parties concerned. [This is the
most common use of the word.) 4. In logic, a property or
quality of a being which is not essential to it; as, whiteness
in paper. 5. In grammar, something belonging to a word,
but not essential to it; as, gender.-6. In heraldry, a point
or mark not essential to a coat of arms. SYN. Chance;
contingency; casualty; misfortune.
AC-CI-DENTAL, a. 1. Happening by chance, or rather un-
expectedly; casual; fortuitous; taking place not accord-
ing to the usual course of things; opposed to that which
is constant, regular, or intended; as, an accidental visit.
2. Non-essential; not necessarily belonging to; as, songs
are accidental to a play. Accidental colors: those which
result from some affection of the eye, and are different
from the real colors of the object. Accidental sharps and
flats, or accidentals, in music, are sharps and flats prefixed
to notes which would have been natural according to the
signature. -SYN. Casual; fortuitous; incidental; contin-
gent; occasional; uncertain.

AC-CI-DENTAL-LY, adv. By chance; casually; fortui-
tously; not essentially.
AC-CI-DENTAL-NESS, n. The quality of being casual.
AC-CI-DENTIA-RY, a. Pertaining to the accidence.

AC-CI-PEN'SER, n.

See ACIPENSER.

AC-CIPI-ENT, n. A receiver.

AC-CIPT-TER, n. [L. ad and capio.] 1. A name given to a
fish, the milvus or lucerna. 2. In ornithology, the name of
the order of rapacious birds.

AC-CIPI-TRINE, a. Seizing; rapacious; as, the accipitrine
order of birds. Ed. Encус.

AC-CITE', v. t. [L. ad and cito.] To call, or summon.
AC-CLAIM', v. t. [L. acclamo.] To applaud. [Little used.]
AC-CLAIM', n. A shout of joy; acclamation.

AC-CLA-MATION, n. [L. acclamatio.] 1. A shout of ap-
plause, uttered by a multitude.-2. In archeology, a repre-
sentation in sculpture, or on medals, of persons express-
ing joy.-Elmes.

AE-CLAMA-TO-RY, a. Expressing joy or applause by
shouts, or clapping of hands.

AC-CLIMATE, v. t. (ac for ad, and climate.] To habituate the

body to a climate not native, so as not to be peculiarly ex-
posed to its endemic diseases.

AC-CLIMA-TED, pp. or a. Habituated to a foreign climate,
or a climate not native. Med. Repository.
AC-CLI-MATION, n. The process or state of becoming
habituated to a foreign climate.

AC-CLIMA-TIZE, v. t. To inure plants to a climate differ-
ent from their natural one. Brande.
AC-CLIMA-TIZED, pp. or a. Inured to a new climate, as
plants.

AC-CLIMA-TIZ-ING, ppr. Inuring to a new climate.
AC-CLIMA-TURE, n. Act of acclimating, or a state of be

ing acclimated.-Caldwell.
AC-CLIVI-TY, n. [L. acclivus, acclivis.] A slope or inclina
tion of the earth, as the side of a hill, considered as as-
cending, in opposition to declivity, or a side descending.
Rising ground; ascent; the talus of a rampart.
AC-CLIVOUS, a. Rising, as a hill, with a slope.
AC-CLOY', v. τ. To fill; to stuff; to fill to satiety.
AC-COIL, D. 1. To encircle; to gather around.
AC-CO-LADE', n. [L.ad and collum.) A ceremony, probably
a blow on the neck, formerly used in conferring knighthood.
ACCO-LENT, n. A borderer; one who dwells on or near
the border of a country.

AC-COM'MO-DA-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be fitted, made
suitable, or made to agree. [Little used.]
AC-COM'MO-DA-BLE-NESS, n. The capability of accom-

modating.

AC-COM'MO-DATE, v. t. [L. accommodo.] 1. To fit, adapt, or make suitable; as, to accommodate ourselves to circumstances. Palcy. 2. To supply with or furnish, followed by with. 3. To supply with conveniences; as, to accom modate a friend. 4. To reconcile things which are at variance; as, to accommodate a difference between two friends. 5. To show fitness or agreement; to apply. 6. To lend to, a commercial sense. In an intransitive sense, to agree, to be conformable to, as used by Boyle, [obs.] -SYN. To suit; adapt; conform; adjust; reconcile; serve; oblige; assist;

aid.

AC-COM'MO-DATE, a. Suitable; fit; adapted; as, means
accommodate to the end.-Ray.

AC-COM'MO-DA-TED, pp. Fitted; adjusted; applied; also,
furnished with conveniences.
AC-COM'MO-DATE-LY, adv. Suitably; fitly.
ACCOMMODATE-NESS, n. Fitness. [Little used.]
AC-COM'MO-DA-TING, ppr. Adapting; making suitable,
reconciling; furnishing with conveniences; applying.
AC-COM'MO-DA-TING, a. Adapting one's self to; obliging;
disposed to comply, and to oblige another.
AC-COM-MO-DATION, n. 1. Fitness; adaptation, followed
by to. 2. Adjustment of differences; reconciliation, as of
parties in dispute. 3. Provision of conveniences. 4. In
the plural, conveniences; things furnished for use; chiefly
applied to lodgings. 5. In mercantile language, accommo-
dation is used for a loan of money. In England, accommo-
dation bill is one given instead of a loan of money.-
Crabbe. 6. It is also used of a note lent merely to accom
modate the borrower.-7. In theology, accommodation is the
application of a passage to something not originally intend-
ed by it, on the ground of resemblance or analogy.-Paley.
AC-COM'MO-DA-TIVE, a. Furnishing accommodation.
AC-COM'MO-DA-TOR, n. One that accommodates; one
that adjusts.

Sociable.

AC-COMPA-NA-BLE (-kum-), a. ΑΕ-ΕΟΜΡΑ-ΝIED, ppr. Attended by; connected with. AC-COMPA-NI-ER, n. He who accompanies. AC-COMPA-NI-MENT, n. [Fr. accompagnement.) Something that attends as a circumstance, or which is added by way of ornament to the principal thing, or for the sake of symmetry.

The performer in music who takes

AC-COMPA-NIST, n.
the accompanying part-Busby.
AC-COMPA-NY (-kum-), v. t. [Fr. accompagner.] 1. To go
with, or attend, as a companion. 2. To be with as con-
nected.-SYN. To attend; escort; wait on; go with.
AC-COMPA-NY, v. 1. 1. To attend; to be an associate.
-Bacon, [obs.] 2. To cohabit.-3. In music, to perform
the accompanying part in a composition.

AC-COMPA-NY-ING, ppr. or a. Attending; going with as a
companion.

AC-COMPLICE, n. [Fr. complice.) An associate in a crime; a partner or partaker in guilt. It was formerly used in a good sense for a co-operator, but this sense is wholly obsolete.- SYN. Abettor; accessory; assistant; associate; confederate; co-adiutor.

AC-COMPLICE-SHIP, n. The state of being an accomplice.-H. Taylor.

AC-COMPLISH, v. t. [Fr. accomplir.] 1. To complete; to finish entirely; to carry out fully. 2. To gain; to obtain or effect by successful exertions; as, to accomplish a de sign. 3. To fulfill or bring to pass; as, to accomplish a prophecy. 4. To furnish with qualities which serve to render the mind or body complete. 5. To arm and equip;

See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c., long.-A, E, I, &c., short-FÄR, FALL, WHAT ;-PREY;-MARINE, BIRD;-MOVE, BOOK,

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