Catechism of Musical History, Volume 1

16th century ancient antique appears Arabian bass bass instruments bassoon became bowed instruments breves brevis Bügelhorns Byzantine called Catechism of Musical chromatic church modes clarinet clavichord clef compass contrabass degrees developed diatonic Dorian Dorian mode Egyptians enharmonic system equal temperament fifth flutes Guido's harmony harp horn Hucbald hypate Hypo-Dorian hypo-Lydian hypo-Phrygian indicate instru intervals invented keys kind kithara last note later letters lichanos longa lower lute Lydian lyra major means melody mensural ments mese meson middle ages minor chord mixo-Lydian monochord mouthpiece Musical History natural neumes oboe octave octave species oldest orchestra organ percussion instruments Phrygian piano pipes pitch plagal plagal modes played polyphonic probably prolatio reed scale semibreves semitone signs slide solmisation sound sound-box sound-holes stringed instruments struments tablature tenor tetrachord theory third thorough-bass tone tone-system tonic transposing transposition trombone trumpet tubas tuned valve wind instruments Zarlino